Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Reduction of Gentamicin Standard Dose Combined with Phytochemicals Against Enterobacter Cloacae DSM 3264 BRB Using Response Surface Methodology108911038773810.21608/ajs.2020.26117.1179ENRawia F.GamalDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.RashaEbrahimMedical Analysis Central Laboratories for Medical Analysis and Blood Bank of Armed Forces, Al-Khalifa Al-Ma'mun, Cairo, EgyptSamah H.Abu-HussienDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.0000-0002-7224-1212Journal Article20200318Antibiotic-phytochemicals combinations are used for enhancing the antibacterial efficiency against pathogens aiming to prevent microbial resistance development. This study was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University in Cairo, Egypt, to study the in-vitro inhibitory activities of gentamicin antibiotic and phytochemical combinations of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), Syzygium aromaticum (clove) and Mentha piperita (mint) against Enterobacter cloacae DSM 3264 BRB by Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and Bactericidal inhibitory concentrations (MBCs) of the agents. Inhibitory activity of four recommended antibiotics (ciproflaxacin, cefepime, meropenem and gentamicin) and three oil plant extracts of the selected plants (cinnamon, clove, mint) were tested against E. cloacae DSM 3264 using well diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar plates by studying MIC and MBC tests. Gentamicin was selected among the four tested antibiotics based on its high potential against Enterobacter cloacae DSM 3264 BRB. For the reduction of gentamicin standard dose, a synergism experiment between gentamicin and the three phytochemicals under investigation (cinnamon, mint and clove) was carried out using a new statistical approach of mixture drug design of response surface methodology against E. cloacae DSM 3264 growth. A mixture design of twenty mixture combination runs using different concentration levels of gentamicin and the three oil plants extracts was performed against Enterobacter cloacae DSM 3264 growth. The software “Design Expert® 12” Stat-Ease was used to analyze the experimental mixture design. Results showed that the standard recommended gentamicin dose 10 µg/100ml may be substituted by oil extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum 4.75 % (v/v), Syzygium aromaticum 5.0% (v/v), Mentha piperita 5.0%(v/v) and gentamicin 0.25%(w/v) as an antibacterial agents. Analysis of clove, cinnamon and mint oils by GC-MS proved that the major components were 3-allyl-6-methoxyphenol (46.4%) followed by propylene glycol (53.59%), whereas cinnamon contains cinnamic acid and phenethyl ester being 41.79% while Mint contains menthol (32.9%) followed by menthone (27.7 %).Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Social Awareness of Rural People with the Covid-19 (A Field Study in the Villages of Bandar Toukh in Qalyubia Governorate and Abshway Village in Fayoum Governorate)94996911657810.21608/ajs.2020.42763.1259ENRabab SAMohammedAgricultural Economic and Extension Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Banha Univ., EgyptHebaMohamedRural Sociology and Agricultural Extension Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain shams University, Egypt0000-0002-2508-3856Journal Article20200913This research aimed to determine the level of social awareness of the covid-19 in the rural Egypt in the villages of Bandar Toukh in Qalyubia Governorate and the village of Ibshway in Fayoum Governorate, by identifyed the level of social awareness of the covid-19 among rural people in the two study villages, and identifyed some social variables affected on social awareness of covid-19, Finally, identifyed the differences in the level of awareness of the covid-19 in the two villages of the study, the research was based on the social survey method by created an electronic questionnaire for the respondents on a number of large groups of the two study villages, where the research applied the field study on a sample of 200 rural people, included 100 individuals from “Bandar Toukh” village in Qalyubia governorate, and 100 individuals from “Abshway” village in Fayoum governorate. the results showed that 54% of the respondents are in the category of low social awareness , 27% of them are in the category of medium social awareness, and 19% of them are in category of high social awareness of Coronavirus, and the study also showed that there are statistically significant differences between the mean ranks of the social awareness in the two villages, as the value of Z (- 5.78) with a probability value of 0.00, and the most important sources from which the rural respondents derive their information about the covid-19 are: Watching TV (69.5%), comments and videos On social media (53.5%), and the official website of the Egyptian Ministry of Health (46.5%),and there were significant differences between the four averages of the educational status of the researcher in the social awareness of the covid-19 , as the value of chi-squared (2 149.922) and the value of Sig (0.000), as it was found that the individual’s education Positively affected his level of social awareness of the covid-19.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Purple Blotch as Seed-Borne Disease of Onion and Its Control1245125511702410.21608/ajs.2020.42621.1257ENAya HAbo-zaidPlant Pathology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain shams university, Egypt0000-0003-1647-7594Karima GHelmyPlant Pathology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain shams university, EgyptHalaAbdel WahabPlant Pathology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain shams university, EgyptMagdy GEl-SammanPlant Pathology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain shams university, EgyptJournal Article20200912Alternaria porri (Ellis). Ciffen causes serious problems in onion plants. It is transmitted with naturally infected seeds and bulbs from the previous crop to infect the new flower stalk of the next crop. Also, onion bulb infection decreases seed vitality. Infected sample were collected from four locations; Giza, Sharkia, Kalubia and Menofia governorates to measure disease severity. Experiments have been done on naturally infected seeds and bulbs from the previous year by cultivating infected bulbs. Infection was classified into five categories based on the percentage of disease severity. Pathogen transmission by the onion seed was investigated, either as internal or external infection type, Five different ratios of blub infection was determined as; 14.2%, 25.2%, 41.5%, 61.1%, 87.5%. Also, trials were carried out in the current study to evaluate the efficiency of some botanical, biological and chemical as seed dressing treatments for infected seeds before sowing it, i.e. (Achook, Bougainvillea sp., Bacillus sp., Trichoderma sp. and Score). Results showed that disease severity was increased in the blub produced from previous crop, the number of flower stalk was reduced, and its disease severity was increased. Seeds produced from infected blub showed reduction in germination percentage. The most effective seed dressing treatment on seed germination were obtained by using score & Achook treatment compared with other seed dressing treatments. All treatments including Score, Achook, Bacillus sp., Bougainvillea sp., and Trichoderma sp.; respectively showed variable seed stimulation of germination compared with plants in the control treatment.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Effect of Grape Pomace on Some Biological Assays of Experimental Rats1131114111702910.21608/ajs.2020.35273.1226ENMaha AMahmoudSpecial Foods and Nutrition Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture research center, Giza, EgyptHalaThabetSpecial Foods and Nutrition Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture research center, Giza, Egypt<div itemscope itemtEl-Shahat GEl-DrenySpecial Foods and Nutrition Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture research center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200709This study is carried out to reduce the environmental impact of grape proceeding wastes through study the effect of the grape pomace (GP) utilization on some biological parameters which reflect the health status of rats fed on high fat diets. It was carried out via an experimental biological study, where adult healthy male albino rats, weighing 1855g, were fed on high-fat diets supplemented with 5, 10, and 15% of GP. The proceeding results showed that the protein amount in GP was up to 8.75%, lipids content was 7.38% and the total dietary fiber was 46.63%. K, Mg, Ca, Na, P and S were found in higher concentrations. The lipids of GP contained 85.75% unsaturated fatty acids (19.14% monounsaturated and 66.60% polyunsaturated fatty acid).The predominant fatty acid was linoleic acid (65.29%). Total phenolic (TP) compounds (expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per g sample) were about 50.35mg GAE/g, total flavonoids (expressed as mg rutin equivalent (RE) per g sample) were 22.25 mg RE/g and the DPPH radical scavenging activity was 51.92%. Gallic acid was the most abundant polyphenols, (9.76 mg/100g). Catechin was the most abundant flavonoid compound (52.5 mg/100g). Resveratrol as stilbenes content was 14.11 mg/100g. Supplementation of the high-fat diet with GP resulted in a significant reduction in cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and vLDL-C levels of the tested rat groups. Treated rats had higher mean values of HDL-C than that fed on HFD only. The best result for estimation of specific studied parameters (AST, ALT, urea, uric acid and creatinine) revealed that the rat groups fed on the high fat diet containing 15% GP was the healthiest. It was found that a non-significant alteration in the levels of AST, ALT, uric acid and creatinine, compared with the negative control rat group was detected. Consequently, it could be concluded that GP could be considered as a source of healthy compounds that could be applied in animal feed, pharmaceutical, cosmetic or food industries.