Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EFFECT OF ASCORBATE, SALICYLATE AND SILICATE ON POTATO PLANT UNDER WATER DEFICIT STRESS CONDITIONS1154306210.21608/ajs.2019.43062ENAmal A.MostafaPlant Genetic Resources Dept., Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.Sarwat M.I.Agric. Biochemistry Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyak, 11241,Cairo, Egypt.Dawlat A.SalamaAgric. Biochemistry Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyak, 11241,Cairo, Egypt.H. A.SallamPlant Genetic Resources Dept., Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20181009The effect of different concentrations of ascorbate (As) at 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mM, salicylate (Sa) at 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mM , in addition to silicate (Si) at 0, 100, 250, and 500 ppm on potato plant subjected to different water regimes; three days interval (control), four days interval (4DI) and five days interval (5DI). Photosynthetic pigments, free proline and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, and plant dry matter percentage were determined. Also, tuber yield was recorded and the percentage of tuber dry matter was determined. Water deficit resulted in significant reduction in tuber yield, plant dry matter percentage beside significant increase in free proline and MDA contents. Meanwhile, effects on photosynthetic pigments content and tuber dry matter were inconsistent. The effects of using different concentrations of ascorbate (As) under water deficit provide a superior effect of As at 0.25 mM. Data revealed that ascorbate treatment enhanced tuber yield by improved Chl (a and b) and carotenoids content, with a promoted reduction in free proline content and MDA. Salicylate (Sa) treatment under water deficit exhibited partial enhancement in photosynthetic pigments; where, Sa (1.0 mM) increased Chl a under all water regimes and Chl b at control and 4DI water regimes. While Sa (0.5 mM) improved carotenoids content at 5DI water regimes. The positive effect of salicylate on tuber yield was obvious only at 5DI water regime; as salicylate concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mM) enhanced tuber yield by 65.61, 21.8 and 33.33%. Data exhibited that these increments were concomitant with a <br /> reduction in free proline content and a slight increase in tuber dry matter. Interactive effects of Silicate (Si)/water deficit were variable with the concentration under the used water deficit regimes, where, Si (100 ppm), showed higher means of Chl (a and b) with a reduction in free proline contents, at both 4DI and 5DI. The higher tuber yield resulted only at 5DI. More pronounced effect, Si (250 ppm) exhibited increment of photosynthetic pigments, plant dry matter, tuber yield, along with slight reduction in MDA, particularly at 5DI. It could be concluded that silicate treatment alleviated water stress by improving carotenoids content, plant dry matter and reducing both free proline and MDA contents, which attributes enhancement in tuber yield under water deficit. Generally, lower concentrations of As, Sa and Si showed their benefits under higher water stress regimes. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43062_1f9e70f733b1333aaf8b959a02cb64b1.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS IN Moringa oliefera Lam. EXTRACTS ON CYTOTOXICITY OF MCF-7 CELL LINE17264306310.21608/ajs.2019.43063ENMarwa S.Abd El AlemMedicinal and Aromatic Plants Dept., Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptS. H.AliAgric. Biochemistry Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptM. I.SarwatAgric. Biochemistry Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptS. H.HusseinMedicinal and Aromatic Plants Dept., Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190218Moringa olifera Lam. which called "Miracle tree" was an enormous usage of medical, nutritional and economic benefits so its leaves and roots extracts were vitro examined for phytochemicals contents, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell line. Leaves and roots both extracts were estimate using 2,2-di phenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine phenolic and flavonoids compounds. The leaves aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts contained a significantly (p<0.05) more phenolic compounds than root extracts, while roots ethyl acetate extracts were significantly more active in DPPH assay comparing with aqueous extracts . However, the leaves aqueous extract and roots ethyl extracts were contained high values flavonoids compound but in case of phenolic compounds the aqueous roots ex tract recorded the greatest highest number followed by the leaves ethyl acetate extract. The ethyl acetate extractions for leaves and roots have a high inhibition percentage against breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell line comparing with aqueous extracts.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43063_17a716852b8cd50afca51cc87173e628.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EFFECT OF MEPIQUAT CHLORIDE AND POTASSIUM SOURCES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF PATATO PLANTS (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.)27354306410.21608/ajs.2019.43064ENAli S.M.H.Abo Al-NagaaAgric. Botany Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181021 <br /> In this study, Two field experiments were conducted in Ourabi operation Farm, Cairo-Ismaellia desert road at Kalubia Governorate. The experiment was carried out during the two seasons of 2013/2014 and 2015/2016, to investigate the effect of plant growth regulator (Mepiquat chloride) with three different potassium fertilizers sources [chemical potassium (KC), foliar potassium (KF) and rock potassium (KR)] on growth development and total yield in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Spunta) . Chemical potassium (control) with / without Mepiquat chloride achieved better plant height, no. of stem and leaf area/plant. Rock potassium with mepiquat chloride obtained the highest productivity of fresh and dry weights, total tuber yield and yield components (weight of tubers, size of tubers, diameter of tubers and number of tubers) following by foliar potassium with mepiquat chloride compared with control treatment.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43064_2a50121bb913b6a02000f302b598e6f8.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301IMPACT OF DROUGHT STRESS ON SOME GROWTH, BIOCHEMICAL AND ANATOMICAL PARAMETERS OF Thymus vulgaris L.37504306510.21608/ajs.2019.43065ENReham E.FaragBotany Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptOla. H.AbdelbarBotany Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptS. A.ShehataBotany Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180919Two pot experiments were conducted on the 17th and 11th of march during 2015 and 2016 growth seasons respectively at the greenhouse, Dept. Agric. Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Egypt to investigate the impact of drought stress on some growth, biochemical and anatomical parameters of Thymus vulgaris L. Plants were exposed to two different irrigation levels: 70-80% and 30-40% of water holding capacity (WHC) as well-irrigated and drought stressed plants respectively. The results indicated that all investigated growth parameters and leaf photosynthetic pigments were decreased significantly by exposing to drought stress. There were significant increase in the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as indicated by measuring of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA). A similar trend was observed in respect to osmolytes including proline, total soluble sugars and free amino acids. Also, drought stress increased significantly total soluble phenols and the specific activity of Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), whereas, no significant differences were detected in peroxidase (POD). The anatomical examination showed that there were several significant changes associated with water limited supply in the stem and leaf of plants.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43065_60725b8c14ba1b887221e84bf42d8588.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301BIOCHAR AS A STRATEGY TO ENHANCE GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT PLANT EXPOSED TO DROUGHT CONDITIONS51594306610.21608/ajs.2019.43066ENWesamMansourBotany Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
*B. B.M.SalimBotany Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
*S.Hussin S.Botany Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptM.Abd El-RassoulBotany Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180923Drought has become major environmental constraint to the crops productivity and the sustainability of agriculture. Recently, using biochar (BC) as a soil conditioner has aroused much interest and proved to be an effective tool for improving soil properties and crops growth and yield. Therefore, a pot trial was conducted using wheat plant (Triticum aestivum L.) with three water regimes (60, 30 and 15% of water holding capacity(WHC)) and three rates of biochar (0, 2%, and 5%) to investigate the impact of biochar on growth and yield components. The results showed that WHC enhanced in the presence of BC leading to improving the availability of water to wheat plants grown in BC-treated soil. Plants grown in BC-amended soil had higher growth and plant biomass, net assimilation rates than those in un-amended soil. Biochar addition positively affected wheat growth parameters including increases in leaf area, number of leaves per plant, tillers number per plant, height of plant as well as shoot to root fresh weight ratio. Particularly interesting is the improvements in yield attributes. These results led us to conclude that the application of black carbon would enhance the growth and yield of crops under insufficient water supply. On other hand, biochar can be considered an effective tool for sustainable agriculture and hence mitigating the injurious effects of drought conditions on plants.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43066_9cfbb9ed04ecbb171f69ba4df915ea42.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF SOME LOCAL AND IMPORTED EMITTERS TO IMPROVE THEIR HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE71754306710.21608/ajs.2019.43067ENAsmaa A.M.MohamedAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. 68 Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, Egypt.A. A.Abdel-AzizAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. 68 Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, Egypt.O. M.A.BederAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. 68 Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, Egypt.W. M.M.SoultanAgricultural Research & Drainage Research Laboratory, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190106Due to the climatic changes in Egypt, the remarkable population growth and the high demand for water, especially for irrigation water. To rationalize the use of irrigation water, it has been applied efficient irrigation systems such as trickle irrigation system for irrigating trees and plants by securing the least amount of water for the plant without wasting and saturation of the surrounding area. This study aims to evaluate the performance of some local and imported emitters. In this study, 16 emitters were used (9 imported emitters and 7 local emitters) divided into (9 non-pressure compensating and 7 pressure compensating), for evaluation under different operating pressures (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25 and 1.5 bar), in addition to measure the hydraulic performance of the manufacture's coefficient of variation (CV %), emitter flow variation ( %), and the emission uniformity (EU %). The results showed that the highest emission uniformity value for emitters of (OT1, OT2, KF, TKY, CKF and OT3), with discharge of (2) L / h non- pressure compensating (NPC), 4 l/h non-pressure compensating (NPC), 4 l / h pressure compensating (PC), 8 l/ h non- pressure compensating (NPC), 8 l / h pressure compensating (PC) and 16 l / h non-pressure compensating (NPC) respectively, while, the lowest manufacture's coefficient of variation value (CV%), emitter flow variation ( %) were used with 6 emitters in the second part of the laboratory experiment to evaluate the side lines under the length of the hoses (50, 75, 100 m) at a distance between the emitters (4 m), for the calculation of the emission uniformity (EU%), friction <br /> losses and consumption of power. From the last result in laboratory and through evaluation the 6 emitters under study in terms of prices and emission uniformity (EU%), a randomized field study was conducted on the farms where the three emitters (OT2, KF and OT1) under lateral length (50 m) and emitter spacing (4 m). The purpose of the field test was carried out to determine the degree of clogging throughout the operating period (after 2 and 4 years). A field test used an emitter (OT1, OT2 and KF) found for two months and has been used again for two years when farming in the farm was expanded and used four years ago by expanding the farm, the emitter (OT2) clogging ratio was 3.09% within two months, 6.95% within two years and 10.49% within 4 years, the emitter (OT1) clogging ratio was 5.26% within two months, 11.11% within two years and 17.64% within 4 years, the emitter (KF) clogging ratio was 6.83% within two months, 13.63% within two years and 20.96% within 4 years. The results showed that the lowest degree of clogging ratio of the emitter (OT2) was within two months of operation. In general, and as expected, the results indicate that clogging ratio increased with increasing the time of installation of the field emitter and the range of factors affecting the periodic maintenance and design of good and components of irrigation network with high quality and ratio of manufacture's coefficient of variation (CV%). https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43067_af1cdeed308d26a971a19c3d72c8e22c.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION BY USING SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR IN VERTICAL CLOSED SYSTEM FOR LETTUCE PRODUCTION77824306810.21608/ajs.2019.43068ENAyaa K.MoustafaAgricultural Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68-11241 Hadyek Shoubra, Cairo, EgyptU. A.El-BehairyHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptK. F.El–BagouryAgricultural Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68-11241 Hadyek Shoubra, Cairo, EgyptA. M.El-GindyAgricultural Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68-11241 Hadyek Shoubra, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180915 The experiment was held at the Arid land Agricultural graduate studies and Research Institute - Ain Shams University. A soil moisture sensor is designed and used for measuring and controlling soil moisture content in plant media. The device has been programmed and connected to three water-lifting pumps to operate them according to each treatment. A vertical system has been constructed using 18 columns of white square styrofoam pots filled with perlite (In-organic substrate). Three soil moisture content treatments were selected as T1 = 60 %, T2= 80%, and T3 = 100% which were controlled by the sensors. Solution tank filled with dissolved nutrient elements was used for supplying required water. Two types of lettuce (green and red) lettuce seedlings were planted in the perlite substrate and irrigated by drip irrigation system. The system was closed and was based on smart automatic drip irrigation system, Results revealed that, 556.5 liters of water was consumed under condition of T1 = 60 %, while 697.5 liters and 908.5 were consumed under condition of T2= 80 %, and T3 = 100% respectively After 47 days the Red lettuce yield (weight, number of leaves, and also weight of dry lettuce) was higher than green lettuce for all treatments. Yields of lettuce per system unit (4.5 m2) 16 kg/m2 and water use efficiency 26kg /m3 (Barbosa et al 2015) conventional production yielded 3.9 ± <br /> 0.21 kg/m2/y of lettuce produce, with water. Hydroponics offered 11±1.7 times higher yields but required 82±11 times more energy compared to conventionally produced lettuce. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43068_30f159e36eec8ea91e479607c178526f.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MODIFIED SURFACE IRRIGATION SYSTEM BASED ON A DEVELOPED EXPERT SYSTEM83924306910.21608/ajs.2019.43069ENBasma N.Abdeltawab. Agriculture Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, Egypt.A.M. M.El-GindyAgriculture Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, Egypt.Y. EArafaAgriculture Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20180816It is very difficult to find an expert at the desired time and place to give guidance about irrigation scheduling or good management of water and irrigation system. In this study, this problem was tried to be solved by designing and evaluating an expert system for a modified surface irrigation system. A rule-based program named as MSISES (Modified Surface Irrigation System by Expert System) was coded and complied using C#.net programing language. The expert system was designed to support users with information about irrigation scheduling (irrigation operating time and irrigation interval) and the gated pipes as one of the surface irrigation modification tools (gates opening ratio). Two different experiments were held to evaluate the performance of the developed expert system. The first one is to evaluate the irrigation scheduling part by cultivating a field crop (Sweet maize) to make a comparison between the crop yield and water productivity after applying the program’s scheduling and the farmer’s scheduling. The second one is to make a comparison between the fully opened gates situation and when the resulted gates opening ratio is applied. The results indicated that an increase at crop yield and crop water productivity by 9.49% and 32.37% respectively for sweet maize using the developed expert system, and also, there was a slight variation between gates discharges after using the expert system except the last four gates discharge were different because of the superimposed pressure near the closed end.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43069_5f2d29598fb6acd216444e7d167b1216.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301SOLAR POWERED IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR TURF AREA931034307010.21608/ajs.2019.43070ENManar E.Abdel-HakeemAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA. M.El GindyAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptY. E.ArafaAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA. A.HegaziAtomic Energy Authority, Nuclear Research Center, Soil and Water Dept., Inshas, Egypt.Journal Article20180910Solar water pumping system may be a competitive application for remote and luxurious areas where power costs a lot. One may argue that solar photovoltaic water pumping systems not only comprises an environmentally friendly solution, but also contributes substantially to the satisfaction of remote communities’ water consumption needs. Therefore, the study aimed to manage pump for sprinkler irrigation system operated by solar power in small area of turf. The required hydraulic experiment and measurements were conducted using Direct-coupled photovoltaic pumping system to operating sprinkler irrigation network at the experimental farm of soil and water Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, located at Inshas, Sharkia Governorate, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt. The essential idea to operate the sprinkler irrigation system and fulfill the water needs of turf area was to use a locally assembled pump-set to match the photovoltaic generator unsteady output. Results indicated that, solar radiation increased during summer (April and July), so the electric power, pump discharge, pressure head, Hydraulic horsepower (hp) and Photovoltaic conversion efficiency are affected as solar radiation changed. Four mathematical equations has been derived to illustrate the relationship between solar radiation and electric power, pump discharge pressure head , water hp and Photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PVCE) during the day hours. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43070_b73f091b7bd621dd8a43a8a77c3c4d72.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL MOISTURE IN THE ROOT ZONE OF TURF LANDSCAPE1051144307110.21608/ajs.2019.43071ENShahenda Y.El-BashaAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt000900356347062A. A.Abdel-AzizAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, EgyptO. M.BedairAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, EgyptM. M.AklMathematic and Engineering Physics Dept., Fac. of Engineering, Banha Univ., EgyptJournal Article20181114Field experiment was carried out on one of the turf (lawn) , category (Passpalm 10) to study the effect of irrigation systems on soil moisture distribution in the root zone. Experimental plot area was (4.5*4.5 ), soil media used was sandy soil and three treatments (spray, sub surface drib irrigation (SDI) , hydrogel) irrigation and every treatment replicated three times . Results of this research could be summarized as follows: Annual water consumption was less by 77.3%, 71.3% when using hydrogel material, compared with other irrigation systems (spray, and SDI) resp. , this is due to the quantity of loss water from evaporation in spray irrigation treatment , where evaporation parameters are more effective than the others (SDI, hydrogel) irrigation treatments. The hydrogel treatment has highest water saving by 170% ,300% compared with (SDI and spray) irrigation treatments , because the hydrogel's ability to hold water and has a large period between irrigation when using hydrogel in the soil . The SDI treatment has highest electrical saving by 520% ,55% compared with (spray and hydrogel ) irrigation treatments resp. The turf quality index (color, density, ground cover ) give high degree at hydrogel treatment compared with others, this is due to the hydrogel has many materials , both nat<br /> urally occurring and synthetic and ability of water saving around root zone of turf . The average of soil moisture contents at (10cm and 15cm) depth of soil under hydrogel treatment was highest compared with (Spray and SDI) irrigation systems resp. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43071_c8711d50209b750b55fc7b8b33b13ce9.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301ELECTRONIC VISION AND USES IN AUTOMATIC HANDLING OF AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS1151214307210.21608/ajs.2019.43072ENAl-Shaymaa M.R.Abdel-ZaherAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptM. N.AwadyAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptE. S.El SahharAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190203Sorting machines of fruits are mostly used in the industries. The process of sorting started by detecting the color of the fruits to indicate its classification based on the color of the fruit. In this work, a fruit sorting machine has been designed and built for small scale industries needing low cost compared to those now being used, which are expensive. This quest focuses on sorting the different types of fruits such as apples, tomatoes, and navel orange which are green and red. The fruits are put on a small belt and then entered through a box with a controlled lighting Red- Green- Blue color sensor. The controlled lighting is in a closed space with a servo motor which rotates 130 degree and returns to zero position. Attached to it, a gate pushes the fruit to the line of correct color and RGB color sensor to make scanning, integrated with Red and non-Red (Green) Light Emitting Diode (RGB LED), to detect the color of the fruit. Study also includes productivity, efficiency and costs were determined. <br /> <br /> Results revealed the following - The productivity is arranged from low to high as follows: tomatoes (27.3: 61.2 kg/h), apples (34.1: 76.5 kg/h), and navel orange (68.1: 153 kg/h). - The efficiency of sorting was as follows: tomatoes was 96 % at the lowest belt speed and increased to 100 % at the mean belt speed 0.8 m/s then decreased to 94 % at the highest speed, apples was 95 % at the lowest belt speed and increased to 100 % at the mean belt speed 0.8 m/s then decreased to <br /> 91.25 % at the highest speed, and navel orange was 95 % at the lowest belt speed and increased to 100 % at the mean belt speed 0.8 m/s then decreased to 80 % at the highest speed. - The most suitable belt speed was 0.8 m/s with very small delay time of servo motor which gives the highest efficiency of sorting within free flowing conditions. The sorting process cost by using the developed machine was less than the manual process in case of navel orange, tomatoes and apples. Using the developed sorting machine reduced the cost of fruits sorting to 1: 2.23 as compared with manual method in navel orange, and to 1 : 1.12 for apples, but it was more expensive sorting tomatoes by the developed machine compared with manual sorting of 12%. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43072_206ebeda7e265cd69c11b08f382bf2ae.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM USING PARABOLIC COLLECTOR FOR THERMAL OPTIMUM CONDITIONS OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN WINTER1231344307310.21608/ajs.2019.43073ENSara M.El-HusseiniAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptM., M.MostafaAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA. M.El-GindyAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA. A.AnwarAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190219The aim of this study is to enhance the fermentation temperature inside the digester by supplying the required thermal energy to be within the desired optimum range (mesophilic range) for biogas production during winter “cold days”. Two 50 L digesters were used in the experiment that was conducted at Solar Energy Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo. One is a treatment digester and the other is a control digester. The treatment digester is thermally enhanced by a parabolic trough collector, while the control digester operated at the ambient temperature. The experiment was conducted through December 2018 and January 2019. The results show that the average temperature in the control digester through the experiment was 21.5°C, while in the treatment digester it was 27.08°C. This means that the parabolic trough collector enhanced the fermentation temperature in the treatment digester by 20.6%. The total biogas yield of the control digester and the treatment digester was 9684.7 mL/kg. T.S. and 24649.69 mL/kg. T.S. respectively. By comparing both productivities, it was found that the productivity of the treatment digester was 2.5 times more than the productivity of the control digester. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43073_099de2732abb58686692eecce263f57a.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301HERBIGATION MANAGEMENTS FOR MAXIMIZING GREEN BEANS CROP PRODUCTIVITY UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM1351464307410.21608/ajs.2019.43074ENShaimaa B.Y.ElsayedAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA. A.Abdel-AzizAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptK F.El-BagouryAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptM. M.MoustafaAgric. Engineering Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190203A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm at Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University (loam soil); to study herbigation managements for maximizing green beans crop productivity under drip irrigation system. Two application techniques were used for weed control with pre-emergence Pendimethalin herbicide (Stomp 50% EC), the first application technique was injection herbicide through drip irrigation systems (surface and sub-surface) with three concentrations (100%, 75% and 50%) of herbicide recommendation dose (1.7 L/ fed) using venture device, secondly by conventional spraying using knapsack sprayer and control without treatment. The results showed that the best water application efficiency was (96%) and the highest value of water distribution uniformity was (95%) achieved with Sub surface-drip irrigation system. The best weeds control efficiency was (82%) achieved with injection herbicide through sub surface-drip irrigation system with 75% - (1.28 L/fed) - of the herbicide recommendation dose in compare with other treatments, which maximized the benefit from the applied herbicides and obtained high productivity and an export product with high quality. According to the obtained results herbigation with sub-surface irrigation system is an excellent method of controlling weeds for the growers with good management.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43074_9e5bb4f7632e509c766195edb14d59b1.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301MANGEMENT OF TURF IRRIGATION SYSTEM UNDER USING GRAY WATER1471604307510.21608/ajs.2019.43075ENShimaa E.Abd ElfattahAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA. A.Abdel-AzizAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptK. F.El-BagouryAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190210This research amid to obtain identify the effect of low-quality water (gray water) (reused water after its nomination in the special filtration stations) on the performance analysis of the turf irrigation system. The Experiment was carried out at ELRhap site, the area under investigation was 450 m², it was divided into 6 plots, and the geometrical has 5 m × 15 m. Investigated variables were gray water and tap water plots were; have been while the investigated parameter was the percentage of the applied amounts of irrigation water with a percent of 100%; 85%; 75%. The response of plant growth landscaping parameters due to irrigation water types were color, length, density and its coverage on the after heads, the effect of gray water and fresh water on the turf irrigation system was compared through the study of (uniformity, Surface roughness, Clogging ratio, flow, pressure), of sprinklers during same the irrigation period. Results of the applied could be summarized as followed. The Accumulative clogging ratio by using gray water was (1.50 – 1.56 – 1.6) % and tap water was (1.22 – 1.25 – 1.28) % at (100% - 85% - 75%) of quantity the water required for the plant. Illustrates in tap water turf quality rate was (8.50 – 8.00 – 8.00) for color, very good quality rate was (8.00 – 8.00 – 7.50) for density also very good ground cover quality rate was (8.00 – 7.50 -7.50). Meanwhile, illustrates in gray water turf quality rate was (8.50 – 8.50 – 8.00) for color, very good quality rate was (8.50 – 8.00 – 8.00) for density also very good ground cover quality rate was (8.00 – 8.00 – 7.50) at (100% - 85% - 75%) of quantity the water required for the plant. Surface roughness in the <br /> main irrigation lines was measured after the use of gray water and tap water. The erosion was (17.93– 65.35) Mm and the sediments were (15.48 – 58.22) Mm in gray while the erosion of tap water was (10.45– 34.89) Mm and the sediments were (9.06– 45.22) Mm. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43075_c0b936b8b3f476bc3af99ba04465d1c9.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301AUTOMATED MEASUREMENT AND SYSTEM DATA LOGGER FOR CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF SLICED BANANA FRUIT DURING DRYING PROCESS BY A SOLAR HOT- AIR DRYER1611734307610.21608/ajs.2019.43076ENEntsar A.SaberAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, EgyptM.El-AttarAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, EgyptMostafa M.M.Agric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, EgyptY. A.HeikalFood Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190228The aim of this work is developing and evaluating an automated measurement and system datalogger for continuous monitoring of solar hot air drier for natural convection solar cabinet drier. Measurements includes monitoring of drying process for sliced Banana (Musa acuminata) relation to weather parameters such as ambient air temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity which ensures precise measurements and reproduction of experiments. An electronic measurement system was used for measurement of temperature, humidity, air speed, a solar intensity. A programmable microcontroller ship and code were used to control measurement, timing, and data storage twenty-four hours/day. All measurements data was collected and saved in storage memory card. Results showed that the solar drier drying rate achieved (-0.018gH2O/g dm.h), while the drying rate with mean of electrical thermal drier were (-0.956 018gH2O/gdm.h) at 105°C, (-0.552 018gH2O/g dm.h) at 70°C and (-0.513 018gH2O/gdm.h) at 50°C. The electronic measurement - datalogging system was able to give an accurate measurement and assessment to the drying system and process. It was found that air leakage from the system and poor insulation inhibit the airflow over the solar absorber plate and drying chamber causing thermal leakage form the bottom and drier sides. It was recommended to supply the solar drier with an air fan, seal the drying air leakage, and air-lock at the entrance to control airflow as well as the temperature of the drying process. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43076_3ef8b9bb4676de107e211e54de7d2446.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME LISTERIA PHAGES1751834333410.21608/ajs.2019.43334ENYasmer S.HusseinAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptSamar S.El-MasryAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, Egypt0000-0003-4919-6799Abeer A.FaiesalBasic and Applied Agric. Sciences Dept., Higher Institute for Agric. Co-Operation, Cairo, Egypt.Kh. A.El-DougdougAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptB. A.OthmanAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190224Listeria monocytogenes is a food borne pathogenic bacteria and caused a dangerous infection of humans. Six lytic bacteriophages specific to L. monocytogenes were isolated from irrigation and sewage waters and named ØLG, ØLA, ØLM, ØLD, ØLN and ØLP. The phages were propagated, and then purified by the ultracentrifugation. Morphological properties of Listeria phages showed that the phages were tailed phages, varied in their sizes and assigned to be a member of Siphoviridae (ØLG, ØLA, ØLM) and Myoviridae (ØLN, ØLD, ØLP) families. All Listeria phages were highly stable under different temperature conditions and its thermal inactivation point was reached to 80°C. The longevity in vitro of the phages was up to 60 days, as well as phages were active at pH values ranging from 4.0 to 12.0. Listeria phages did not lose their infectivity after exposure to UV for 90 min at 35 and 53 cm distances. Results of SDS-PAGE showed that phages had 5-6 protein fragments with molecular weights of 66, 45, 37, 35, 33 and 28 kDa distributed among the six phages.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43334_2a867b859a87b30ed919a22c87bb997e.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301BIOCHEMICAL THEREBY OF MICROORGANISMS CONTAMINATED PRODUCTION LINE FOR SOME PRODUCT FOODS USING Olea europaea LEAVES EXTRACT1851924334110.21608/ajs.2019.43341ENH. A.SaadonyAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptK. A.El DougdougAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, Egypthttps://orcid.org/00A. F.Abou HadidHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptS. D.ThabetQuality Assurance, Research and Development Sector Elrashidi El mizan Confectionary, 6th October City, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190212https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43341_48a29d3782f2b7a9dc7301bd3dc0c8db.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EVALUATING SYMBIOTIC EFFICIENCY OF Mesorhizobium REDUCING SYMPTOMS OF CHICKPEA YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS1932054334810.21608/ajs.2019.43348ENMaryam A.Al-AchtarAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra11241, Cairo, EgyptM. G.GirgisAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra11241, Cairo, EgyptK. A.El-DougdougAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra11241, Cairo, EgyptA.HamwiehInternational Center for Agric. Research in the Dry Area (ICARDA), Biotechnology Dept., Agric. Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Giza, EgyptA. E.ElDoliefyPlant Molecular Biology Dept., Laboratory of Gene Expression and Regulation Technologies, (AGERI), Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20180909Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) belongs to legumes reducing atmospheric nitrogen symbiotically through Rhizobia Spp. into proteins in a process leaves no carbon footprint. However, chickpea is highly susceptible to viral diseases, which limits productivity. Therefore, the current study is conducted, in two seasons (2015/2016, 2016/2017) to evaluate the symbiotic efficiency of Mesorhizobia in reducing the damage occurs in chickpea if was infected by chickpea yellow mosaic virus (CpYMV). For this aim, One viral (CpYMV) and two Mesorhizobial isolates (MS3All, MS8All) are isolated from open-fields of chickpea plants. Three chickpea experimental lines (F.07-268, F.07-258 and F.0744) and one Egyptian cultivar (Giza195) are dually infected by CpYMV and either of MS3All and MS8All. Then, infected plants are grown in pots in open-air at the cultivation area of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ain-Shams University (Shoubra). The results indicated that the viral infection led to a reduction in the dry weight of root (DWR) and shoot (DWS), the ratio of root-to-shoot (RSR) dry weight, the nodule counts (NN), the photosynthetic pigments and the nitrogen content (N2). Interestingly, the dry weight of nodules (DWN) is significantly increased in dually infected plants. Uniinoculated Chickpea using either of the two isolates of Mesorhizobia showed significant increase in all phenotypic parameters when virus infection is included; except for DWN that decreased com<br /> pared to control viral-infected plants but no mesorhizobia. The current study suggests that bacterial inoculation using Mesorhizobia is significantly reduced damaging effects of the virus on chickpea. Moreover, the MS3All isolate is suggested the more effective than MS8All and the experimental chickpea lines F.07-258 and F.07-44 had the highest significant levels of N2 for shoot than F.07-268 and Giza195 lines. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43348_be022f27477f975213d31ee5ed07e084.