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Effect of Growing medium, Fertilization and Biostimulant Treatments on Growth and Flowering of Potted Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii cv. Jaguar Yellow)1177118511785210.21608/ajs.2020.42465.1255ENIslamAliArid Lands Agricultural Graduate Studies and Research Institute, Ain Shams Univ., Egypt0000-0002-9869-7955Ayman FAbouhadidHorticulture Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams Univ., EgyptSoheir EHassanHorticulture Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams Univ., EgyptAhmed AMAbdelhafezAgricultural Microbiology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams Univ., Egypt0000-0003-4239-8363MohamedRamadanHorticulture Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams Univ., Egypt0000-0002-9279-4906Journal Article20200910The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of different fertilization and biostimulant treatments on growth and flowering of Gerbera (Gerbera iamesonii cv. Jaguar Yellow) plant under unheated plastic greenhouse conditions. This study was carried out for two successive seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 at the farm of the Arid lands Agriculture graduated studies and Research Institute (ALARI), Shobra Elkheima area, Qalyobia governorate, Egypt. The experiment were laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications, and the end results have been subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Freshly extracted gerbera seedling have been planted into pots filled with peatmoss + sand (1:1), peatmoss + sand + vermicompost (1:1:1), peatmoss + sand + compost (1:1:1) with or without 250ml of Azotobacter + Azospirllum mixture, as biostimulant, and slow-release NPK (4.2g) or fast-release NPK (2.5g) fertilizers to each plant, to determine the effect of fertilizer, biostimulant and growing medium types on the production of potted gerbera. Growth and flowering characteristics were measured. Results indicated that medium combination of sand + vermicompost + peatmoss (1:1:1) with biostimulant, regardless of the fertilizer type, gave significantly increased results in all measurements, compared to all other combinations. Plants grown in medium supplemented with biostimulant and fast-release fertilizer, gave flowers with good qualities While the medium combination sand + vermicompost + peatmoss (1:1:1) with biostimulant in combination with either one of NPK mineral fertilizers (fast-release fertilizer and slow release fertilizer) gave significantly increased results in most parameters, shown in higher total vegetarian and quality when combined with slow release fertilizer than fast-release fertilizer. Under this treatment, plant length was (28.2 cm), number of leaves per plant was (24.8), stem diameter was (3.7 mm), fresh weight (47.9 g), seedings dry weight (12.5g), length of the longest tap root was (19.8 cm), diameter of tap root (2.9 mm), number of secondary roots (40.7), root/shoot ratio (2.57), Leaf greenness "SPAD 59", and the highest number of daughter plants (5.3/plant). These records were all significantly higher than other treatmentsAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Effect of Nozzles design on the Performance of Impact Sprinklers in Sprinkler Irrigation System1041105311816110.21608/ajs.2020.37599.1234ENEngyKheirField Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Researches Department, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, ARC, Egypt0000-0001-7854-7784MahmoudHegaziAgric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., EgyptKhaledElbagouryAgric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Egypt0000-0000-0000-0000WaelSultanField Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Researches Department, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, ARC, EgyptJournal Article20200729Water is limited resource. This is considered to be one of the main challenges for future water policy. Saving water and energy is a requirement to ensure the viability of pressurized irrigation systems. Designing and optimizing sprinkler irrigation systems are mainly based on achieving appropriate hydraulic performance. Spray nozzles being very often a critical component in determining the final quality of the product or the sprinkler irrigation efficiency process. The engineering design factors of sprinkler affect sprinkler system performance. So, this study focuses on some engineering design factors (three different nozzle characteristics (1, 2 and 3) and operating pressures from 150 to 250 kPa), comparing with designed nozzle (No 4) to improve brass impact sprinkler performance. This study sited on Giza region at National Laboratory for testing the components of irrigation networks and field drainage, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute AEnRI, Agricultural Research Center ARC. The result of Christiansen uniformity coefficient CU indicated that designed nozzle No 4 achieving good performance according to American society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ASABE 2001 starting with operating pressure 150 kPa 74.05 % while nozzle No 3 starting with 175 kPa achieved 75.23 %. Also it was found that nozzle No 4 increasing flow rate by 43.48 %, precipitation rate by 19.92 %, rotation speed by 24.96 %, decreasing coverage radius by 28.38 % and the jet breaks up sufficiently to achieve an adequate water distribution pattern and obtained good droplet size comparing with nozzle No 3. It was found that sprinkler layouts 9m Х 9m overlapping achieved acceptable uniformity at operating pressure 150 kPa. Also the result indicated that nozzle No 4 saved operating time ratio by 26.87 % and decreased over minimum application targeted irrigation depth by 66.7 % at the same overlapping distances and at the same operating pressure 150 kPa.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Significance of Some Natural Amendments to Improve Soil Properties and Plant Growth1295131611863310.21608/ajs.2020.43997.1264ENSayed AAbdeenSoils and Water dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Egypt0000-0001-6212-0903Journal Article20200924Many problems facing sandy, calcareous and heavy clay soils and restricts plant growth, nutrients availability and sustainable agriculture. Soil amendments are considered to be the most realistic soil management methods to improve soil chemical and physical properties. Improving some soil physical and chemical properties, study the correlation between soil properties and their effect on plant growth and nutrients uptake by faba bean plant (Vicia faba L. var.716) were the main purpose of this study. To achieve this purpose three factorial pot experiments were conducted by addition rates (0, 5 and10 ton. fed<sup>-1</sup> ) of farmyard manure (FYM), phosphate rock (PhR) and rice straw (RS) either alone or mixed to sandy, calcareous sandy loam and clay soils. Soils were incubated with the studied treatments for 15 days before planting. The main results showed that the addition rates of soil amendments led to slightly increase in soil salinity, total porosity and significant increase in organic matter content in the experimental soils. Bulk density and pH decreased with increased the rates of FYM and PhR either alone or mixed with RS. Decreasing in hydraulic conductivity in sandy and sandy loam soils, while it increases in clay soil. Generally, there are negative correlations between soil organic matter and both of hydraulic conductivity and bulk density in sandy and sandy loam soils, while, organic matter and hydraulic conductivity gave a positive effect in clay soil. Changes in soil properties had a positive effect of faba bean growth and macro nutrients uptake. The highest rates of the studied materials showed a significant increase in fresh and dry weight, NPK content and uptake of faba bean plant. Integrated use of the highest rates of FYM and PhR with RS were the best option for sustaining physical and chemical properties, enhancing faba bean growth and nutrients uptake of the studied soils.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Hydraulic Performance Analysis of Emitters Under Magnetied Saline Water Conditions1055106411922410.21608/ajs.2020.42636.1258ENZeinabTurkeyIrrigation and Drainage Engineering Dept., Agric. Eng., Res. Institute, Dokki , Giza, Egypt0000-0002-4869-8714Arfa EYeserAgric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., EgyptKhaled FElbagouryAgric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Egypt0000-0000-0000-0000MostafaMahmoudIrrigation and Drainage Engineering Dept., Agric. Eng., Res. Institute, Dokki , Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200912Laboratory experiments were carried out at the National Irrigation Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AENRI), Dokki, Giza Governorate. to evaluate the influence of magnetic water treatment (MWT) on the hydraulic performance for emitters , study the characteristics of saline water (chemicals ,physical ) such as (EC, TDS, pH, density ,velocity and viscosity ) after magnetic at a different distance, and calculate the clogging ratio concentration of water salinity (0.343 dSm-1 (S1), 3.125 dSm-1 (S2), 5 dSm -1 (S3) and 6.25 dSm-1 (S4)) with Untreated magnetism and magnetism. Results of this study indicated that the using of MWT caused higher uniformity from (96.11% to 94.88%, 95.50% to 90.83% , 94.51 %to 88.59% . 94.15% to 86.59% ) at the beginning and end of experiment for magnetic treatment and Eu (95.75% to 92.69% ,94.96% to 86.12% , 95.56 %to 80.14% ,95.39% to 75.29% ) at the beginning and end of experiment for magnetic untreated for S1, S2 ,S3 and S4, respectively .Also, using the MWT led to increase in average flow rate compared to non-magnetic water from (4.69l/h to 4.41l/h), (4.64 l/h to 4.18 l/h ),(4.41to 4.33 l/h ) and (4.38 to 4.19l/h) with magnetically treated for different concentrations of saline water. On the other hand chemical properties values like (EC and TDS) were not change after using magnetic therapy, but the pH value increased after treatment from ( 7.30 to 7.64 before and after magnetic treated ,(7.53 to 7.68 ),(8.04 to 8.17) ,(7.59 to7.95 ) under different water treatment . In addition to, the physical analysis (density and viscosity) of salinity water were decreased with magnetic treated and the velocity was no significant effect before and after magnetic which the average value (1.42ms-1to 1.45ms-1) for control and magnetic treatment. Finally, the clogging ratio of emitters (%) with the magnetic treatment was less than untreated magneticAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Portable Solar-Energy Drying System with Mechanical Stirring Device for Cereals under Egyptian Conditions1065107611996910.21608/ajs.2020.43430.1263ENAhmed MElsheikhaDepartment of agricultural engineering, faculty of agriculture, Damietta university, EgyptRashadHegazyAgricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt0000-0003-1266-400XJournal Article20200919The main goal of this present study is utilizing the available solar energy to dry main cereals under Egyptian conditions using a portable drying system (PDS) with mechanical stirring. The developed multi-commodity portable drying system has a dimensions of 5.5 x 2 x 2.8 m (length, width and height, respectively), and the height is 2.8 m. The dimension of air heating room was 2.4 x 2.4 x 1.3 m (length x width x height, respectively). A transparent 4 mm polycarbonate sheet used to cover both drying chamber and heating room. A movable transitionally stirring system powered by electric motor was attached to the dryer and it consisted of a stirring arms made from a rectangular plates of stainless steel that had 1900 mm long 20 mm thickness and 70 mm height and fixed in the steering shaft that moves by chains at both ends. The power which required for stirring and rotational moving have been calculated and analyzed their arms motion to define the suitable horsepower motor to be used. Three solar modules (300 W each) as solar panels was used to produce 900 watts was used to produce 900 watts (with considering the solar panel efficiency) go run the electric motor. The drying time and drying temperature were employed as a scientific base to compare between the dryer development and the open air sun drying. The harvested rice grain was used in 30 mm thick of layers in both dryers. The overall area used to install the dryer was 14 x 6 m. The new drying system was evaluated based on the drying time to achieve the target crop moisture content for storage and the difference in crop layers during the drying process. Also, rice milling was conducted after drying to record the milling indicators for both the PDS an open air solar drying. The average difference in temperature was 0.16 C for the PDS, while it was 2.77 C for the open air sun drying for two different measuring time, 10 am and 2 pm. The less differences in layers’ temperature are due to the stirring operation that is undertaken mechanically and on the desired base. The PDS takes less time than conventional sun drying to dry the rice grains as the rice grains reached to 12 % MC after 10 hours of drying process. PDS gave better milling quality in term of head rice than the traditional open air solar drying method.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Assessment Of Biodiversity Among Sesame Genotypes Using ISSR and SRAP Markers1143118512011510.21608/ajs.2020.45593.1273ENNourhanAboelnagaGenetics Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams Univ., Egypt0000-0001-6745-3686AhmedAbodomaGenetics Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams Univ., EgyptLamyaaSayedGenetics Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams Univ., EgyptClaraAzzamCell Research Dept., Field Crop Research Institute, Agric. Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20201008Biodiversity among 32 sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes; 30 accessions were obtained from various regions of Egypt and two local cultivars were assessed agronomically using different morphometric and yield-related traits. Significant variations were observed for all these traits such as plant height, plant weight, No. of pods, pod weight and oil percentage. The variation between highest and lowest genotype in plant height was almost 50%, as genotype V32 recorded the highest plant height (220 cm), whereas genotype V19 was the shortest one (100 cm). Plant weight ranged from 802.2 to 99.5 g in V6 and V16, respectively. Pod weight varied from 202.6 to 32.2 g in V4 and V15, respectively. No. of pods ranged from 75.7 to 10.3 in V5 and V17, respectively, while oil percent varied from 60% to 40.5% in V11 and V3, respectively. Using morphometric characteristics, the genotypes were grouped into two main clusters with high variation among them. Fifteen out of the 32 genotypes were chosen and subjected to ISSR and SRAP analyses to detect the level of genetic diversity in relation to geographical origins using 11 ISSR and 7 SRAP primers. ISSR primers generated 46 amplified bands. Four out of these primers were resulted in 5 unique markers among the 15 sesame genotypes. Molecular characterization revealed a polymorphism percentage of 46.66% for ISSR markers, while SRAP primers exhibited a total of 22 bands and one out of these primers revealed 3 unique genotype specific marker polymorphism was calculated as 50%. The cluster analysis showed a high genetic diversity among the sesame genotypes and their diversity was consistent with their source pedigrees. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) were closely aligned with those of the cluster analysis. Considering the relatedness of genotypes, geographical origin and their morphological characteristics reflected to the similarity of ISSR and SRAP patterns.