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301POLYPHENOLIC WEALTHY MORINGA LEAVES EXTRACTS AS ANTICOXSACKIE B VIRUSES (COX-BV)2072174335010.21608/ajs.2019.43350ENNaglaa A.SaifGeneral Authority for Health Insurance Hospital, Sednawy, Cairo, Egypt.B. A.OthmanAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA. F.MohamedHolding Company for Biological product and vaccines, Giza, Egypt.Kh. A.El-DougdougAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190303The antiviral role of Moringaoleifera leaves extracts ((chloroform (CL), Ethyl acetate (E.A), methanol 80% (M) and n.butanol (n.b) to control Coxsackie B (COX-BV) viral infection was monitored in vitro compared with human interferon alpha (IFNᾰ2a) in order to evaluate the antiviral activity of moringa leaves extracts. The phenolic compound was given higher conc. in E.A. extracts. Cytotoxicity was determined for Moringa leaves extracts on viability of HEP2 cell using MTT assay. The 98μg/ml concentrations for four extracts were considerably non-toxic for HEP2 cell line culture. Antiviral activity in Moringa extracts may be attributed to phenolic compounds and / or as a result of stimulation of COX-BV-sensitive HEP2 cells to express MX protein. Antiviral activity of Moringa leaves extracts compared with IFNᾰ-2a to cell lines against COX-BV viral infection was determined by assessment of the COX-BV virus infectivity titer declining rate and relative residual living cell count using End Point Assay, using three ways pretreatment, co-treatment and post-treatment cell line treated with Moringaextracts. It was found that the extract acetyl acetate was better as an MX gene expression level compared with its level in control cells. It was concluded that Moringaleaves extracts have antiviral activity against COX-BV. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43350_b8b6b54e29995218937738494969a141.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EFFICIENCY OF TWO MOLECULAR TOOLS BASED ON DNA USED FOR DIFFERENTIATING SOME MICROBIAL STRAINS2192294335210.21608/ajs.2019.43352ENSamar S.El-MasryAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, Egypt0000-0003-4919-6799M. S.SadikAgric. Biochemistry Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptB. A.AklAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Zagazig Univ., B.O. Pox 44519, Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20190212In the present study, two molecular biology tools based on DNA were compared in the differentiating between some microbial strains isolated from soil. Two types (16SrRNA and 18SrRNA) of ribosomal RNA genes were used for identification of the four bacterial and three fungal isolates, respectively. The identified microbial isolates were submitted in GenBank as strains of Escherichia coli MSL-19 (LC455952.1); Bacillus sp. MSLB-1 (LC455953.1); Bacillus sp. MSLB2 (LC455954.1); Bacillus sp. MSLB3 (LC455955.1); Penicillium sp. MLSP1 (LC455956.1); Aspergillus niger MLSAs1 (LC455958.1); Aspergillus sp. MLSAs2 (LC455959.1). The DNA obtained from the seven microbial strains was used as templates for RAPDPCR differentiating in the presence of eight random primers. Electrophoresis analysis was performed, and on scoring, the identity percentages between the bacterial and fungal strains were separately analyzed. A percentage of 82-83% was recorded between the E. coli and the three Bacillus strains, while, identities of 93-98% were recorded between the three Bacillus strains. Similar trend (90-96%) was observed between the Penicillium and Aspergillus strains. Results confirmed that identities based on the two ribosomal RNA genes (82-98%) was higher than that of RAPD-PCR (70.0-79.7%), and this is because of ribosomal RNA genes are in limited sizes (~1500-1600 bp) and specific for differentiating species, while RAPD-PCR tool depends on using some random primers could be recorded on the whole genome. The phylogenetic trees based on the two molecular <br /> tools supported the obtained results. As a conclusion, tools of RAPD-PCR and ribosomal RNA genes were successfully used to identify and detect the genetic variability of microbial strains isolated from soil. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43352_365a860dbcddc910ab41d8a1ed741c91.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT VACCINATION ROUTES AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN LAYER CHICKENS2312384335410.21608/ajs.2019.43354ENSamar S.El-MasryAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, Egypt0000-0003-4919-6799M. A.Nasr-EldinBotany Dept., Fac. of Science, Benha Univ., Kalyobya, Egypt.Abeer A.FaiesalBasic and Applied Agric. Sciences Dept., Higher Institute for Agric. Co-Operation, Cairo, EgyptB. A.OthmanAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190224In the present study, a trail to evaluate of Newcastle Disease (ND) antibodies levels after different vaccination programs was conducted on layer chickens. A total of 200 one day-old layer chicks (White Lohmann) were divided into five groups A, B, C, D and E. Birds in groups A, B and C were vaccinated with live vaccine by intraocular, intranasal and drinking water methods , respectively. On the other hand, groups D and E were kept as unvaccinated control groups. Vaccination performed at days 5, 18 and 28 by different routes for mentioned groups. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods were used for assessment of antibodies titer at days 15, 25, 37 and 45. Results of HI and ELISA tests indicated that, the intranasal and the intraocular method have highest antibodies titers compared with the drinking water method. In this study, maternally derived antibodies specific to Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) (IgY) were extracted by dextran sulfate method from collected eggs of vaccinated laying chickens . Antibodies specific to NDV (IgY) were detected in the egg yolk using HI test . Data revealed that antibodies specific to NDV (IgY) were presented in high titers that confer protection during early weeks of life for hatching chicks. Data concluded that extraction of maternally derived specific antibodies from egg yolk will facilitate accurate monitoring of ND vaccination programmes. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43354_4d89a8291db498ae997ab50870a5fbd6.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301IMPACT OF PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA ON COWPEA GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND ROOT DISEASES CONTROLLING UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS2392574335810.21608/ajs.2019.43358ENR. A.ZaghloulAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Banha Univ., EgyptH. E.Abou-AlyAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Banha Univ., EgyptH. M.Abdel-RahmanAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Banha Univ., EgyptM. A.HassanAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., South Valley University, EgyptJournal Article20190203This study was executed during two successive seasons 2014 and 2015 for evaluating the effect of inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus circulans, Glomus macrocarpum and Pseudomonas fluorescens on infection percentage, enzymatic activity, growth characteristics, total phenol, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in presence or absence of Fusarium oxysporum in sterilized or non- sterilized soil under greenhouse condition. The obtained results observed that the tested strains showed suppression for F. oxysporum in vitro. Similar results were obtained under greenhouse experiment where the inoculation of soil with biofertilizers strains in presence of P. fluorescens showed the lowest records of infection percentage as well as the higher values of enzymatic activity, growth characteristics, total phenol, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity compared to full dose of chemical fertilizers treatment. This study provides evidence for diminishing the adverse evolved from the continues application of chemical fertilizers in high doses and replacing it (at least partially) through biofertilizers and biocontrol application. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43358_fb6134c7b599b71dc96e0738940f2add.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301TREATMENT-TRAIT (TT) BIPLOT AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR SUPPORTING DECISION MAKING IN MAIZE FERTILIZER PROGRAM2592704335910.21608/ajs.2019.43359ENH. A.DarwishMaize Research Dept., Field Crops Res. Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.H. A.A.MohamedMaize Research Dept., Field Crops Res. Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.Eman M.A.HusseinCentral Laboratory for Design & Stat. Analysis Res., ARC, Giza, EgyptHoda E.A.IbrahimCentral Laboratory for Design & Stat. Analysis Res., ARC, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20190204This work aimed to study the effect of FYM rates (0, 10 & 20 m3 fed-1) and application in time of N fertilizer on maize grain yield and its attributes using single cross hybrid 130 at two field experiments. The technique of treatment - trait (TT) biplot graph was used to study the interrelationships among maize traits. The Results showed that application of 10 or 20 m3 FYM and adding the recommended N fertilizer on these doses with first, second or third irrigations gave highest values for the grain yield and most agronomic traits. It is obvious that the highest correlation coefficients were obtained between grain yield and each of number of ears plot-1 (NE),ear length (EL), ear diameter (ED) and 100 kernel weight (KW),under Gemmeiza location, while the traits of days to 50%tassiling and silking, plant height (PH), ear height (EH), number of ears plot-1 (NE) and 100 kernel weight (KW) were the most associated traits with grain yield under Sids location. Using the TT biplot graph, results revealed that the best performance treatments for most studied across the two locations were the application (T11) before as well as application (T10). The results showed that TT biplot graph was an effective statistical tool to study the effects of treatments on yield and its attributes and also to discover the interrelationships among these traits. Accordingly, the maize breeder should give interest in the interrelationships among grain yield and its attributes when planning the breeding program. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43359_5bb152d431e7105b2a945feb6c76d6b1.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301ASSESSMENT OF SOME AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN GENOTYPES OF EGYPTIAN FABA BEAN (VICIA FABA L.).2712804336010.21608/ajs.2019.43360ENM. H.El-ShalNational Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.Azza F.El-SayedFood Legumes Research Dept. (FLRD), Field Crops Research Institute (FCRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20190211This investigation aimed to evaluate of some faba bean genotypes for some morphological and agronomic traits in order to determine the promissing genotypes which can be used in breeding program for improving faba bean. The study carried out at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station in two successive seasons; 2016/2017and 2017/2018. 50 different landraces collected by the National Gene Bank (from different region of Egypt) and one commercial cultivar (Giza716) used as a check were used. Data analysis showed that there were highly significant differences in all studied characters among genotypes and replications except days to 50% flowering, plant height and number of branches per plant for replicates only. This indicates that there is wide diversity among genotypes which will enrich plant breeding programs to get high new commercial varieties and adapted to climate change of faba bean. The data for genetic parameters showed that the extent of phenotypic and genotypic variances diversed from one character to another according to result data from broad sense heritability (h2) estimates clears that there was graduation for all of studied characters with values from ranged 73.92 % to 95.03 %.which indicate that the effects of environment were lower than genetic effects inheritance of studied traits. In addition, high estimates of heritability could be successful for improving faba bean. Results of mean performance note that although commercial cultivar Giza 716 was outweigh for days to flowering and maturity traits, L47 recorded the highest mean values for 100-seed weight and seed yield/plant. In addition, L39 recorded the highest mean values for number of pods and num<br /> ber of seeds/plant. So lines 39 and 47 may be used in breeding programs for improving the performance of seed yield characters. The results of correlation coefficient showed that there were thirteen significant and highly significant positive phenotypic correlation in addition, four significant and highly significant negative phenotypic correlation. The direct contribution of 100- seed weight per plant had highest mean values followed by number of seeds per plant. Number of seeds per plant had the highest indirect effect via number of pods per plant, and number of branches per plant via number of seeds per plant. In addition, 100 seeds weight via number of branches per plant, 100-seed weight also had an appreciable indirect effect via leaflet width and number of branches per plant. Cluster analysis for investigated traits showed diversity among investigated fifty-one faba bean genotypes. All genotypes divided into two groups at a distance of 5.924. The first group contain line 47. The second group contains other genotypes. 100-seed weight and seed yield per plant are valuable in splitting the studied genotypes into two groups high value included the first group, however low vale included the second group. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43360_6ec7ac80c137410761f9ffde1d77aafe.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301RESPONSE OF SOME MAIZE VARIETIES (Zea mays L.) TO BORON FOLIAR APPLICATION UNDER SIWA OASIS CONDITIONS2812874336110.21608/ajs.2019.43361ENH. Kh.HassanAgronomy Unit, Plant Production Dept., Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptM. A.HassaanAgronomy Unit, Plant Production Dept., Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptM. A.AttiaAgronomy Unit, Plant Production Dept., Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190220Two field experiments were conducted in two successive seasons; 2017 and 2018 at Bahi ElDin, Siwa Oasis, Egypt, to study the effect of four boron levels (0, 23, 46 and 69 ppm) as foliar application on yield and its components of five maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids (Single Crosses 124, 168, Three Way Crosses 310, 324 and 352). The experimental design was perpendicular strips plot with three replicates. Results indicated that effect of boron and hybrids on plant height, no. of grains/row, ear length, no. of rows/ear, ear diameter, 100-grain weight, grain, ear and stover yields (kg fed-1) were significant. Maize hybrid S.C. 124 produced the highest values of 100-grain wt., grain and ear yields per fed. Maximum no. of grains/row, ear length and stover yield fed-1 were recorded by TWC 324 hybrid. While, TWC 352 hybrid surpassed in no. of rows/ear and ear diameter. Foliar application by 69 ppm boron significantly produced more grains per row and ear, 100-grain wt. and grain yield/fed. Interactions were significant for all studied traits, except no. of grains/row and ear diameter. Thus, it could be concluded that applying 69 ppm boron as foliar for S.C.124 hybrid could be used successfully for improving maize productivity under Siwa Oasis conditions.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43361_39126b5b099c467248a9fec0c1df11b7.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301GROWTH PARAMETERS, IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE IN RELATION TO SOWING DATES UNDER NORTH-DELTA OF EGYPT CONDITIONS2892984352310.21608/ajs.2019.43523ENA. S.A.HegabCentral Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptM. T.B.,FayedAgronomy Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptMaha M.A.HamadaAgronomy Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptM. A.A.AbdrabboCentral Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181211Field experiments were conducted in El-Bosaily farm in the Northern Coastal of Egypt during summer seasons of 2015 and 2016 to study the response of the single Cross 10 maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid to three sowing dates (1st of May, 1st of June and 1st of July) and three levels of irrigation; 60%, 80% and 100% of irrigation requirements (IR) which applied by drip irrigation system. The experimental design was split plot with four replications where the sowing dates and the irrigation levels were located in the main plots and the sub-plots, respectively. Germination percentage, vegetative growth, indices yield and yield components and water use efficiency were compared under the various sowing dates and irrigation level treatments. The main results were as follows: Vegetative growth traits, yield and water use efficiency of maize were decreased as sowing date delayed beyond the 1st of May. Sowing maize seeds at 1st of July gave the lowest vegetative growth traits and productivity compared to the other sowing dates during both seasons. Meanwhile application of 60% (IR) decreased vegetative growth traits as well as grain yield. Nevertheless, the 100% (IR) irrigation treatments gave the highest vegetative traits and grain yield. In contrary, results showed that the 60% (IR) irrigation requirement gave the highest water use efficiency (WUE). Increasing irrigation water above 60% (IR) led to decrease the values of water use efficiency. Meanwhile, the <br /> highest water use efficiency was obtained from the first sowing date (1st May) followed by the second sowing date (1st June) while the lowest value was obtained by the third sowing date (1st July). https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43523_c0a51023aa79ba0e9b43319854ea2e75.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301RESPONSE OF TWO MAIZE CULTIVARS (Zea mays L.) TO ORGANIC MANUR AND MINERAL NANO NITROGEN FERTILIZER UNDER SIWA OASIS CONDITIONS2993124352710.21608/ajs.2019.43527ENM. H.KhalilPlant Production Dept. Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.,A. F.Abou-HadidHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptR. ThAbdrabouAgronomy Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptS. H.Abd Al-halimAgronomy Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptM. Sh.AbdEl-MaaboudPlant Production Dept. Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.,Journal Article20190220Two trials were carried out at the Experimental Station farm of Desert Research Center, Teggzerty from Siwa Oasis, Matroh Governorate during the two summer seasons, 2015 and 2016. Trials were performed to study response of two maize hybrids.(Single hybrid 131 and Triple hybrid 329) to organic manure (OM) levels (15 and 30 m3/fed.) and five combinations between mineral and nano nitrogen (N) fertilizers: 1)100% mineral N from the recommended dose (120 kg N/fed.), 2)75% mineral + 25% nano N fertilizers, 3)50% mineral + 50% nano N fertilizers, 4)25% mineral + 75% nano N fertilizers, 5)100% nano N as the recommended rate (500 ppm as foliar application). Mineral N rates were added in three equal doses, with foliar application by nano N rates, after 30, 45 and 60 days from sowing. Treatments, included twenty treatments, was laid out in a splilt-split plot design, with three replicates, OM levels were arranged in the main plots, maize cvs. were allocated in the sub plots, and mineral nano N fertilizer treatments were assigned in the sub-sub plots. At harvest the following characters were recorded, plant height (cm), number of rows/ear, ear length (cm), ear diameter (cm), number of grains/row, 100-grain weight (g), ear weight (ton/fed), grain, straw and biological yields (ton/ fed), shelling (%) and harvest index(%). Results indicated that increasing OM levels significantly increased ear length harvest index and protein content (%), in the 2nd season only, triple hybrid gave the maximum values of all pa<br /> rameters, except no. of rows/ear and harvest index, in the 1st season, and 100-grain weight and carbohydrate (%), in both seasons, which had no significant difference with single hybrid in the most cases. Concerning with the effect of mineral and nano N, all parameters, except carbohydrate (%), were increased with increasing mineral N (%) and/or with decreasing nano N (%). Fertilized maize crop by mineral N at 100% or 75% plus 25% nano N fertilizer gave the maximum values of plant ht., no. of rows/ear, ear length and diameter, no. of grains/row, 100-grain wt.,ear weight, grain, straw and biological yields, shelling (%), protein (%), protein yield and harvest index in both seasons. However, fertilized maize crop by nano N at 100% produced the highest value of carbohydrate content (%) in two seasons. Results suggested that selected triple maize hybrid cv. (329), at 30 m3 OM, with 100% mineral N (120 kg N/fed.) or with 75% mineral N (90 kg N/fed.) plus 25% nano N (125 ppm as foliar application) fertilizers could be utilized for attaining the maximal improvement in farmer income by increasing the maize yield under saline conditions at Siwa Oasis, Egypt. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43527_95fafc34070db7b065ac3e3e0e657bdb.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EFFECT OF PROPIOTIC ON RUMINANT PERFORMANCE3133224352810.21608/ajs.2019.43528ENA. F.ElbarbaryAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptH. M.GadoAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptH. M.KhattabAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181014Two hundred multiparous Holstein dairy cows post-partum were randomly assigned into two groups. The first group (control, n=100) was fed total mixed ration (TMR) without a supplement of liquid probiotic enzymes. The second group (treatment, n=100) was fed TMR supplemented with a commercial probiotic (ZAD) prepared by Bactizad company, Cairo, Egypt. at the rate of 10 ml/head/day. According to the guide of the manufacture for 12 weeks ZAD was added and mixed to the TMR at the time of feeding once per day. Each group was placed in a shaded pen equipped with free stalls. <br /> <br /> Results obtained showed that <br /> <br /> Milk yield increased significantly from 39.57 kg/day for control group up to 41.73 kg/day for treated with ZAD group. Fat and protein milk percentage tended to be improved due to treated with ZAD but the difference was not significant. Lactose percentage was affected positively and significantly by treated of ZAD, lactose percentage was 4.79 for control group and 4.83 for ZAD group. Serum total protein increased significantly from 11.52 (g/dl) for control group up to 11.85(g/dl) for treated ZAD group. Albumin was significantly higher in control group. Results indicated that blood urea concentration in treated group being 34.77 (mg/dl) and for the control group 33.91 (mg/dl), was significantly higher. Alkaline phosphates increased significantly in treated group from 21.105 U/l for control group up to 26.92 U/l for treated group. <br /> Cholesterol concentration was reduced significantly due to treatment from 240.98 mg/dl in control cows to 190.13 mg/dl in treated cows. Triglycerides concentration declined significantly due to treatment of probiotic ZAD. In control cows triglycerides concentration was 27.871 (mg/dl) and treated cows was 20.9781 (mg/dl). T3 concentration increased significantly as a response to treatment by probiotic ZAD. T3 concentration was 117.29 ng/dl in treated group and 62.38 mg/dl in control group.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43528_9c6111e3cfdc357efe9ae93461c2de71.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EFFECT OF RUMINAL BACTERIA (ZAD) ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ROUGHAGES3233284352910.21608/ajs.2019.43529ENAmira M.Abd El MaksoudAnimal Nutrition Dept., Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.H. M.MetwallyAnimal Production of Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. 68 Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, Egypt.H. M.GadoAnimal Production of Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. 68 Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, Egypt.A. A.EL-GaziryAnimal Nutrition Dept., Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20181021Four common Egyptian Agricultural by products used for ruminant feeding were treated with different concentrations of Probiotic (ZAD) to study the effect of treatment on chemical composition of roughages. Roughages used were rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), corn stover (CS) and sugar cane bagasse (SCB). Concentrations of ZAD tested in this study were 0.05, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 ml/Kg of roughage. Roughages were mixed with ZAD solution and incubated anaerobically for 4 weeks. Results indicated that treatments decreased crude fiber (CF) contents of all roughages by 17 % in CS to 30% in SCB and increased EE by multiplication of 1.45 times in WS to 4.9 times in SCB. Statistical analysis showed no significant interaction between roughage source and ZAD concentration on chemical composition of roughages except for crude protein where interaction was significant (P<.05). Results also indicated that ZAD concentration over 0 ml/kg affected CF & CP contents, it was also noticed that CP of RS showed the highest response for treatment followed by SCB and CS, respectively. Crude protein of WS was not affected by different ZAD concentration. It was concluded that ZAD concentration of 1 ml/ 1 Kg of roughage is recommended for treatment to improve roughage chemical analysis.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43529_0ef6998c3292c57335677becaeaf4c75.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EVALUATION OF CORN SILAGE FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS IN EGYPT3293374353010.21608/ajs.2019.43530ENE. N.DaoudRegional Center for Food and Feeds, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptH. S.SolimanAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra, 11241 Cairo, EgyptH. M.ElsayedAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra, 11241 Cairo, EgyptN. E.ElbordenyAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra, 11241 Cairo, EgyptGihanEl-MogazyRegional Center for Food and Feeds, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20180828The main objective of this study was to evaluate different samples of corn silage (Whole corn plant with ears) from different regions in Egypt to determine each sample has the highest nutritive value and nutrients digestibility and therefore reduce the feed cost, increase feed efficiency and probability of lactating dairy farms. Silage samples were collected from different four areas in Egypt; El-Salhya, El-Nobarya, El-Monofia and Ganakles. The study Included three field and laboratory work cores which were; chemical composition, in-vitro and in-situ evaluation studies. The samples were analyzed for its chemical composition, Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL). The silage samples were evaluated in-vitro and in-situ. In-vitro evaluation was conducted using gas production technic. Gas production (GP) was recorded at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours of incubation. The organic matter digestibility (OMD), short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and metabolizable energy (ME) were measured. The in-situ experiment, involved nylon bags containing silage samples from different regions were incubated in three fistulated Barki rams for 24h. Samples were taken out at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24h of incubation. The obtained results indicated that the Ganakles silage ampel recorded the lowest (P<0.01) values of GP within the different times compared to others. The silage from El-Salhya had the highest (P<0.01) values for OMD and SCFA. The DMD of in-situ samples was significantly (P<0.01) increased within the different times of incubation with Al-Salhia silage samples, but the lowest significant values (P<0.01) were recorded <br /> with Al-Nobaria silage samples. Depending on invitro and in-situ results for silage type results, in vitro and in-situ for silage type from Al-Salhia area had a best characteristics of good silage and was chosen forever conducting lactation trial. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43530_b61a1754d1b31753c44c032089a97a5d.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF PROBIOTIC BACTERIA SUPPLEMENTATION TO RUMINANT RATIONS3393454353110.21608/ajs.2019.43531ENS. E.El-NagarAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt.Shemeis SA.R.A.R.Animal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, EgyptG. F.GoudaAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt.M. S.El-GarhiAnimal Reproduction Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.M. S.Ebeid. Dairy Sciences Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12311, EgyptH. H.AzzazDairy Sciences Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12311, EgyptR. M.A.,AbdelgawadDairy Sciences Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12311, EgyptMona S.ZayedAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, EgyptN. E.El-BordenyAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20181201The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of different level of probiotic supplementation to ruminant rations, using in-vitro batch culture technique to determine degradation and fermentation parameters. In vitro experimental ration was formulated, the ration consisted of 40% alfalfa hay and 60% concentrate feed mixture. Three level of probiotic supplementation (106, 108, 1010 cfu/kg DM) were evaluated. DM and total gas production as well as fermentation parameters of the incubated samples were determined after 24 hrs. of fermentation. Slightly increases (P>0.05) in in-vitro dry matter degradability were observed for the ration supplemented with probiotics bacteria at different levels (106,108 and 1010 cfu/ kg DM) compared to control ration. Probiotics bacteria supplementation with different level (106,108 and 1010 cfu/ kg DM) led to significant (P<0.001) increases in organic matter degradability and total gas production per sample and per g DM, OM, NDF and ADF compared to the not supplemented ration (control ration), and no significant differences were observed among the different levels of probiotics supplementation. Significant increase in total volatile fatty acid concentration after 24 hours' incubation period compared to the not supplemented ration. On the other hand, the treatment supplemented with probiotic recorded lower ammonia concentration compared to the control group. It could be concluded that, adding <br /> probiotics bacteria supplementation to experimental ration resulted increase DM and OM degradability and using dose 106 CFU/kg DM feed is sufficient to induce improvement in degradability and fermentation parametershttps://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43531_654d2722f52fa733201aba2c330b4a49.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ENSILING AND /OR EXOGENOUS FIBROLYTIC ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION OF DATE PRESS CAKE3473554354610.21608/ajs.2019.43546ENM.FahmyDairy Sciences Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12311, EgyptMorsy T.A.Dairy Sciences Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12311, EgyptH. M.GadoAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, EgyptO. H.MatloupDairy Sciences Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12311, EgyptS. M.KholifDairy Sciences Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12311, EgyptN. E.El-BordinyAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181212This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ensiling and /or exogenous fibrolytic enzyme supplementation date press cake using in vitro batch culture technique . Untreated date press cake (DPC) and ensiled DPC with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (ZAD1 and ZAD2) and with or without adding urea compared to corn grains were in vitro evaluated using batch culture technique. DM, NDF and ADF degradation and total gas production as well as fermentation parameters of the incubated samples were determined after 24 h of fermentation. Total VFAs, proportions are not affected (P > 0.05) by any of the treatments. However, value of ammonia concentration was higher (P < 0.05) with ZAD2+U group and urea group than date press cake (DPC). The pH value was highest (P>0.05) with the ensiling treatments. There were no significant differences in the values of DMD and OMD between the different treatments. But, the values of NDFD and ADFD were increased (P<0.05) in the corn group. Total gas production had no difference (P>0.05) between the corn grain and the DPC without any treatments. While, values of metabolizable protein (MP) and efficiency of microbial biomass production (EMP) were increased (p<0.05) with DPC compared to corn grains . There was no significant difference in the rumen activity when using date press cake (DPC) or corn grains. Moreover, the ensiling process did not cause a clear improvement in rumen fermentation.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43546_ed6baf3ec07c98c1bdc47a6aed598f57.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EFFECT OF ANAEROBIC PROBIOTIC AND/OR BIOLOGICAL ANTITOXIN SUPPLEMENTATIONS ON PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING COWS3573654354710.21608/ajs.2019.43547ENM. A.KholifAnimal Production. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68- Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptH. M.GadoAnimal Production. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68- Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptH. M.MetwallyAnimal Production. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68- Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptR. M.AbdelgawadDairy Sciences Dept., National Research Centre, El Buhouth Street, Dokki 12622, Giza, EgyptA. M.KholifDairy Sciences Dept., National Research Centre, El Buhouth Street, Dokki 12622, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20180919Forty-eight lactating Holstein Friesian cows were utilized to assess impact of supplementing probiotic ZAD (mixture of live bacterial cells and enzymes) compared with T5X (antitoxins product) on some productive, reproductive and antitoxins activity parameters. we have divided the animals to three experimental categories (16 each). The first category, control treatment, was fed basal diet without any supplements. The second category, ZAD treatment, was fed basal diet supplemented with ZAD probiotic (1.1 L/ton). The third category, T5X treatment, was fed basal diet supplemented with T5X antitoxins product (1.1 Kg/ton). Milk yield was recorded. we have collected and analyzed milk samples, blood samples and feed samples in order to constitutes. Time-interval between calving and fertilizing artificial insemination and pregnancy rate were recorded. The gained outcomes demonstrated that milk yield was significantly raised by ZAD treatment than other treatment. Milk components yield were significantly raised by ZAD probiotic and T5X treatments than control. Blood serum total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, urea and total lipids were not significantly influenced by treatments. Total aflatoxins in concentrate mixture and aflatoxin M1 in milk were significantly diminished by ZAD and T5X than control. Number of days between calving and fertilized artificial insemination were diminished by treatments than control. Pregnancy rate was significantly raised by ZAD <br /> probiotic than T5X and control treatments, respectively. The overall conclusion of this study illustrated that Probiotic ZAD, potentially, has antitoxins activity leading to reinforcing the productive and reproductive performance of lactating cows. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43547_61df7677eb342dca74856887d77c58bb.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301In vitro MATURATION OF DROMEDARY SHE-CAMEL OOCYTES EXPOSED TO LASER IRRADIATION3673744354810.21608/ajs.2019.43548ENMaiada W.A.AllamDirectorate of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo, EgyptE. B.AbdallaAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241,Cairo, EgyptF. A.KhalilAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241,Cairo, EgyptA. E.B.ZeidanAnimal Production Res. Inst., Dokki, Giza, EgyptZ. A.Abdel-SalamNational Inst. Laser Enhanced Sci., Cairo Univ., Giza, EgyptM. R.BadrArtificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer Dept., Animal Reproduction Res. Inst., Agric. Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181024The objective of this study was to study the effect of laser irradiation on maturation rate of dromedary she-camel oocytes. Although in vitro fertilization (IVF) technique in she-camel has been established, but maturation rate of camel oocytes is still low comparing with other animal species. Several studies performed to improve in-vitro maturation rate using different types of media with different incubation times. In order to establish high sensitive and low cost maturation improvement technique, laser irradiation has been suggested in the present work. Cumulus oocytes complexes (COCʼs) were collected from ovaries by aspiration method and grade (A) oocytes were chosen and divided into five different groups, 62 oocytes served as control group, an un-irradiated (group 1), 64 oocytes exposed to 2 minutes of laser irradiation (group 2), 57 oocytes exposed to 3 minutes of laser irradiation (group 3), 49 oocytes exposed to 4 minutes of laser irradiation (group 4) and 52 oocytes exposed to 5 minutes of laser irradiation (group 5) with a total output power of 3 mW for different exposure durations; 2, 3, 4 and 5 minutes. Afterwards, oocytes were matured in TCM-199 medium at 38.5oC and 5% CO2 in humidified air for 42 h. Maturation rate was calculated based on expulsion of the first polar body and statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA test. <br /> The obtained results showed that, the oocytes reached germinal vesicles (GV) which exposed to laser beam for 5 minutes at 488 nm wavelength represent significantly (P<0.05) the highest value (42.31%) compared to control (not irradiated, 16.13%). However, other groups of GV showed insignificant differences with the control group. The metaphase II (M II) in the control oocytes represents significantly (P<0.05) the highest value (75.81%) compared to 3-5 minutes exposed groups. The degenerated oocytes exposed to laser beam for 5 minutes at 488 nm wavelength represent significantly (P<0.05) the highest value (40.38%) compared to control (not irradiated, 8.06%). In conclusion‚ these results indicated that the exposure of laser irradiation for 2 minutes may improve in-vitro nuclear maturation of immature oocytes in dromedary she-camels as compared to other durations (3-5 minutes) at 488 nm wavelength (blue laser). https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43548_d6bb2c615dd5012276fb649eae711ee4.