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Application of Methyl Jasmonate and Chitosan on Behavior of “Anna” Apple Seedlings Grown under Water and Heat Stress Conditions1203122312068010.21608/ajs.2020.46326.1276ENSamah INasrHigher Institute of Agriculture Co-Operation, Egypt45789700026700000Ghada MSolimanHorticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt4834690029831205Journal Article20201014The role of methyl jasmonate and chitosan application as anti- stress materials on responses of “Anna” apple seedlings grown under water and heat stresses was evaluated during 2018 and 2019 seasons. Anna" apple seedling were exposed to three levels of water regiem reated to avaialable (100, 80 and 60%), kept in the plastic greenhouse conditions at 45 ± 2°C., and treated with MeJA at 1.0 and 2.0 mM as well as chitosan at 0.5 and 1.0 %. Vegetative growth parameters, leaf mineral contents, chemical constituents and physiological attributes were detcrmined through out the development of apple seedling abiotic stress. Vegetative growth parameters including plant height (cm), average stem diameters (cm), total number of leaves/ plant, leaf area (cm2 ), number of branches/plant and shoot lengths (cm), fresh and dry weights (g/plant) greatly affected with both studied factors. Application of methyl jasmonate at 2.0 mM and chitosan at 1.0 % combined with irrigation with the three levels of recommended water regien (100, 80 and 60%), were superior than other treatments or untreated one in recording the highest values of all vegetative growth parameters in both seasons. All anti -stress materials were effective in increasing apple seedlings levels of macro (N, P and K) and micro (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) elements compared to untreated apple seedlings. However, chitosan treatment at 1.0 % in combination with all water regiems were more effective in improving the nutrition status of treated seedlings. Additionally, high values of total chlorophyll and carbohydrates were achieved by apple seedlings irrigated with 100% of water regiem and sprayed with higher concentration from chitosan or methyl jasmonate materials. On the other hand, the untreated seedlings under all irrigation water regiems recorded the least values in this respect. On the contrary, the treatments of 2.0 mM methyl jasmonate and 1.0 % chitosan under heat and water stress conditions were effective in reducing proline amino acid, glycine betaine and phenolic compounds contents values which is similar to the apple seedling did not expose to stresses. Generally, it could be concluded that spraying apple seedlings with methyl jasmonate at 2.0 mM and chitosan at 1.0 % in combination with all water regiem considered a good horticulture application to alleviation of a biotic stress (water and heat).Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Impact of Nanoparticles of In Vitro Propagation of Date Palm cv. Barhee by Immature Inflorescences1187120212106510.21608/ajs.2020.41022.1247ENFarid MRohimHorticulture Crops Technology, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt0000-0001-6332-4318HassanEl-WakeelHorticulture Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams Univ., EgyptAhmedAbd El-HamidHorticulture Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams Univ., EgyptEman AAbd El-MoniemHorticulture Crops Technology, National Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200829The impact of nano silver & nano chitosan particles on sterilization, nano Fe and Zn on callus formation of immature inflorescence of date palm cv. Barhee during the establishment stage was investigated with immersion and adding to MS culture medium.Thelowest total contamination percentage and the highest survival percentage were achieved with nano silver particles at200 mg/l, and nano chitosan at 150, and 200 mg/l. The lowest contamination %recorded in medium culture containing silver nanoparticles at 4mg/l with NAA at 100mg/l and chitosan nanoparticles at 4 mg/l with 2,4-D at 100 mg/l. The optimum callus formation percentage and callus size were obtained on MS medium supplemented with picloram at 8 mg/l. The highest callus weight and size were showed with NAA at 10 mg/l, 2ip at 6mg/l & Kin at 6 mg/l during callus proliferation. In multiplication stage, the highest number of shoot / culture were occurred on MS medium culture supplemented with Fe nano particles at 20.8 mg/l , MS medium culture supplemented by Fe nano particles at 27.8 mg/l and Zn nano particles at 4.3 mg/l in the first subculture without any significant differences among them. The highest average shoot length (cm) was obtained with MS medium containing Fe nano particles at 27.8 mg/l, MS medium supplemented by Fe nano particles at 20.8 mg/l and Zn nano particles at 4.3 mg/l in the first subculture without any significantly differences among them. Interaction between cytokinins and auxin concentration, indicated, the highest number of shoots / culture were achieved with NAA at 2.0 mg/l, 2ip at 4 mg/l, kin at 4mg/l during the 1 st, 2 nd & 3 rd subcultures, respectively. The highest rooting percentage and number of roots/ microshoots were obtained with MS containing NAA at 0.5 mg/l. The highest survival percentages in acclimatization stage were occurred with medium mixtures of sand: peat: vermiculite: perlite at (1:2: 1:1) and (2: 1: 1:1), respectively.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Evaluation of Microbial Community in Wastewater Treatment Plant using qRT-PCR Protocol1159116612153410.21608/ajs.2020.44223.1266ENSawsan YElateekGenetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-3156-2132AbanobSabryFormer biotechnology student in Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, EgyptMahmoudMagdyGenetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-6815-6306Journal Article20200927Recycling treated wastewater is considered one of the most critical sectors in recycling. Its benefit fell beyond the disposability of sewage flow that extends to the possibility of reusing the water. Wastewater treatment in any system depends exclusively on maximizing the activity of the microbial community. Wastewater samples were collected from two systems under the same administration in one of the largest wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the Middle East (Al-Jabal Al-Asfar). Five major collection points for the daily assessment of the plant were used for collecting samples. In this study, real-time quantification polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to quantify the microbial community to evaluate the two treatment systems in the plant. Based on the results, the microbial community in each of the five major points from both systems was quantified based on the linear model produced from qRT-PCR. One of the two systems was active and efficient, in contrast to the other, which lacked profound control over the treatment. The current study suggests the routine usage of qRT-PCR as a crucial molecular genetics technique to evaluate the microbial community within the wastewater to ensure reliable and efficient treatment of the raw sewage. The study recommends the full assessment of the inactive system within the plant, encouraging the usage of compatible microbes to enrich and activate the returned activated sludge (RAS) for better performance.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Economic Return of Recycling the Most Important Field Crop Wastes in Egypt (Case Study of Qalyubia Governorate)89391612181710.21608/ajs.2020.40453.1242ENFatma AhmedElbatehDepartment of Agriculture Economic, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohoe, EGYPT0000-0001-6137-5269Journal Article20200824The agricultural sector occupies an important position in the Egyptian economy. Agricultural development requires achieving the highest levels of economic efficiency in agricultural production to achieve the highest return at the lowest possible costs. Therefore, recycling agricultural waste and reusing it increases the economic efficiency of producing those crops and increases the total agricultural income in general. The amount of plant agricultural wastes under consideration, namely (maize wood, rice straw, and Wheat hay) in the Qalyubia Governorate during the year 2019/2020 is estimated 412.1 thousand tons, representing about 86% of the total waste in the governorate. Other wastes resulted from the low environmental awareness of the majority of farmers and thus wasting an additional source of agricultural income in addition to the environmental pollution that costs the state huge sums of money annually. The research has adopted in its data two sources, the primary data obtained from the questionnaire forms and the published and unpublished secondary data.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Growth and Lipid Productivity of Green Microalgae1105111512278710.21608/ajs.2020.42530.1260ENMarwaMoussaDepartment of Radiation Microbiology, National Center of Radiation and Research Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), P.O. Box 29, Nasr City 11787, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-2540-367XMervatAbo-StateDepartment of Radiation Microbiology, National Center of Radiation and Research Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), P.O. Box 29, Nasr City 11787, Cairo, EgyptAhmedAbdelhafezDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200914In the present research, the impact of exposing cultures of Chlamydomonas sp., Scenedesmus ecornis, and S. communis microalgae to doses of gamma-rays (γ-ray) on their growth and the productivity of lipids was investigated. Biomass concentration (g L-1) of each microalga was periodically determined after exposure to a range of gamma irradiation doses of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 200, and 300 Gray (Gy) through 20 days of cultivation period. Then, the lipid content (%) and lipid productivity (mg L-1 day-1) of each species were also evaluated. Obtained results indicated that the S. ecornis growth was positively affected by gamma irradiation, that the maximum concentration of biomass was obtained after 15 days at 1.32 g L-1 by the irradiated S. ecornis exposed to a dose of 300 Gy while the non-irradiated culture achieved up to 1.10 g L-1. On the other hand, the growths of Chlamydomonas sp. and S. communis were significantly reduced by gamma irradiation treatment also significant variations have also been observed in the levels of lipid content and lipid productivity of each microalga. Irradiated S. ecornis at a dose of 300 Gy exhibited the maximum of lipid content percentage and lipid productivity to reach 28.4% and 24.9 mg L-1 day-1, respectively. Conversely, the best yields of lipid content and lipid productivity were achieved by a non-irradiated culture of S. communis (24.4% and 16.6 mg L-1 day-1, respectively), compared to irradiated culture, regardless of irradiation dose. The highest lipid content and lipid productivity gained by Chlamydomonas sp. were obtained by the cultures exposed to 25 Gy, being 27.3% and 21.3 mg L-1 day-1, respectively. In conclusion, results indicated that exposing cells of S. ecornis and Chlamydomonas sp. to specific doses of γ-rays has significantly stimulated lipid accumulation in cells, unlike S. communis which was negatively affected by gamma irradiation.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Effect of Some Plant Extracts on Hyperprolactinemia in Experimental Animals1031103912304210.21608/ajs.2020.42098.1253ENAnanMohamedAgricultural Biochemistry Dept.,
Faculty of Agriculture,
Ain Shams Univ.,
Egypthttps://orcid.org/00Magde FTawfikAgricultural Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, EgyptHemmat AIbrahimAgricultural Biochemistry Dept.,
Faculty of Agriculture,
Ain Shams Univ.,
EgyptFarouk GMoawadAgricultural Biochemistry Dept.,
Faculty of Agriculture,
Ain Shams Univ.,
EgyptJournal Article20200908Hyperprolactinaemia is the occurrence of an endocrine disorder that leads to an increase in the level of the hormone prolactin (PRL) in the blood above normal levels in cases other than the natural increase in pregnancy and lactation. It may be present as the menstrual disturbances, galactorrhea, sexual dysfunction, gynecomastia, infertility, decreased bone mineral density, and breast cancer. This increase results from several causes that may be pathological such as pituitary tumors, psychological such as stress, or as a result of taking a specific drug such as schizophrenia, anti-vomiting drugs, nerve analgesics, first-generation antipsychotics, hypnotics, and sedatives. Hyperprolactinaemia by metoclopramide was induced in male and female rats to assess the therapeutic effects of alcoholic extracts of sage leaves, marjoram leaves and celery seeds. Through the biochemical analysis of blood hormones, the results showed that treating rats with metoclopramide drug (150 mg / kg / day) for a week had an effect on the positive control group in the occurrence of hyperprolactinaemia compared to the negative control group at the beginning of the experiment. The results indicated that there was a significant effect (P<0.05) for the three plant extracts namely marjoram leaves, sage leaves and celery seeds ( 250 mg / kg / day) for 30 days, to reduce the prolactin hormone in the blood and also to maintain the level of the rest of the sex hormones (progesterone (PRG), estrogen (E2), testosterone (TST), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)) without causing any disturbance in males and females in comparison to the group of drug used in the experiment. To treat this condition bromocriptine (Dopamine receptors agonist) is used. The rats returned to normal case after the appearance of the rats’ recovery after taking the extracts during the trial period. This effect may be due to estrogen receptors and /or dopamine receptorAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201A Study of the Procedures and Standards of Occupational Safety and Health for Agricultural Extension Workers in the Agricultural Sector in Qalyubia Governorate97198812320310.21608/ajs.2020.40512.1243ENRehabAmerDepartment of Rural Society and Agricultural Extension0000-0002-8165-9995SalahAmerDepartment of Rural Society and Agricultural Extension - Faculty of Agriculture - Ain Shams UniversitySamia AbdelazimMahrousRural Sociology &amp; Agric. Extension, Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.Journal Article20200825The current research aimed to identify the risks that confront the agricultural extension workers researched in the work environment, as well as to identify the degree to which the researched extension workers apply safety and occupational health standards and procedures in the agricultural sector from the point of view of the guides researched in their work, as well as to identify the related and influencing factors on the degree of application of agricultural extension agents. Respondents for standards and procedures for occupational safety and health in the agricultural sector. The most important results of this research are summarized as follows: About (52%) of the interviewed agricultural extension workers fall into a low implementation level for occupational safety and health measures and standards, meaning that more than half of the respondents have a low executive level, which reflects the severity of their need to conduct training courses in the field of occupational safety and health, as well as the necessity The interest of the agricultural sector in applying safety and occupational health measures and standards to maintain the safety of workers within the sector. There is a positive and significant correlation relationship at the probability level 0.01 between the degree of application of the researched agricultural extension workers to the procedures and standards of occupational safety and health in the agricultural sector and the job specialization, the duration of work in the agricultural sector, job satisfaction, the trend towards training, achievement motivation, and the number of working hours, and that There is an inverse relationship between the degree of application of occupational safety and health measures and the duration of the agricultural extension work, training courses in the agricultural sector, the extent of utilization of information sources.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Antibacterial Bioactivity of Some Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Various Egyptian Products1117113012423710.21608/ajs.2020.38231.1236ENAmirKamelDepartment of Radiation Microbiology, National Center of Research and Radiation Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.0000-0003-0142-7789AzharEl-SayedDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.BothainaYoussefDepartment of Radiation Microbiology, National Center of Research and Radiation Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.ShaimaaAminDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200810The current research aimed to isolate and screening of antibacterial bioactive lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from different foods such as raw milk, dairy products and fermented meat and evaluate their potential for production of antibacterial substances, namely bacteriocins. Ten samples were collected from different market foods, examined and used for LAB isolation on MRS medium. A total of 71 bacterial isolates were selected based on some variation properties, such as color, shape, size and oxygen requirements. These isolates were confirmed as lactic acid bacteria based on their microscopic observation and chemical properties, i.e. catalase negative and acid producing from glucose fermentation. All selected isolates were grown on MRS medium at 37ºC for 48 h, and compared to identified LAB strains, i.e. Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Befidobacterium sp, Lactobacillus casi, Lb rhamnosus, Lb. acidophilus, Lb. helveticus and Lb. plantarum. Isolates and strains were surveyed for bacteriocin production as inhibitory activity test. Partial purification of bacteriocin was carried out by salt precipitation method; this method was done by ammonium sulphate 40-60% saturation and centrifuged at 9500 rpm for 20 minutes at 4ºC. Some of microbial indicator strains found to test by inhibitory biological activity substance (partial purification of bacteriocin) produced by lactic acid cultures. Indicator strains such as staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and others were grown by nutrient agar at 37º C for 24h. An inhibitory activity test was executed by paper diffusion method. The inhibition effect was examined by form clear inhibition zone around indicator strains. Twenty-eight isolates and the 8 LAB strains showed bioactivities against the tested pathogens. Gram positive indicator bacteria were found to be the most sensitive to inhibitory substances produced by LAB culture as compared to gram negative indicator strains. Staphylococcus aureus was exhibited the highest sensitivity to it. The highest bacteriocins activities were produced by strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus while R5 and S6 from LAB isolates. They were shown broad spectrum against gram positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Diameters of inhibition zone refer to degree of sensitive between indicator strains and bacteriocin activityAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201An Economic and Indicative Analysis of Fish Production from Bardawil Lake1005102912465010.21608/ajs.2020.48213.1287ENAshraf SMYounessHuman Development and Economics Dept, Faculity of Fish Resources, Suez Univ, P.B. Box 43221, Suez, Egypt0000-0003-4137-4343Soliman AEAyashDepartment of Economics and Rural Development - Faculty of Environmental Agriculture - University of Al-ArishJournal Article20201103The research problem is summarized in the fluctuation of fish quantity produced from Bardwell Lake and inability of the fishing units to achieve the most profitable production despite the increase in the number of fishing boats. The study mainly aimed to conduct an economic and indicative analysis of fish production from Bardwell Lake. To achieve this objective the study was divided into the following subgoals: studying the seasonal fluctuations in production, the factors affecting fish production within the study sample, estimating the costs of marine fish caught in season 2019, studying the problems and obstacles facing fishermen and establishing a proposed visualization for developing Bardwell Lake. The research relied on achieving its goals by using statistical simple and multiple methods i.e. linear and cubic forms to study each of seasonality of production, the most important factors affecting fish production in Bardwell Lake, and estimating the production costs of fishing units used in fish production. A surplus production model, "Schaeffer," was used to estimate the optimum catch size. The study reached the following results: The annual production of the fishing unit increases with increasing the number of fishing boats, the volume of labor on the fishing vessel, the depth of the water column, the number of hours per fishing and the number of years of experience of the fisherman. Although the fishing units operating in Bardwell Lake achieve profits, these units do not produce the optimum production volume.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Synergistic Effect of Some Post-harvest Treatments and Passive Modified Atmosphere Packaging Conditions on Cold Storability of "Canino "Apricot Fruits1225124412513310.21608/ajs.2020.47741.1286ENSamah INasrHigher Institute of Agriculture Co-Operation, Egypt45789700026700000Journal Article20201031The effect of some post-harvest treatments including salicylic acid (SA), Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and antioxidants combined with two passive modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) as a supplementary cold storage treatments to extend storability and reduce chilling injury symptoms of Canino apricot (Prunus armeniaca) during storage at 1 ± 1 ºC for 21 days followed by 5 days at 18 ± 2 ºC as a marketing condition simulation, was evaluated during 2018 and 2019 seasons. Physical properties, greatly affected with both factors of study. The great effect in this respect was obtained with 1 mM SA and 0.4% PEG plus polypropylene film as type of passive modified atmosphere during cold storage and marketing period. These treatments affected by decreasing discarded %, chilling injury (scale) and weight loss %, whereas fruit firmness were highest values. Packed apricots of polypropylene film and treated by 0.4% PEG, 1.0 mM SA and combined of ascorbic and citric acids (1:0.5) significantly promote fruit quality properties , increased TSS, phenols and carotenoides components values and decreased total acidity values, in addition, it reduces the decrease in the ascorbic acid content . Also, were more effective in increasing activity of peroxidase and catalase enzymes, in addition to reducing electrolyte leakage values and respiration rate. Controlling chilling injury, minimizing electrolyte leakage, respiration rate and protected cell walls as well as improve enzymes activity are considered a good indicators to increase storage longevity and high quality. So, it could be suggested that, salicylic acid at 1.0 mM or Polyethylene Glycol at 0.4 % and packed with passive modified atmosphere (polypropylene film,) were more effective in reducing fruit losses, decay `and keeping quality of “Canino” apricot fruits through cold storage at 1 ± 1 ºC for 21 days followed by 5 days at 18 ± 2 ºC as a marketing condition simulation.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Possibilities and Implications for Reducing lossand Spoilage of the Egyptian Tomato Crop91793212610010.21608/ajs.2020.48931.1291ENDoaa AhmedMohamedAgric. Economic Dept., Fac, Agric., Ain Shams Univ.0000-0002-1079-8963WaheedMogahedAgric Economic Dept, Faculty of Agric, Ain Shams UnivSanaaElnobyDept. of Econ., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams UnivJournal Article20201109The agricultural sector is considered one of the most important sectors that play an important role in the national economy, and self-reliance in producing local needs of agricultural and food commodities is one of the main goals that all countries hope to reach, but the limited production capacity due to the limited cultivated areas is an obstacle to access. For this goal. The agricultural development policy in Egypt is based on two main pillars, namely vertical development and horizontal development, through increasing feddan productivity and expanding land reclamation. However, these policies did not concern themselves with the problem of waste despite its significant increase in its size, but it is clearly visible in the developing countries to which it belongs To the Arab Republic of Egypt, as a result of the lack of technical means through which this waste can be reduced to a minimum, and this research highlights the losses that occur, and evaluates their size, and moreover, it identifies the causes of food loss and possible ways to reduce it, and the research aims Knowing the main features of tomato production, studying the loss during the production and marketing stages, and identifying the causes of loss in each stage and the size of what it represents in the productivity of the feddan. The research found that about 25% of the field study sample that the loss and damage of agricultural crops are disposed of from During the culling of the crop and throwing it into the waste, about 35% of them sell spoiled crops (losing quality), while the research found that about 20% of the field study results in converting the lost and damaged products to other products, and about 20% of the study sample show that the disposal of the lost and damaged is through its execution. The research recommended the necessity of strengthening the food supply chains in Egypt by encouraging small farmers to organize, diversify and increase their production and market their products. In addition to the necessity to encourage investment in marketing infrastructure, packaging, services, transportation and food industries, as well as increase the role of the private sector in implementing these recommendations to reduce waste, from the public and private sectors.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201The Production and Economic Efficiency of Flax in the Gharbia Governorate989100412653710.21608/ajs.2020.50612.1303ENGaberAbdullahDepartment of Economics, Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Egypt0000-0002-8827-6014MustafaElsadanyAgricultural economics