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ENCAPSULATED PROBIOTIC BACTERIA SUPPLEMENTATION TO RUMINANT RATIONS3753824355010.21608/ajs.2019.43550ENA. A.MakledAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt.M. M.KhorshedAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt.G. F.GoudaAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt.M. S.El-GarhiAnimal Reproduction Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.H. M.EbeidDairy Sciences Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12311, EgyptH. H.AzzazDairy Sciences Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12311, EgyptR. .M.A.AbdelgawadDairy Sciences Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12311, EgyptMona. S.ZayedAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, EgyptN. E.El-BordenyAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181208The aim of this study was to in vitro evaluate encapsulated probiotic supplementation to ruminant rationson degradation and fermentation parameters. The ration consisted of 40% alfalfa hay and 60% concentrate feed mixture. Encapsulated and not encapsulated probiotic were supplemented with level of 106cfu/kg of the total dry matter of ration (DM) and compared with encapsulation media (Sodium Alginate, SA) and control (not supplemented ration). DM and OM degradation and total gas production as well as fermentation parameters of the incubated samples were determined after 24 h of fermentation. Significant (P<0.01) increases in in-vitro DM degradability was observed for the experimental ration supplemented with encapsulated or not encapsulated probiotics at levels (106 CFU/ kg DM) and SA treatment compared to control ration. Also, significant (P<0.05) improvement in OM degradability was recorded for the ration supplemented with not encapsulated probiotics bacteria compared to the other treatments. Moreover no significant differences were observed between the control ration and the rations supplemented with encapsulated probiotics or SA only, as well as no significant difference was recorded between the ration supplemented with encapsulated probiotics and the ration supplemented with SA only. Probiotics bacteria supple<br /> mentation in the form of not encapsulated probiotic resulted significant increases in in vitro total gas production per sample and per g DM, OM, dDM, NDF and ADF after 24 hours incubation period compared to the other experimental rations (control, encapsulated probiotic and SA). While significant increase in total gas production per g dOM was observed for not encapsulated probiotic compared to encapsulated probiotic only. It could be concluded that, using encapsulated probiotics bacteria had no significant effect on DM degradability and may be induce decrease in gas production and fermentation parameters. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43550_fb45259b443d9c081097c31e764301b3.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR GROWTH PERFORMANCE TRAITS OF EGYPTIAN BARKI LAMBS USING RANDOM REGRESSION MODEL3833934357710.21608/ajs.2019.43577ENSh.MelakAnimal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), MinistryH.MansourAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241 Cairo, EgyptA. M.Aboul-NagaAnimal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Dokki, Giza, EgyptMona A.OsmanAnimal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Dokki, Giza, EgyptA. R.ElbeltagyAnimal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Dokki, Giza, EgyptManalEl SayedAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241 Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190228Variance components and genetic parameters for growth traits were estimated for Barki lambs using the average information REMLF90 (AIREMLF90). A total of 3205 Barki lambs’ records over the period from 1984 to 2017 from experimental Borg Al-Arab station belonging to Animal Production Research Institute (APRI) were analyzed by fitting Random Regression Model (RRM) with Legendre polynomials (LPs) for body weight traits from birth up to 480 days. Gender, type of birth, year, season and age of dam were considered as fixed effects in addition to the fixed regression on Legendre polynomials, while random regression of additive genetic and permanent environmental effects were considered as random factors in the model. The results showed that all fixed factors and some interactions were significant for all studied traits (P<0.05). Quadratic equation was the best description for growth curve. Additive genetic and permanent environment variances ranged from 0.88 to 6.08 and from 0.88 to 15.33 for birth and thirteen months weights, respectively. Additive genetic and permanent environment covariances ranged from 0.05 to 16.06 and from 0.08 to 9.20 for birth with six months weights and for weaning with ten months weights, respectively. Direct and total heritabilities ranged from 0.05 to 0.41 and from 0.08 to 0.74 for four months and birth weights, respectively. Additive, genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients were the lowest between birth weight with other studied traits and <br /> the highest between ten months weight with other studied traits. Phenotypic variances were oscillated between 2.27 for birth weight to 22.56 for seven months weight, while, residual variances were oscillated between 0.06 for birth weight to 14.05 for four months weight. Therefore, ten months of age recommended to be the best criterion for selecting Egyptian Barki lambs for meat production. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43577_25ca3bab274a86112fc1be06bacedcfe.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190330AN ASSESSMENT STUDY OF GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND GONADS DEVELOPMENT OF MONO SEX NILE TILAPIA IN DIFFERENT AGE STAGES DURING THE PRODUCTION PERIOD3954044357810.21608/ajs.2019.43578ENSara ShahatEl-NahalAnimal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0003-1016-1898M. A.AmerAnimal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptM. F.OsmanAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptT. A.AliAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190303The objective of this study was to follow up the growth performance and gonads development of sex reversed male Nile tilapia. Fish fed commercial diet contained 30% crude protein at a rate of 3% of the biomass and 10 fish were randomly taken biweekly during the experimental period (16 weeks). Growth performance, feed utilization and survival rate were calculated. Histological examination of the gonads was done every two weeks to follow the growth and development of the gonads. Results showed positive interactions between growth parameters and reproductive development during different periods of fish productive cycle. Histological examination illustrated that during early ages, testicular sections of mono sex male’s tilapia had abnormal architecture with deterioration of germinative tissue. Despite abnormal testis texture, fish started spermatogenesis, a step toward puberty when their body weight reached 29.16g. As fish reached 4-5 months, male start to recover their testes normal structures and at age of 5.5-6 months, testicular sections appeared normally as pointed out by firmed testicular lobules, existence of all germ cell types and the intensively stored spermatozoa in testicular lumen and testicular ducts, confirming the full maturity of males. Based on the obtained results, it can clearly conclude that there is a relationship between age, body weight and development of sexual glands. It has also been shown that the hormonal treatment of tilapia seeds in the early stages for production of mono sex (all males) leads to a marked deterioration in the testes structure, continues near the fish enters the sexual maturity. At a later age, males can overcome this deterioration, restore the histological <br /> structure of the testes and achieve full sexual maturity at the age around from 5.5 to 6 months. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43578_5cd5b5df2e86063585bdaf9e4831ea20.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301DIGESTIBILITY AND SOME PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS FOR SHEEP FEEDING ON DATE SEED TREATED WITH BACTERIA4054174357910.21608/ajs.2019.43579ENShimaa S.SalamaAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptEtab R.I.Abd El-GalilAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptN. E.El-BordenyAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181211This paper focuses on treated date seed with two cellulolytic bacteria (Acetobacter xylinum and Thermonospora fusca) isolated from sheep and evaluated these species by Invitro gas production and metabolism trail. We evaluated the influence of many rations contain several percentage from date seed untreated and treated on In vitro traild for DM,OM, NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemicellulose disappeara (samples incubated for 24 hrs). the best ration used in metabolism trail . The experimental work was conducted in 2017, at the Department of Animal Production, faculty of agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt and the experiment of the farm animals occurred in the Animal Production research institute. Our results in this revealed that the ration content 25% untreated and treated with bacteria had significant values on NDF, ADF and hemicellulose degradability after 24 hours, especially treatment 2 (Thermonospora fusca) of date seed. In the experimental ration with ascending level of untreated and treated date seed had not significant effect on pH value while more effect on total gas production (GP),ammonia, TVFA’s, MP, EMP and metabolizable energy ME (Mcal/ g). The differences were significant (P<0.05) between control ration and other experimental rations. Furthermore, ration content date seed treated (R3) had the highest values of DM, OM, CF and EE digestibility. It could be noticed that improving CP, CF and cell wall constituents (NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose) digestibility may be due to the increasing number of rumen cellulolytic bacteria. In conclusion, the bacterial treatment (Acetobacter xylinum and Thermonospora fusca) with date seed successfully to improve chemical compostion of date seed and Invitro digestiability specially ration contain 25% from total dry matter. It showed that the strain (Thermonospora fusca) was <br /> the best in In vitro fermentation . Digestibility indicated that ration contain treated date seed (R3) was high DM, OM, ADF and nitrogen than other rations. It was concluded that treated date seed can replace concentrate in rations and improve In vitro degradability, digestibility trail and no effect on rumen and blood parameters without adversely affecting on helthy animals.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43579_65928e0dfc329e1694b8c7c03739e34e.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EFFECT OF SPIRULIN (ARTHROSPIRA PLATENSIS) A AND NANNOCHLOROPSIS (NANNOCHLOROPSIS GADITANA) SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, FEED UTILIZATION AND CARCASS COMPOSITION OF NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus)4194294358010.21608/ajs.2019.43580ENZeinab MohammedAlianimal production, Ain shams university,Cairo, Egypt0000-0003-0990-3364T. A.AliAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68-Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptM. F.OsmanAnimal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68-Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181008The study was carried out at Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University to assess the effect of two of algae species (Arthrospira platensis and Nannochloropsis gaditana) on growth performance of monosex tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus), fish were fed on a basal diet supplemented with 0,3,5,7% of each algae. To perform seven experimental treatments were assigned in three replicates each. The experiment was designated as follows: (T1) control (without algae), (T2) basal diet supplemented with 3% spirulina (spiru 3), (T3) basal diet supplemented with 5% spirulina (spiru 5), (T4) basal diet supplemented with 7% spirulina (spiru 7), (T5) basal diet supplemented with 3% Nannochloropsis (nanno 3), (T6) basal diet supplemented with 5% Nannochloropsis (nanno 5) and (T7) basal diet supplemented with 7% Nannochloropsis (nanno 7). Experimental tanks were a part of closed recirculating system, where almost constant environmental conditions were kept throughout the experimental period. Twenty-one quadrate fiber glass tanks with 108-liter water capacity were stocked with 15 fish per tank. The individual initial body weight (2.7 g) was recorded at the beginning of the experiment. All fish in each tank was weighed every two weeks during the whole experimental period. The fish were fed the experimental diet for 95 days Results indicated that nanno 5 treatment had higher significant trend (P<0.05) final body weight (FBW), average weight <br /> gain (AWG) and average daily gain (ADG) compared with the other experimental treatments. The best specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) were found in nanno 7. Also, it was observed that spiru 7 have a high significant difference (P<0.05) in protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein productive value (PPV). On the other hand, the results showed that the lowest AWG, ADG and (FER) appeared in spiru 7%. No mortality in nanno7 and spiru 7. Finally, using of nano 5% or spiru 7% enhance growth performance and feeding in tilapia fish. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43580_807112b211bd3f1f82574a281c49ece9.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301PROPERTIES OF DRINKING YOGHURT USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF STABILIZERS4314404358210.21608/ajs.2019.43582ENA. TH.SobhayFood Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptAwad R.A.Food Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptZ. M.RHassanFood Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptO. I.El-BatawyFood Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190220Different types of drinking yoghurts were made with different types and concentrations of stabilizers. 6 treatments were made (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6) using 0.2% and 0.4% of different types stabilizers ( pectin, guar gum, and mixture (1:1) of both pectin and guar gum) for production of other yoghurt drink treatments beside the control without any stabilizers. All treatments were stored up to 14 days at 5±1°C. Drinking yoghurt samples were evaluated for chemical, reholigical, microbiological and sensory attributes. No significant differences were observed in chemical and microbiological properties among control and treated samples. All drinking yoghurt contained levels of (106–107 cfu/g) lactic acid bacteria at the end of the refrigerated storage. Addition of stablizers showed significant differences in viscocitey and serum separation of final product. The effect was more obvious with using 0.2% stabilizer mixture (0.1% guar gum + 0.1% High Methoxy Pectin) than other all treatments. The drinking yoghurt containing 0.2% mix stabilizers (0.1% guar gum + 0.1% High Methoxy Pectin) ranked higher sensory scores than other treatments. The best drinking yoghurt that containing 50% yoghurt, 8% sugar and 42% water should be fortified with 0.2% mix stabilizers (0.1% guar gum + 0.1% High Methoxy Pectin) <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43582_641113fb32341654f228c814f014c836.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301OPTIMIZATION THE PARAMETER PROCESS OF SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION TO PRODUCE THE FUNGAL Α-AMYLASE ON AGRO-INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS4414544358310.21608/ajs.2019.43583ENRania M.El-Feky. Food Science Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptA. A.Abdel FattahFood Science Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptA. Y.GibrielFood Science Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptA. A.Farag. Central Laboratory for Agric. Climate, Agric. Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181216The present work is concerned with optimization the process parameter of the production of fungal α-amylase enzyme by Aspergillus niger ATCC 102 and Aspergillus oryzae NRRL 6270 using solid-state fermentation (SSF) process on two agro-industrial by-products. Different cultural parameter and conditions such as moisture content of prepared agro-industrial by-product (30 to 70%), fermentation period (12 to 120 h.) and incubation temperature (25-35°C) were optimized to obtain the maximum yield of α-amylase activity. The study is concerned to produce fungal αamylase on agro-industrial by-products such as inner layers of sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum) (SCB) and corn gluten meal (Zea mays) after addition of germ cake and corn steep liquor (CGM ) were used as solid substrates. The optimum conditions for SSF as follows temperature at 30°C and two moisture content level (60 - 30%) for SCB by Aspergillus niger and CGM after addition of germ cake and corn steep liquor by two fungal strains, respectively and incubation period of 72, 48, 24 hours for SCB by Aspergills niger, CGM by two fungal strains, respectively and SCB by Aspergillus oryzae, producing α-amylase activity 3.49U/g (solid substrate) with SCB by SSF after 24 hours by Aspergillus niger, whereas 3.78U/g (solid substrate) by Aspergillus oryzae after 48 hours. The highest record of amylase activity was obtained on SCB by SSF 3.49U/g (solid substrate) after 24 hours by Aspergillus niger, whereas 3.78U/g (solid substrate) by Aspergillus oryzae <br /> after 48 hours. Optimum α-amylase enzyme activity was observed at 30°C. Utilization of agroindustrial by-product provides an alternative method and value-addition in cost effectiveness of bioprocess. The obtained results demonstrated that, the potential application of the used strategy for αamylase enzyme production from agro-industrial by-products. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43583_981bc3a0fff2c2285399fac5b16c1a2e.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EFFECT OF SUBSTITUTION OF WHEAT FLOUR WITH OAT AND BARLEY MEAL ON THE FUNCTIONAL, RHEOLOGICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF TARHANA4454654358410.21608/ajs.2019.43584ENSalma IsmailM.Food Sci., Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68-Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptI. R.S.RizkFood Sci., Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68-Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptNagwa M.H.RasmyFood Sci., Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68-Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptSamar M.MahdyFood Sci., Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68-Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180921Addition of whole cereal grains’ meal as a source of dietary fibers for the development of tarhana as a value-added functional food was the aim of this study. The effect of substituting wheat flour 72% (WF) with different ratios of whole wheat meal (WWM), oat flakes meal (OFM), whole barley meal (WBM) and mixed-cereal meal (OFM& WBM) on functional, rheological, color and sensorial properties of tarhana samples was determined. Whole cereal grains’ meal showed higher contents of protein, lipids, ash, crude fibers and total phenolic compounds in comparison to wheat flour (72%). pH values of tarhana samples were reduced from 5.22-5.89 to 4.81-5.09 after 72 h. of fermentation. The flow behavior index of tarhana soup samples ranged between 0.11-0.19, indicating the pseudoplasticity of tarhana samples. The higher value of consistency coefficient was recorded for OFM 50% sample followed by WWM 100% sample. Fermentation loss values of tarhana samples ranged between 7.12% for OFM 25% sample and 12.61% for mixed-cereal 50% sample. Substitution of WF in tarhana formulations with whole cereal grains’ meal reduced the yellowness of tarhana samples. Addition of different whole cereal grains’ meal significantly (p<0.05) improved water and oil absorption capacity of tarhana samples. Also, partial substitution of WF with OFM and mixed-cereal meal at ratio of 50% in tarhana recipe has significantly (p<0.05) increased foaming capacity and stability of the final product. The highest values of sensory parameters were observed in Tarhana soups prepared with OFM at ratios of 25& 50%, mixed-cereal meal at 50% and <br /> the control sample. According to the results of this study, it is possible to partially substitute wheat flour with whole cereal grains’ meal in tarhana production in attempt to have a product combining the nutritional value of whole cereal grains and the health benefits of lactic acid bacteria. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43584_0aecfa827cfdc7b42832540c5e05f9d5.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301THERMOTOLERANCE OF Staphylococcus aureus AFTER SUBLETHAL HEAT SHOCK4674774358510.21608/ajs.2019.43585ENWafaa M.MohamedFood Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptM. F.KhallafFood Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptAmal A.HassanFood Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptM. M.LbayoumiFood Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190102The effect of prior heat shock on the thermotolerance of Staphylococcus aureus in broth culture and induction of heat shock proteins was investigated. S . aureus cell wall was, also, examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Specific bacteria were grown at 37°C the optimum temperature (control), sublethally heated at 47, 52, 57 and 60°C for various times, and heat treated at 68°C were done. The estimated average of the D68-values for the control was 4.83 min while for heat shocked treatments ranged from 5.43 to 10.23 min. The current results, also, indicated that 8 - 16 new bands were induced by applying heat shock treatments with molecular weights ranged from 9 to 135 KDa. The induced heat shock proteins further confirmed the increased the thermotolerance. Moreover, selected heat shock treatments caused severe destruction in cell wall (i.e., rupture, irregular and leakage of cell contents), while heat shocked cells after incubating at 37°C for overnight in enriched medium became similar to that of the one’s normal. The enhanced heat resistance of S. aureus should be thought-about in cause of planning effective thermal processes to confirm the microbiological food safety. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43585_66e096a124d024c2689b6fdb623dd039.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301OPTIMIZATION THE ALGINATE PRODUCTION CONDITIONS IN SWEET WHEY MEDIUM BY AZOTOBACTER CHROCOCCUM4794894358610.21608/ajs.2019.43586ENWalaa S.HendawyMicrobiology Dept., National Center for Radiation Research & Technol., Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptY. M.El KananiFood Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptO. I.El BatawyFood Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptT. M.El MongyMicrobiology Dept., National Center for Radiation Research & Technol., Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181025Sweet whey was used as medium for microbial alginate production by Azotobacter chrococcum NCBI MH249629. To optimize alginate production and achieve high yield of alginate, sweet whey medium was prepared using different lactose concentrations (20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 g/L), added organic and inorganic nitrogen sources (yeast extract, Malt extract, ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate), kept at different temperatures (25, 30, 32, 35 & 37ºC), different pH values (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), different agitation speed (100, 120, 150, 170 & 200 rpm), different inoculum size (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10%) and cultivated for different fermentation time (0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108 & 120h). After fermentation time, produced microbial alginate was measured. The results showed that sweet whey could be used as a fermentation medium by Azotobacter chrococcum to produce microbial alginate. The highest yield of alginate (12.56%) as well as productivity of alginate (0.08 g/L/h) was obtained by fermentation of Azotobacter chrococcum in sweet whey medium optimized to 45 g/L lactose concentration as a carbon source and by providing the following conditions which yeast extract 1.5 g/L and ammonium nitrate 0.1 g/L as a nitrogen source and growth promoter, Na2HPO4 1 g/L as mineral salts, Initial pH at 7, size of standard inoculums was 9 % of fermentation medium and the incubation period was 72 hrs.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43586_378edd9290d02c0e89cc060e1cee0944.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF CLOVE AND THYME4914994358710.21608/ajs.2019.43587ENA., A.AbdelـFattahFood Science Dept., Fac. of Agric. Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptYasmin R.AboelazabFood Science Dept., Fac. of Agric. Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptM. F.KhallafFood Science Dept., Fac. of Agric. Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptY. M.El-KenanyFood Science Dept., Fac. of Agric. Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190109This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) ethanolic extracts. Different concentrations of ethanolic extracts were prepared and antimicrobial activity was determined against some bacterial, yeast and mold strains. The antimicrobial activity of examined extracts at different concentrations was determined against different cell population of tested strains and expressed as diameter of inhibition zone. Results showed that all clove and thyme ethanolic extracts were markedly inhibited the growth of all tested strains, however, the inhibition effect was differed with regard to the concentration of ethanolic extract as well as the type of tested microorganism. Generally, clove ethanolic extract had stronger antimicrobial activity rather than that of thyme ethanolic extract. Subsequently, clove and thyme are an extremely strong antimicrobial agent with usefull potential applications in food processing as a natural safe unsted of synthetic antimicrobial agents.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43587_cd15782940111e20bac66868c3c1fe84.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301ASSESSMENT OF GRAPE SEEDS AS A SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS5015094365910.21608/ajs.2019.43659ENZeinab M.HassanMeat and Fish Technology Research Dept., Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Res. Center, Giza, EgypA. S.OshebaMeat and Fish Technology Research Dept., Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Res. Center, Giza, EgypM. F.KhallafFood Sci., Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptA. A.Abdel FattahFood Sci., Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181111The grape seeds extracted with various organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone and chloroform) either pure (100%) or mixed with 30, 50 and 50% water (except chloroform) were evaluated for its content of antioxidant compounds; i.e. phenolics and flavonoids (by HPLC technique) and/or antioxidant activities (by DPPH test). The extraction yield was ranged between 6-10% depending on solvent type and significantly increased by mixing with water with various percentages. Total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of grape seed extracts were affected by type of solvent. The highest total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids was recorded in methanol 70% extract, while the lowest one was in water 100% extract.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43659_856bf34a3657051852cca756b1428402.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF PLECTRANTHUS BARBATUS ANDREWS AS IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANT5115174366010.21608/ajs.2019.43660ENDina S.M.MahmoudTissue Culture Unit, Plant Genetic Resources Dept., Ecology & Dry Land Agriculture Division., Desert Research Center, EL-Matariya, Cairo EgyptLamyaa M.SayedGenetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptM. I.DiabTissue Culture Unit, Plant Genetic Resources Dept., Ecology & Dry Land Agriculture Division., Desert Research Center, EL-Matariya, Cairo EgyptEman M.FahmyGenetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180910Plectranthus barbatus Andrew (Coleus forskolii) is one of the important species of the genus Plectranthus (Coleus) belonging to family Lamiaceae, with a many of traditional medicinal uses in India. C. forskolii is only known source of forskolin; a compound with a many uses in pharmaceutical industries. C. forskolii was lack in Egyptian flora. Moreover, there were no previously studies on this plant in Egypt. Therefore, the present study used tool of biotechnology to conserve the stocks of this plant by micropropagation. C. forskolii seedlings came from its native Thailand at June 2013 and were put in the greenhouse in Desert Research Center for creating an efficient micropropagation protocol. The study was carried out on the effect of growth regulators (cytokinins and auxins) on different micropropagation stages of the explants. In multiplication stage, initiated shoots were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L) of cytokinins (6-benzylaminopurine (BA), Kinetin ( KIN) and Thidiazuron (TDZ). The mean number of axillary shoots per explant of C. forskolii reached the highest value 6.19 ±0.573 on MS medium containing 2.0mg/L TDZ. Where, the highest value of mean length was 6.44± 0.310 cm on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L KIN. The mean number of roots / explant of C. forskolii reached the highest value and the mean length were 30.00 ± 0.577 and 11.8±0.860 cm respectively, on 1/2 MS medium containing 0.5mg/L indole-3-butyric acid(IBA). While, the highest value of shoot length was 11.8±0.860 cm on 1/2 MS medium containing <br /> 2.0mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). A percentage of 83% of rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized after four weeks and grown normally in the greenhouse in sterile soil mixture of garden soil, vermiculate and sand (2:1:1/v/v/v). The protocol could be cost effective and useful in germplasm conservation and delivery of tissue cultured Coleus plants. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43660_153ca0302d10e03e7ba5d3654562cf8d.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301GENETIC DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT OF IN VITRO IRRADIATED TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM MILL.) USING SCOT MARKERS5195274366110.21608/ajs.2019.43661ENO.HelmyNatural Products Research Dept., National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.A. H.Abo DomaGenetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptEl-FikiEl-FikiNatural Products Research Dept., National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.Eman M.FahmyGenetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptG.El-MetabtebNatural Products Research Dept., National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.M.AdlyNatural Products Research Dept., National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20181009Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is considered the major and important globally vegetable crops especially in Egypt. Tissue culture techniques have facilitated the induction of mutant which helps in crop improvement. The mutation induction in vegetative crops through tissue culture may be the optimal method to improve these crops. Tomato explants of Idkawy Egyptian cultivar were cultured in vitro on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L BAP. The resulted plantlets were irradiated with different gamma radiation doses (50, 100, 150, 200 or 250 Gy) and the survival and mean of shoot length decreased as gamma radiation doses increased. The survival percentages of irradiated plantlets were ranged from 78.75% with 50 Gy dose to 18.75% with 250 Gy dose, while the shoot length values were decreased by a rate of 2.71 cm for dose 50 Gy and 1.2 cm for 250 Gy dose. The ten SCoT primers amplified a total of 114 amplicons with a range from 4 with SCoT-4 primer to 18 amplicons with SCoT-5 primer with an average of 11.4 amplicons per primer, The radiation specific markers were ranged from one fragment with SCoT-1 and SCoT-2 primers, SCoT- 5 two fragments with primer to five fragments with SCoT-3 and SCoT-33 primers. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43661_df72935e8ff2a34292314bca339a0e96.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190330DETECTION FOR MECA GENE IN EGYPTIAN CLINICAL Staphylococcus aureus SAMPLES AND STUDY THEIR GENOTOXIC ACTIVITY5295374366210.21608/ajs.2019.43662ENMarwa HassanHassanGenetic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-3156-2132S. A.IbrahimGenetic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA. B.Abdel RazekGenetic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptSawsan Y.ElateekGenetic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190225Staphylococcus aureus isolates were isolated from fifty clinical samples collected from Ain Shams University Hospitals (March - July 2016) and identified using biochemical and microbiological tests. PCR was performed using specific primers to determine the isolates of Methicillin - Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) based on the presence of mecA gene. Thirty-four isolates from total fifty isolates (68%) were identified as MRSA isolates. To study the genotoxicity for this isolates, forty-five mice were injected with these MRSA isolates and comet and micronuclei assays were performed on mice liver tissues and bone marrow respectively. These assays revealed 24% - 22% DNA damage as an indicator for chromosomal breakage by comet and micronucleus assays respectively which indicate that infection with these isolates leads to mutations. Studying these isolate furthermore will give an insight on how critical maintaining high standard hygiene in Egyptian hospitals and attention to infection control system can prevent occur of outbreakshttps://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43662_699215321514d7508d294a81f5a8dddf.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301ASSESSMENT OF CYTOTOXIC AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF Zygophyllum album AND Suaeda palastina EXTRACTS ON HUMAN LIVER CANCER CELL LINES5395444366310.21608/ajs.2019.43663ENMarwa M.El-AttarRadioisotopes Dept., Atomic Energy Authority, EgyptA. A.AwadGenetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241,Cairo, EgyptF. M.Abdel-TawabGenetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241,Cairo, EgyptH. A.KamelRadioisotopes Dept., Atomic Energy Authority, EgyptS. AhmadAhmadCell Biology Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, EgyptAmal I.HassanRadioisotopes Dept., Atomic Energy Authority, EgyptJournal Article20190129In this study, anticancer activity of Zygophyllum album and Suaeda palastina extracts was evaluated. Dichloromethane, methanol and hot water were used as solvents for extraction. Results indicated that the highest half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) on human lung carcinoma (A549) cell lines was achieved by dichloromethane extracts of Z. album and S. palastina (70.48 μg/ml and 34.82 μg/ml respectively) compared to methanolic and hot water extracts. Furthermore, dichloromethane extracts of both plants had antiproliferative effect and highly cytotoxicity on human cancer cells. IC50 of Z. album was 27.74 μg/ml in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), while IC50 of S. palaestina was 30.76 μg/ml with no cytotoxic activity on normal cell lines. In conclusion, these results suggest that Z. album and S. palaestina could be a good candidate species as a natural source of anticancer agents.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43663_5b4304434d0f3a73546db2bdfc23fcf3.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF TRICHODERMA SPECIES FROM SOILS FOR USING AGAINST SOME SOILBORNE FUNGAL PATHOGENS5455524366410.21608/ajs.2019.43664ENNada Kh.Abd El-AzizGenetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA. B.Abd El-RazekGenetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptS. A.IbrahemGenetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181028Hydrolytic enzyme producing Trichoderma species have long been recognized as an agent for controlling plant diseases caused by various phytopathogenic fungi. A study was done to characterize four isolates of Trichoderma isolated from the rhizosphere of different crop plants to characterize and identify certain biocontrol related enzymes (β1,3-glucanase and chitinase). Morphological and molecular characterize action of antagonistic ability of Trichoderma species were studied. On the basis of morphological and culture characteristics, the Trichoderma isolates were identified as T. harizanum (1 isolate), T. viride (3 isolates). These isolates were tested against plant pathogens (Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium and Fusarium oxysporum). The best isolate producing chitinase (overproduction) was T. harizanum from (160 to 0.64) mg/ml. On the other hand the best isolate gave over production β-1; 3-glucanase over production was T. viride from (2250 to 2.20 mg/ml)https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43664_6f849e436c9ab53a43d40cb41acbbad0.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF PECTINASE PRODUCING BACTERIAL ISOLATE Klebsiella oxytoca5535614366510.21608/ajs.2019.43665ENNagwa. M.Abdel-AzizGenetic Microbial Dept., National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptA. G.AtallahGenetic Microbial Dept., National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptS. Kh.Abdel-AalGenetic Microbial Dept., National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptE. A.MohamedGenetic Microbial Dept., National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptS. A.IbrahimGenetic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA.Zein ElabedeenGenetic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181111Twenty two bacteria were isolated from soil samples local. were assayed for pectinolytic activity after optimization condition for pectinase production. isolate No. 22 showed high pectinase specific activity (91.4U/ml) on glucose supplemented medium. the identification of the isolate revealed that it belongs to the Genus klebseilla bassed on morphological, biochemical characteristic, growth and molecular level 16s rRNA indicated that isolate was 99% similarity with Klebsiella oxytoca JKo3. Therefore, it was named Klebsiella oxytoca N22.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43665_3912a5ab2b21915829be486cc0852322.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301DEVELOPMENT OF IN VITRO SOMACLONAL VARIATION FOR PELARGONIUM GRAVEOLENS L’HERIT, AIT5635774366610.21608/ajs.2019.43666ENRasha I.M.HariedyMedicinal and Aromatic Plant Research Dept., Horticulture Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.M. A.RashedGenetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptMahassen M.A.SidkyMedicinal and Aromatic Plant Research Dept., Horticulture Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20181014In vitro somaclonal variation via callus is considered as one of the most effective tool for improvement of vegetative propagated crops. Different combinations of cytokinine (BA) and auxine (NAA) were used to induce somaclonal variation from leaf explants of the Egyptian geranium cultivar, Pelargonium graveolens L’Herit, Ait. El Qanater El khayria cv.8. Callus induction and regenerated shoots from callus were evaluated; 2.5 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA was the optimal for callus induction and number of regenerated shoots. The obtained plantlets were acclimatized under glasshouse conditions with 80% to 90% survival and were transferred to the open field. The evaluation of growth traits and oil analysis were done for the new 13 clones compared with the mother plant in randomized block design for two successive seasons. Characterization of these new clones for morphological traits and essential oil yield and quality demonstrated the induction of variability in negative and positive directions in some characteristics in comparison with the mother plant. Clone no.7 was the superior clone in herb 2264.7 & 2357.3 g/plant and oil yield 2.436 & 3.065 ml/plant in first and second season, respectively, than the mother plant and other new clones with acceptable content of citronellol 25.63% and geraniol 26.52% as a parameter for volatile oil quality. The genetic variation of the new geranium clones were tested using SRAP technique based on PCR, the polymorphism was detected using 16 <br /> pairs of SRAP primers in combinations as forward and reverse. The genetic differences between new clones and the mother plant were ascertained with SRAP primer pair (me2 em4); a unique profile for clone no.7 was detected in SRAP analysis. The similarity percentage varied between 66.7% to 100% homologies among the new clones and their mother plant. The presence of genetic variation between new clones and the mother plant proved that the calliclones were somaclonal mutants, and the geranium cultivar, El Qanater El khayria cv.8, was improved for high yield in herb and essential oil.