Damanhour University, EgyptEhabAl-DahlishAgricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, EgyptAliAbdel RazekAgricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, EgyptJournal Article20201121The research problem addressed by this research is the decline in the area cultivated with flax in Egypt from about 24,146 thousand feddan in the average period (2000-2004) to about 8.905 thousand feddan in the average period (2013-2018), or about 63%, which resulted in the existence of A large gap, ranging between 50-60%, between the domestic production of flax oil and the domestic consumption of it is being filled by imports from abroad in hard currency, as well as the decline in Egyptian exports of flax fibers. The research aimed mainly at the economic analysis of the efficiency of the use of resources used in the production of flax in the study sample in Gharbia Governorate and to identify the most important production and marketing obstacles that the study sample farmers were exposed to in order to develop a perception of how to achieve the horizontal expansion of this crop. The results of the study indicate a decline in the cultivated area and the feddan productivity of flax straw and the feddan productivity of its seed during the period (2000 - 2018) by 6.1%, 1.2% and 1.2% for each, respectively. As revealed from the results of the study sample in Gharbia Governorate in 2018, the net yield per feddan of flax at the level of the study sample amounted to 5858.78 pounds, and in the first holding category reached about 4426.5 pounds, in the second category about 5689.76 pounds, and in the third holding category about 7460.09 pounds, which reflects the effect of holding capacity on Increase the net revenue per feddan, as it was found that the rate of return for costs in each of the holding categories was about 0.366, 0.469, and 0.620 each of them, respectively. The estimation of the flax production functions of the study sample in the first holding capacity showed that the most important factors affecting the feddan yield of flax are the amount of seeds, the amount of phosphate fertilizer, and the amount of human labor, where the productive elasticity of each of them reached about 0.673, 0.283, and 0.206, respectively, as it reached The total productive elasticity of that capacity is about 1,162, which indicates an increase in the return to capacity, meaning that production in that capacity is in the first stage of production, which is the non-economic stage, and it requires an increase in the size of the stages to reach the second economic stage. The effect on productivity per feddan is the amount of human labor, the amount of automatic work, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of seeds, where the productive elasticity of each of them was about 0.462, 0.313, 0.103, and 0.764 respectively, the total productive elasticity of the estimated function reached about 0.016, which indicates the increasing yield Capacity, which also indicates that the production process for that capacity has approached the second stage, which is the economic stage of production. As it appears from the production functions of the third holding capacity that the most influencing factors on the feddan productivity are the amount of seed, the amount of automated work, the amount of human labor and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, where the productive elasticity for each of them reached about 0.771, 0.263, 0.243, and 0.99, respectively, The total elasticity of the estimated function is about 0.891, which indicates diminishing returns to capacity in that holding capacity, indicating that production in that stage takes place in the second stage, which is the economic stage of production.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Reproductive and Population Parameters of Empoasca Decipiens Paoli (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on Different Host Plants1271128112711910.21608/ajs.2020.44847.1270ENAdnanDarwishDepartment of plant protection, Faculty og Agriculture, Damanhour Univ., Egypt0000-0001-8342-9985Journal Article20201003Knowing the reproductive and population parameters (life table parameters) of a particular insect pest is very essential to develop integrated pest management strategy for this insect pest. In this study, life table parameters of the leafhopper, Empoasca decipiens (Paoli) (Hemiptera - Cicadellidae) were calculated on four different host plants viz., potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) and zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). The results showed that, the net reproduction rates were 18.77, 38.3, 30.63 and 27.27 offspring/ female / generation on cotton, common bean, potato and zucchini squash, respectively. The intrinsic rates of increase (rm) were 0.15, 0.19, 0.149 and 0.186 female-1 day-1 with finite rates of increase of 1.16, 1.21, 1.16 and 1.21 females / female / day on cotton, common bean, potato and zucchini squash, respectively. The values of both of mean generation time and corrected generation time were highest for leafhopper insect reared on potato plant compared with those which reared on other three host plants. While the require times to duplicate the population (TD) were 4.6041, 3.6597, 4.661 and 3.727 days on cotton, common bean, potato and zucchini squash, respectively. The annual rates of increase of E. decipiens were obtained as 7.28x1023, 1.05x1030, 3.71x1023 and 3.03x1029 and it further reveal that the population would multiply 23, 30, 23 and 29 times in a year on each of on cotton, common bean, potato and zucchini squash, respectively. On another hand, the calculated birth rates were 0.185, 0.225, 0.171 and 0.224 while the intrinsic death rates were 0.0347, 0.035, 0.022 and 0.038 in the four host plants cotton, common bean, potato and zucchini squash, respectively. The mean durations (day) of E. decipiens nymphal instars on the four different hosts were studied. The duration of nymphal instars was significantly different from host plant to another.. The nymphal stage of E. decipiens was completed in 11.04, 13.75, 12.28 and 13.37 days on common bean, cotton, squash and potato, respectively.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Enhancing Tomato Plant Resistance Against Tobacco Mosaic Virus Using Riboflavin1257127012760710.21608/ajs.2020.49235.1293ENFaridaMahmoudPlant Pathology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams Univ., Egypt0000-0001-8219-3333AhmedBondokPlant Pathology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams Univ., Egypt0000-0002-2375-2956WalaaKhalifaPlant Pathology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams Univ., EgyptFawzyAbou AbbasPlant Pathology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams Univ., EgyptJournal Article20201122Plant systemic resistance induced by natural product is an alternative technique of disease management. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) usually used as abiotic elicitor to improve the plant immunity against different pathogens. This work aimed to explore the efficiency of three riboflavin concentrations (0.5, 2.5, and 5 mM) to enhance resistance toward Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) in tomato plants. Our results showed that exogenous application of 2.5mM riboflavin, 5 days before virus challenge was the most effective concentration, which provided a reduction in disease incidence and disease severity by 80% and 75%, respectively. Furthermore, obtained results were confirmed by using DAS-ELISA test, which showed that concentration 2.5 mM of riboflavin decreased the virus concentrations by 46.4% in treated- inoculated plants. It was remarked that exogenous application of 2.5 mM riboflavin showed a positive effect on some plant growth parameters either in presence or absence of TMV challenge. The plant height and number of leaves per plant were significantly improved in treated- inoculated plants about 30% and in compared to the infected control 78%. In time course investigation, 2.5mM riboflavin treatment reduced the virus symptoms particularly at 9th day, where after the symptoms become evident. In addition, expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and pathogenesis-related protein (PR10), which are the markers of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), were rapidly increased in inoculated-treated tomato from 1-3 days after treatment. Moreover, the results of the biochemical changes analysis revealed that, the levels of the defense markers including peroxidase (PO), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were increased four days after of treatment and reached maximum levels at 8 days in the treated- inoculated plants. In conclusion, it could be suggesting that riboflavin exerted a great influence on TMV disease, as indicated by reduction of disease symptoms as well as enhancement of biochemical changes in plant defense against infection with TMV.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Statistical Estimation for Supply Response for Orange and Grape Crops in Egypt93394712800410.21608/ajs.2020.49773.1296ENRaniaHefzyAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.0000-0003-1207-8617Thanaa AhmedElnobyDept. of Econ., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams UnivMohamed FaragKhallafFood Science Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.Journal Article20201114Egypt's oranges and grapes are among the most important fruit varieties exported and manufactured in Egypt, where the quantities produced by orange and grape plants contribute about 77% of the fruit industries produced in Egypt. The farmer predicts future prices and on the basis of his farming plan. The study aims to perform a function of the orange and grape shears to achieve the appropriate method. The research was based on the methods of meta-analysis and the most important of its various forms is the estimation factor of the simple and multiple slope function in its various forms, the general direction equation, and the logarithm images. The study found that the total area of oranges increased at a growth rate of about 4.1% during the period 2000-2017, and the productive area increased at a growth rate of about 3% during the same period. With the general time trend of the productive area of grapes in Egypt during the period 2000-2017, it is clear that the average productive area of grapes reached 157.28 thousand feddans during the study period, ranging from a minimum of 129.69 thousand feddans in 2000 to a maximum of 198.91 thousand feddans in 2002. Egypt's average grape crop production is about 1.44 million tons, ranging from a minimum of about 1.08 million tons in 2000 to a maximum of 1.81 million tons in 2002. The response to the Orange offer showed that by increasing the area grown in the previous year, the area grown the following year by 522,000 feddans, and by increasing the price of oranges the previous year, the area grown the following year by 94 GnF/ton. The study found the expansion of the cultivated areas of fruit, improved production methods and increased manufacturing capabilities that would benefit the national economy. Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201New Approaches to Improve the Attractiveness and Consumption of Rattus norvegicus for Forges Mixed with Grinded Land Snail, Eobania vermiculata, in Addition To 4-Ethyl Phenol Substance1283129413227710.21608/ajs.2020.46604.1280ENMoamen AElbathPlant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, ,Benha Univ., Moshtohor Toukh, Qaluobia, EGYPT.0000-0002-7587-2044Essam AMahmoudPlant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, ,Benha Univ., Moshtohor Toukh, Qaluobia, EGYPT.Ghada RMohmedPlant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, ,Benha Univ., Moshtohor Toukh, Qaluobia, EGYPT.Journal Article20201016This study was carried out to clarifyThe beneficial and safe use of the Eobania vermiculata, which is considered an agricultural pest, to improve the attractiveness and consumption of Rattus norvegicus for baits by adding it to the bait alone or mixed with other materials, as it is an available method, cheap and easy to obtain and use, which ultimately leads to the use of less than rats pesticides in baits, thus increasing the safety ratio for other organisms. the effect of adding Eobania vermiculata ground to improve the properties of baits used against different ages of Rattus norvegicus (immature males and females, mature males and females, pregnant and lactating females). Obtained results confirmed that this addition of ground snail had a clear and effective effect on the attractiveness of the bait for all tested ages as the number of visits and the time spent next to the baits were increased. Different concentrations (10, 15 and 20%) of grinded E. vermiculata were mixed with the formulated feed of R. norvegicus. Our results showed that there was a positive relationship between the increasing in concentration and the amount of bait consumption by all tested ages. The effect of 4-ethyl phenol and E. vermiculata on the properties of rat's baits was compared. The higher effect on attractiveness was recorded for 4-ethyl phenol, but the mature male and female of R. norvegicus rats preferred feeding more on the snail baits. Formulated feed baits with 20% E. vermiculata ground were mixed with 1 and 2.5% of 4-ethyl phenol, this led to positive results as the amount of food consumed increased compared to the control, but when the concentration of this substance increased to 5%, this led to decreasing in consumption from baits for male and female individuals. An analysis was made of some of the chemical components of E. vermiculata, and it was found that it contains large amounts of protein, carbohydrates, sugars and calcium.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Yield of Tomato Crop Irrigated with Untreated Industrial Sewage Effluent and Remediated with Potassium Silicate and Compost Applications1167117615773910.21608/ajs.2020.27800.1192ENRanaAbo-NofalEnvironmental Pollution, Plant Ecology and rang Dept., Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.0000-0002-1006-8864Eman ADiabEnvironmental Pollution, Plant Ecology and rang Dept., Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.MohamedHashimHorticulture Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams Univ., EgyptMohamed ZElshinawyHorticulture Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams Univ., EgyptHany GAbd El-GawadHorticulture Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams Univ., Egypt0000-0002-4565-0969Journal Article20200412An experiment was conducted for the two successive seasons of 2017 and 2018 to investigate the deleterious effect of irrigating tomato plants with untreated industrial waste water and the possible ameliorating effects of compost and potassium silicate applications on the growth and production of the grown plants. Tomato seedlings of hybrid K186 were transplanted at the four-true leaf stage and irrigated with untreated waste effluent. Compost was applied during the soil preparation at rates of 0 (control), 10, 20, and 30 m3 /feddan. Potassium silicate was sprayed on the plants three times; at 20, 40 and 60 days after transplanting in the concentrations of 0 (control), 3, 4 and 5 cm3 /l. Results revealed that vegetative growth and fruit yield of treated plants were increased by increasing compost and potassium silicate rates compared by the control (without compost and potassium silicate).The interaction effect of the treatment showed an added effect of both treatments on all measured parameters. Plant length, number of leaves and number of branches increased as the application rate of compost and potassium silicate increased. Similarly, SPAD readings showed similar positive and significant trend. In the contrary, contents of Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd and Mnresponded negatively and significantly to the interaction effect of the treatments showing the highest effect with the treatment 5 cm3 potassium silicate associated with 30 m3 compost application compared to the control. Similar to the positive effect on vegetative growth, the positive additive effect of both treatments was clear on total fruit yield where the highest effect was recorded with the treatment combining the highest rate of application of both potassium silicate and compost. It could be concluded that potassium silicate and compost applications can ameliorate the harmful effects of heavy metals in the soil.Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267528420201201Development of a Small-Scale Electromechanical Mobile Fish Feeder1077108815793310.21608/ajs.2020.40002.1241ENRashadHegazyAgricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt0000-0003-1266-400XAtefElsebaayAgricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, EgyptMonaKassemAgricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt0000-0003-0100-2895Journal Article20200823The aim of the present study was to develop and test a simple small-scale electromechanical mobile fish feeder to control feeding in indoor or outdoor fish ponds. Fish feeder spreader consists of a solid frame, fish feed hopper, distributing disc with spreading fins, transmission system and electrical components. The electrical components include the rotational speed motor, distribution switch box, battery, dosage bar release motor, and transmission system dc brushed motors. Analysis and evaluation of distribution pattern of fish feed done under two different spreading disk rotational speeds of 1000 and 1250 rpm (17.3 and 21.6 ms-1), two feed outlet control slide settings for fish feed rate and three different fish feed types. The developed prototype can achieve 4.9 and 5.8 kg/min distribution rate of fish feed type 1 (sizes from 1 to 2 mm and average bulk density of 530 kg m-3) under two distribution disc rotational speed of 1000 rpm and 1250 rpm respectively. Variation on distribution of feed material type 1 in both sides of the developed prototype was 8.4 and 14.7 % for disk rotational speed 1000 rpm and 1250 rpm respectively with at most good distribution pattern. Feed distribution uniformity for feed type 2 (sizes from 2 to 3 mm and average bulk density of 720 kg m-3) was much better compare to the distribution pattern of feed type. Where, there was variation on distribution of feed material type 2 in both sides of the developed prototype by 3.5 and 3.11 % for disk rotational speed 1000 rpm and 1250 rpm respectively under outlet slide settings 2. Even with outlet slide settings 2 (only half of the outlet opening), distribution of feed material type 2 in both sides of the developed prototype was better and recorded 2.21 and 2.61 % for disk rotational speed 1000 rpm and 1250 rpm respectively. Using fish feed material with size bigger than 3 mm will lead to uneven distribution using current developed prototype.