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43666_b75ec3a8610a17478b0291622e903909.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301DEVELOPMENT OF SOME TOLERANT YEAST (SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE) STRAINS TO HEAT AND SALT STRESSES5795844366710.21608/ajs.2019.43667ENSara K.Abd El-MaksoudGenetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptM. M.SayedGenetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptFatma M.BadawyGenetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptEman M.FahmyGenetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181021All living organisms are subjected to changing in conservational conditions, to which they must adapt to. Stress is defined as a threat refers to the physiological balance of systems critical to survival organisms. Five yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were subjected to different adverse environmental situations, such as thermal, osmotic and oxidative (salt) stresses. The objective of this work was to detect the most tolerant yeast strains under salt or heat stresses. Five yeast strains were exposed in a first experiment to heat stress at 20°C or 40°C beside to the control at 30°C to detect the more tolerant strain. The same yeast strains were subjected in a second experiment to two different concentrations of salt stress (NaCl); 0.5 or 1.0 M, separately, for two days (at 30°C as normal temperature for growth), other strains were exposed to 0.5 M concentration of NaCl for 24 hours, then 1 M for another 24 hours. For the heat stress results, strain S4 was more tolerant at 40oCwith insignificant difference compared to the control (30oC), while it showed significant difference at 20°C. Strain S5 also was more tolerant at 20oC with insignificant difference compared to the control. For salt treatment, the only insignificant value was for strain S3at 0.5M NaCl compared with the control. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43667_bd2ff90e01737a274c73bdf5c798a8cd.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301ASSESSMENT OF GENOTОXIC EFFECTS OF SOME FOOD ADDITIVES ON SOME HUMAN CANCER CELLS5855934366810.21608/ajs.2019.43668ENShimaa E.RashadNational Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptF. M.Abdel-TawabGenetic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptEman M.FahmyGenetic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptA.AttallahNational Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptEkramAhmedNational Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptA. A.HaggranNational Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181218Some food additives commonly used by humans have been recently proved to be mutagenic. It is of significant importance to evaluate their genotoxic effects, since they are frequently consumed by humans in their daily meals. In this study, we investigated the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG), sodium benzoate (SB) and saffron on human cell lines; lung cancer (A549), breast cancer (MCF7), colon cancer (Caco-3) and normal lung (Wi38) cell line as control. Cytotoxicity of food additives was screened on multiple cell lines and examined by NR assay (Neutral Red assay). The present study focused on the cytotoxic activity of the food additives and its possible underlying mechanisms. The results showed that food additives; MSG, SB and saffron induced profound cytotoxicity in cancer cells of human colon cancer (Caco-3) (IC50 = 33.92, 15.01, 3.98 μg/ml), human breast cancer (MCF7) (IC50 = 12.79, 0.378, 10.73 μg/ml), human lung cancer cell line (A549) (IC50 = 27.37, 0.45, 2.46 μg/ml), respectively. Moreover, food additives exhibited cytotoxic activity on normal lung cell lines (Wi38) (IC50 = 4.25, 0.733, 18.14 μg/ml). These data indicated that food additives decreased cell viability in malignant and nonmalignant cells as well as confirmed the occurrence of their cytotoxic effects.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43668_aecf741f838bdce18b19957ca95e6cb2.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF EGGPLANT AS AFFECTED BY PINK PIGMENTED FACULTATIVE METHYLOTROPHIC BACTERIA5956044367110.21608/ajs.2019.43671ENH. M.Abd El-SalamHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptA.A.Horticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptH. G.Abd El-GawadHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptA. A.AbdelhafezMicrobiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181015The present study was suggested as an attempt to investigate the effects of Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotrophic Bacteria (PPFM) dipping and foliar spray on vegetative growth and yield of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Field experiments were carried out during the summer seasons of 2014 and 2015 at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University. The vegetative growth of eggplant responded positively to dipping seedlings in PPFM which gave the highest values of growth parameters, i.e. number of leaves per plant, leaf area, nitrogen & potassium concentration in leaf and total protein in fruit, in the two seasons as compared with control (dipping in water). The application of PPFM as foliar spray, increased significantly plant growth (plant length, leaf number, potassium concentration in leaf, vitamin "C" in fruit and total yield per plant) in the two seasons as compared with the other studied foliar application treatments. The interaction between dipping seedlings in PPFM and PPFM foliar spray with all concentrations gave synergistic effects on growth parameters and yield components of eggplant, during the two growing seasons as compared with either individual foliar application or control plants.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43671_6e176beb265e569f79c886124afed912.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190330EFFECT OF SALINE WATER ON GROWTH, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND MICROBIOLOGICAL SAFETY EVALUATION OF RADISH ETIOLATED SPROUTS6056134367210.21608/ajs.2019.43672ENAmira M.BondokRegional Center for food and Feed- Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.H. G.Abd El-GawadHorticultural Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptM. M.Abd El- GhanyRegional Center for food and Feed- Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Mز M.F.AbdallahHorticultural Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190224Egyptian radish sterilized seeds were sprouted for 3 days using tap and saline water NaCl 2000 ppm to study sprout characters, chemical composition, protein fraction and safety aspects such as microbiological examinations and biogenic amines were investigated at 3 days old. The results indicated that sterilized seeds increased sprout growth compared with non-sterilized. Seeds sprouting increased in protein content, moister, ash and fibers while carbohydrate, lipid content and energy decrease in etiolated sprouts. Using saline water and seeds sterilization for sprouting increased albumin, globulin and glutenin fractionation but decreased prolamin compared with sprouts produced with tap water and without seed sterilization. Using sterilization by 2% calcium hypochlorite of seeds before sprouting led to decreasing in total bacterial count compared with non-sterile seeds sprouts, the same was in total coliform, total yeast and total fungi counts. The sprouts product which washed with saline water was contain total bacterial count less than which washed by tap water. All sprouts under investigation were free from feacal coliform and all examined pathogenic microorganism under investigation like Staph. aureus, B. cereus and Salmonella spp. Use sterilized seeds for sprouting caused big decrement on biogenic amines content of radish sprout. Radish sprout contain biogenic amines but it is lower than previous ranges, sprouts can be considered a safe food and germination of seeds either use tap or saline water.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43672_74d5a347fb2ff0860d34c73c79268c86.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301INFLUENCE OF PRE-HARVEST SALICYLIC AND SOME AMINO ACIDS TREATMENTS ON QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF PEAR FRUITS CV. LE-CONTE DURING COLD STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE6156334367310.21608/ajs.2019.43673ENE. H.KhedrPomology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ., Giza, EgyptJournal Article20180326This study aimed to determine the relationship between preharvest treatments by salicylic acid, Larginine and L-tryptophan with fruit quality of pear cv. Le-Conte during cold storage at 0◦C and 9095% RH for 12 weeks followed by shelf life at 22◦C for 12 days. Treatments included L-arginine at 100 and 200 ppm, L-tryptophan at 50 and 100 ppm, salicylic acid at 100 and 200 ppm and water as control, all treatments were sprayed on mature trees until run off twice; at full bloom stage and at initial fruit set stage. All conducted treatments were effective in maintaining fruit quality compared with control. Tryptophan at 100 ppm showed the highest significant TSS values, while salicylic acid at 200 ppm showed the lowest significant TSS values during cold storage and shelf life circumstances. Salicylic acid at 100 and 200 ppm showed the lowest weight loss percentages, salicylic at 200 ppm decreased the rate of decay incidence, showed the lowest significant respiration rates, also it was effective in alleviating core browning. In addition, salicylic acid at 200 ppm significantly maintained firmness of fruits, and showed higher h° value of fruits peel, ascorbic acid concentrations, total phenols content and antioxidant capacity values of LeConte pear fruits. Preharvest treatments by salicylic acid, L-arginine and L-tryptophan positively influenced postharvest fruit quality, salicylic acid at 200 ppm effectively maintained fruit quality during cold storage and shelf life.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43673_cd6415f2d195d1600f3a9697927d58be.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301ESTIMATE OF SOME GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR SOME VEGETATIVE AND YIELDING TRAITS IN COMPLETE DIALLEL CROSSES AMONG FIVE INBRED LINES OF CUCUMBER6356484367410.21608/ajs.2019.43674ENO. A.M.Gad AllaHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptS. M.El-MiniawyHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptS. A.Abd El-HadyHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptI. I.El-OkshHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180922This experiment was implemented in the experimental farm of (Misr hytech seed co. Giza, Egypt) during winter growing seasons 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the inheritance of some cucumber vegetative and yielding traits using a complete diallel cross among five inbred lines. The results showed that the mean square of genotypes, parental inbred lines, crosses and parent vs crosses were significant for the studied traits. The hybrids P2xP4 and P2xP5 exhibited a useful heterosis relative to Mp and Bp for the fruit yield per plant and number of leaves per plant. The mean square of general and specific combining ability was significant for the studied traits. The higher GCA/SCA ratio than the unity of the studied traits indicating to the greatest role of the additive gene action in the expression of these traits. The inbred lines P1 and P 2 exhibited significant positive i g ˆ effects in the traits of number of fruit per plant and fruit yield per plant, so these inbred lines could be act as a good combiner for developing high yielding genotypes. The F1 hybrids P1xP3, P2xP4, P2xP5 and P4xP5 as well as the reciprocal hybrids P4xP1, P4xP2, P4xP3 <br /> and P5xP3 recorded a significant positive ij S ^<br /> effect but the reciprocal hybrids recorded a significant rij effect. The results revealed to more than one hybrid distinct in some traits that could be utilized in the greenhouse cucumber cultivation and the future breeding programs. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43674_41e9b8f3940ff99ad82fb05692935410.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301LIPID METABOLISM IN DIABETIC RATS AS AFFECTED BY CANOLA AND MUSTARD SEED SPROUTS6496574367810.21608/ajs.2019.43678ENHanaa M.AmerHorticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.Tahany A.A.AlyRegional Center for Food and Feed, ARC, Giza- Egypt . 3K. M.TobgyHorticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.M. M.F.AbdallahHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyak Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt.N.El-ShahatAgric. Biochemistry Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyak Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20181013Canola (Brassica juncea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seed sprout effects on diabetic rats have no available information and to clarify their effects, both sprouts were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic and normal rats. Rats were fed on a semi-modified diet containing 10% of canola or mustard sprouted using tap or saline water for sprouting ad-libitum for 6 weeks. STZ showed increases in blood sugar, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), vary low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) and triglycerides (TG). The addition of canola and mustard with or without salinty at 10% to diabetic rats diet as semimodified diet resulted a significant decrease in blood glucose, TG and VLDL-c and data was more pronounced using mustard sprouted or saline water without changes in the HDL-c parameter. These results showed that canola and mustard especially mustard sprouted in saline water had a hypoglycemic activity in diabetic rats and partly improved lipid metabolism in the experimental rats, with non-toxic to rats in doses given over 6 weeks period in this study.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43678_df6706baf46f72e3441ad03e186755e8.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION WITH ALGAE AND MORINGA LEAVES EXTRACTS ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH, LEAF MINERAL CONTENTS, YIELD AND CHEMICAL FRUIT QUALITY OF PICUAL OLIVE TREES6596714367910.21608/ajs.2019.43679ENA. M.HassanPomology Dept., National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptN.Abd-AlhamidHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, EgyptRawheya B.M.A.AlyHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, EgyptH. S.A.HassanPomology Dept., National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190113 <br /> This study was carried out during 2017 and 2018 seasons on adult Picual olive cv. (8 years old) in a private orchard located at Cairo Ismailia Desert Road, (about 80 Km from Cairo), Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Trees are grown in sandy soil, under drip irrigation system, uniform in shape and received the common horticultural practices, therefore, this work aims to study the effect of spraying different concentrations and dates spray of algae and moringa leaf extract (MLE) for tow times on the vegetative growth, leaf mineral contents, yield and fruit chemical properties of Picual olive trees. Results indicated that all different spraying treatments of algae and moringa extract at different spraying dates had a positive effect on vegetative growth, leaf mineral contents, fruit set, yield and fruit chemical properties in comparison with the control. Treatments of algae extract at 0.4% + moringa leaves extract at 2% and algae extract at 0.4% + moringa leaves extract at 4% were the most effective treatments to increase vegetative growth, improve leaf mineral content, fruit set, yield and oil content. Thus, these treatments can be recommended for commercial use under similar conditions https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43679_d76d0132b95bf80f377fdb2eb095bbdc.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EFFECT OF DIFFERENT NITROGEN FERTILIZER RATES AND SOURCES ON LEAF CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS AND YIELD OF QUINOA PLANT AS A NEW LEAFY VEGETABLE CROP6736894368110.21608/ajs.2019.43681ENHeba M.A.KhaterAgricultural & Biological Research Division, Vegetable Research Dept., National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza, EgyptM. E.RagabHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptS. M.YoussefHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptAisha H.AliAgricultural & Biological Research Division, Vegetable Research Dept., National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20180827Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has gained increased a worldwide attention since 1970s when it has been revived as a new food crop, due to the attractive nutritive value and potential health benefits as well as to its exceptional tolerance to several environmental stresses. It is considered as a new non-traditional leafy vegetable crop newly introduced to Egypt. Nitrogen requirements for quinoa plants are not clarified yet and the numbers of studies is still quite limited. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources as ammonium sulfate 20.6% or calcium nitrate 15.5% used at rates of 40, 60 or 80 kg N/feddan on leaf chemical compositions and yield of two quinoa cultivars of Cica and Hualhuas harvested after 40 days from sowing date. A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Horticulture Dept., the Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt, during the two winter seasons of 2015 and 2016. The treatments were laid out in a split plot design, with three replicates. The obtained results revealed that Cica cultivar was superior to Hualhuas concerning all measured chemical parameters of leaves and leaf yield during both seasons, except for leaf contents of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, ash, fats, Ca and Fe, where Hualhuas cultivar was superior to Cica in these parameters. However, no significant differences were detected between both cultivars regarding leaf carbohydrates content in both seasons. Re<br /> garding nitrogen rates and sources, quinoa plants received 80 kg N/feddan as calcium nitrate gave the highest significant values of carotenoids, nitrate, proteins, ash, N, K and Fe contents in both seasons of the study. Whereas, nitrogen treatment of 80 kg N/feddan from ammonium sulfate gave the highest values of leaf contents of Ca and leaf yield in both seasons. Nitrogen treatment of 60 kg N/feddan from calcium nitrate showed the highest significant values of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll contents during both seasons. No significant differences were realized among all nitrogen treatments (rates and sources) on P content in both seasons. In relation to the interaction effect, the results clearly revealed that leaves of Cica plants received 80 kg N/feddan either from ammonium sulfate or calcium nitrate recorded significant increases in carotenoids, nitrate, proteins, ash, N, P, K and Na contents as well as yield without significant differences between them. On the other hand, the best values of chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll in both seasons were attained when Hualhuas plants received 60 kg N/feddan from calcium nitrate. Moreover, there were no significant differences noticed among nitrogen treatments applied to Cica plants in both seasons on Na. Furthermore, the best values of Zn content were obtained when Cica plants treated with 40 kg N/feddan from ammonium sulfate or 60 kg N/feddan from calcium nitrate without significant differences between them in both seasons of the study. Given the experimental conditions of this study, it is concluded that Cica plants received 80 kg N/feddan either from ammonium sulfate or calcium nitrate gave the highest yield of leaves with acceptable quality attributes. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43681_b1e65b1d696ca00cbdfcb71c181d8990.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZAE AND DIFFERENT RATES OF NPK ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO PLANT UNDER NORTH SINAI CONDITIONS6916974368310.21608/ajs.2019.43683ENM. M.H.,HegazyPlant Production Dept., Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptA.Abou El-YaziedHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptH. G.Abd El-GawadHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptA.Abd-ElbasetPlant Production Dept., Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181114The experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizae (Glomus sp. and Gigspora sp.) application on the vegetative growth and yield of tomato plants (Alisa cultivar), and its relevance to the mineral fertilizers requirements as NPK during the seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. The experiments were conducted at Baloza Research Station, Desert Research Center, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replicates, every replicate included 4 treatments (75 and100% of the recommended mineral fertilizer only or combined with the mycorrhizae treatment). The results showed that mycorrhizae application significantly increased the vegetative growth characters of tomato plant such as plant height, number of shoots, number of leaves, stem diameter, fresh and dry weights and yield. There were no significant differences in the vegetative growth characteristics of tomato plants receiving 75% of mineral fertilizers in addition to mycorrhizae application as compared with plants receiving 100% of mineral fertilizers only, except for the fresh weight of plants. The plants were received 100% of the recommended mineral fertilizers combined with mycorrhizae treatment gave the highest values of vegetative growth characters and yield. Therefore, we recommended that, using of mycorrhizae could be affective to maximize the utilization of mineral fertilizers, in addition, the mycorrhizea is ecofriendly, economically and consid<br /> ered as one of the most important bio-fertilizer resources.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43683_9a31aa1dbd84421ba60bf50d56f71168.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190330MEDICINAL COMPOUNDS OF QUERCUS BARK AND RELATED AGRICULTURAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS6997064368710.21608/ajs.2019.43687ENH. O.ElansaryPlant Production Dept., College of Food and Agric. Sci., King Saud Univ., Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Kingdom.A.SzopaPharmaceutical Botany Dept., Medical College, Jagiellonian Univ., Kraków, Poland.PKubicaPharmaceutical Botany Dept., Medical College, Jagiellonian Univ., Kraków, Poland.Eman A.MahmoudFood Industries Dept., Fac. of Agric., Damietta University, Damietta. Egypt.HalinaEkiertPharmaceutical Botany Dept., Medical College, Jagiellonian Univ., Kraków, Poland.K.YessoufouGeography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies Dept., Johannesburg Univ., South Africa.T. K.Zin El-AbedinAgric. Eng. Dept., College of Food and Agric. Sci., King Saud Univ., Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Kingdom.Journal Article20190228Identifying phenols in ornamental trees may provide sources of natural compounds that have applications in the agricultural and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, we profiled phenolic acids in the bark of Quercus sp. using HPLC-DAD. Q. robur showed high ellagic acid (in Q. robur). Q. macrocarpa had high caffeic acid. All species showed antibacterial and antifungal activities. P. aeruginosa was the most sensitive species for bark extracts. The antifungal activities were high against A. flavus. The study revealed new natural sources of phenolic acids that have antimicrobial activities with agricultural and pharmaceutical applications. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43687_aa6dc65d4ed2c9854646d822d04bfa59.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EFFECT OF SOAKING AND SPROUTING USING SALINE WATER ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WHEAT GRAINS7077154368810.21608/ajs.2019.43688ENT. H.A.HusseinRegional Center for Food and Feed, Agric. Res. Center. Giza, Egypt0009-0008-9663-2008Y. M.Abd El-ShafeaRegional Center for Food and Feed, Agric. Res. Center. Giza, EgyptU. A.A.El-BehairyHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, EgyptM. M.F.AbdallahHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181203In the current research, wheat grains were used to study the effect of grain soaking and sprouting using tap water and saline water (NaCl solution) on sprout growth, proximate analysis, minerals content, anti-nutritional and antioxidant compounds of sterilized grains (soaked for 0.33h) and soaked grains for imbibition (12h) and sprouted grain for 24h old. Results revealed that the longest radical of 24h old wheat sprout was observed at 2000 ppm NaCl, and shortest was observed at 4000 ppm NaCl. Soaked wheat grains (12h) for imbibition recorded the highest moisture content (10.2 to 10.9%) while soaked for 20 min (0.33h) in calcium hypochlorite for sterilization recorded medium content (8.8 to 9.9%) and the lowest one recorded in 24h old wheat sprouts (6.9 to 7.2%). The low moisture content the high total carbohydrate, total fats and energy and vice versa. Soaked grains for sterilization period (0.33 h) and imbibition (12h) increased zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and calcium (Ca) while non-sterilized only potassium (K). Tap water increased sprout magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) content while saline water increased sprout magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) content. Grain sprouting was effective in reducing phytic acid, oxalate and alkaloids anti-nutrient in wheat sprouts especially when using sterilized grains. Soaking non sterilized grains for imbibition (12h) in saline water contained higher total phenol, flavonoids and total antioxidant. Etiolated wheat sprouts contained lower total <br /> flavonoids and antioxidant compared with soaked grains in saline water. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43688_4ea99d37689cd7adf946e8d75c1cd5b6.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301INFLUENCE OF SPROUTING USING BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC ELICITORS ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RADISH SEEDS (RAPHANUS SATIVUS)7177264369010.21608/ajs.2019.43690ENIslam TorkTorkRegional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptA. A.M.AbdelhafezAgric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptFatma A.A.MostafaRegional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptM. M.F.AbdallahHortic. Dept., Fac. of Agric, Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20191013Germination is a way to improve agricultural productivity and easily to use by low income families, in particular with using some elicitors in germination for enhancing the nutrition value of the seeds by sprouting. For their highly metabolic activities after harvesting, radish seeds were selected for performance of this study. The effect of using abiotic elicitor (saline water, by NaCl at different concentrations) and biotic elicitor (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on sprouting of radish seed has been investigated. After germinating radish seeds for six days using elicitors, chemical analysis and determination for phytochemicals contents have been carried out. Results showed a promising efficiency by sprouting, where an appreciable increasing in some analysis as protein, carbohydrates, some minerals and amino acids comparing to seed. Besides, germination had a positive effect to present some phyto-compounds as some flavonoids, terpenoids and phenolic compounds. Then, this study and similar ones are an important step towards the future development of value-added foods with elicited phytochemicals and can be used in the development of innovative food products with beneficial effects on human’s health. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43690_628db3917850a2f9e8c357b7de59ca08.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EFFECT OF INTERSTOCK ON GROWTH AND LEAF MINERAL CONTENT OF NAVEL ORANGE TRANSPLANTS7277364369110.21608/ajs.2019.43691ENMarwa M.YahiaPlant Production Dept., Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptH. MEl WakeelHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptM. S.F.SamaanHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptO. H.ElgamaalPlant Production Dept., Desert Research Center, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190227Two famous Citrus rootstocks sour orange (C. aurantium.) and volkamer lemon (C. volkamariana.) were tested as interstocks at the stage of transplant production to investigate their mutual effects on the scion growth characteristics, mineral content, carbohydrates, total indols and phenols from side; and rootstock growth traits. nitrogen content, carbohydrates, indols and phenols from the other side. Also the results indicated that Navel orange budded on C. volkamariana grafted on C. volkamariana achieved significantly the highest scion height, root length, leaf number. The highest content of N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn and total phenols in scion stem. Moreover, the mentioned treatment gained the highest significant carbohydrates in roots.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43691_435fde4e7d91dd97c49c2d401c98f514.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301DIRECT EMBRYOGENESIS AND INDIRECT ORGANOGENESIS OF DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) CV. SEWI USING IMMATURE FEMALE INFLORESCENCES7377474369310.21608/ajs.2019.43693ENMervat M.H.MalhatGenetic Engineering Research Institute, Agric., Res. Center, Giza, EgyptH.El-WakeelHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptA.Abd El-HamidHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptS. S.KhalilGenetic Engineering Research Institute, Agric., Res. Center, Giza, EgyptMona M.HassanCentral Laboratory for Date Palm Researches Development, Agric., Res-Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181125This study was achieved at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Giza, Egypt during the period from 2013 to 2017, Direct embryo initiation and callus formation of date palm cv. Sewi from immature female inflorescences have been achieved on modified MS medium supplemented with 4 mg l-1 Picloram plus 3 mg l-1 2 iP and 2 g l-1 PVP. Results also showed that BA at 0.5 mg l-1 produce the highest number of differentiated embryos/culture, while kinetin at 0.25 mg l-1 significantly increased the average number of adventitious shoots/culture. NAA at 1.0 mg l-1 induced the highest rooting percentage and micro-shoot length. On the other hand the best survival percentage during the acclimatization stage was observed with plantlets produced from IBA at 0.5 mg l-1 during the rooting stage.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43693_5070a5753f3f2c71a9f5184d485f7097.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SOIL -BORNE FUNGAL PATHOGENS7497604369410.21608/ajs.2019.43694ENMagdy AhmedMadkourArid Lands Agriculture Research Institute, faculty of Agriculture, Ain-Shams universityM. A.AfifiHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptE. A.MetryAgriculture Genetic Engineering Research Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptI. M.IsmailAgriculture Genetic Engineering Research Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181126Seventeen bacterial isolates have been successfully isolated and purified from soil rhizosphere samples collected from different agricultural areas Buhayra, Sharqia and Alqilyubia of Egypt, and screened for production of chitinase enzymes had the highest chitinolytic activities amongst those investigated. Isolate S3-C and S1-C were Identified by biochemical, physiological tests and 16s rRNA gene primer as Bacillus cereus S3C, Gene Bank NCBI accession MK185696 and Bacillus cereus S1C accession MK185697. The production of chitinase by B.cereus S3C and Bacillus cereus S1C was optimized using colloidal chitin medium amended with 1% colloidal chitin at 30°C after five days of incubation. B.cereus S3C had potential for cell wall lysis of many phytopathogenic fungi tested such as Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani Potato phytopathogenic fungi by in vitro antagonistic test. The addition of B. cereus S3C chitinase was more effective than that of B.cereus S1C in increasing the resistance of Potato plants infected with various Soil- borne phytopathogenic fungi.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43694_5b7c3892b04c4d12f94eaa6cb8f2ee3f.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190330EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF POTASSIUM SILICATE AND SOME POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS ON GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY AND STORABILITY OF GARLIC7617734369510.21608/ajs.2019.43695ENAmany A.Abdel-LatifPotatoes and Vegetables Reproduction Dept. - Horticulture Research Institute, Giza, EgyptNadia M.IbrahimPotatoes and Vegetables Reproduction Dept. - Horticulture Research Institute, Giza, EgyptShadia A.IsmailPotatoes and Vegetables Reproduction Dept. - Horticulture Research Institute, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190220Two experiments were carried out in the experimental farm of Al-Kanater Research Station at ElQalyubia Governorate, during the two consecutive years of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 to investigate the effect of potassium silicate foliar application on growth, productivity and some postharvest treatments on storability of garlic ((Allium sativum L.)" clone sids 40". In the field experiment, the treatments comprised of control(water spray),foliar application of potassium silicate at 4000, 6000 and 8000ppm and plants were sprayed at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting. In the storage experiment, cured bulbs were stored at room temperature conditions and subjected to sixteen postharvest treatments included the previous four treatments (the three potassium silicate levels and control). In addition, three spraying treatments of sodium silicate at 6000 ppm, chitosan at 200 ppm and calcium chloride at 3000 ppm both separately and their combinations with potassium silicate (three treatments in field) were done. The results revealed that, the highest plant length, number of leaves, fresh, dry weight\plant, neck diameter, bulb diameter and chlorophyll content of garlic were achieved from foliar application of potassium silicate at the 4000ppm after 120 days from planting compared to the control. Foliar spray of potassium silicate at 4000 ppm recorded the highest total yield and bulb quality such as bulb diameter, bulb weight/plant, number of cloves, cloves weight, total soluble solids and dry matter of bulbs. Leaf K percentage significantly increased by spraying of potassium silicate at 6000ppm.Further, all potassium silicate treatments recorded higher silicon percentage over the control. <br /> Postharvest results showed that weight loss and shrinking percentages of the bulbs after 7 months of the storage were the least with the foliar application of potassium silicate at 8000ppm plus chitosan at 200ppm in storage followed by chitosan individually, potassium silicate at 8000 ppm and potassium silicate at 6000 ppm combined with calcium chloride as a postharvest treatment. However, the highest total soluble solids after 7 months of the storage was obtained from foliar spraying of potassium silicate at 4000 ppm combined with either sodium silicate or chitosan. Also, bulbs treated with foliar application of potassium silicate at 6000 or 8000 ppm combined with chitosan at 200 ppm, had the highest values of dry matter after 7 months from storage. In general, foliar application of potassium silicate at 4000ppm was the superior treatment for enhancing plant growth, yield and quality. Also, foliar application of potassium silicate at 8000ppm and sprayed with chitosan at 200 ppm was the most effective for garlic storability seven months at the room temperature conditions. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43695_2da65bfcd08aa230b7e9ab4745969c79.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301IMPROVING THE FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY OF CUCUMBER BY GRAFTING ONTO DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS7757854369610.21608/ajs.2019.43696ENS. M.MohammedProtected Cultivation Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptM. E.RagabHorticultural Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra, 11241 Cairo, EgyptH. G.MetwalyHorticultural Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra, 11241 Cairo, EgyptS. M.KabeelProtected Cultivation Dept., Hort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20180916Two experiments were carried out under low polyethylene tunnels which furnished with drip irrigation during the two successive winter seasons of 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 at Elbrollous area which represents the circumstance and conditions of coastal zone of north Nile Delta kafr Elsheikh Governorate. The objective of the investigation was to find out the effect of grafting by different cucurbita rootstocks on cucumber hybrid "ESHRAK" (Cucumis sativus, L.) on vegetative growth, flowering, yield and fruit characteristics, beside nutrient contents of cucumber plants. Results showed that grafted cucumber plants on Super Shintoza led to significant increase in vegetative growth,i.e., stem length, number of leaves, number of branches and leaf area,fruit fresh weight (g), number of fruits, total yield were greater with grafted cucumber plants on Super Shintoza followed by grafted cucumber plants on cv. Ferro. However grafting had no significant effect on potassium % of fruit on both seasons. The highest total yield was obtained by grafting cucumber plants on Super Shintoza rootstock followed by grafting on cv. Ferro rootstock by 130 % and 73 %, respectively in the first season and 160% and 147 %, in the second season respectively as compared with ungrafted cucumber plants. Accordingly, this study ensured that the use of rootstocks were more beneficial than ungrafted cucumber in both tested seasons. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43696_e1a00a5c7b7c8c45e7aacee0a7a2bbf0.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301GUAVA DIE-BACK IN EGYPT: THE CAUSAL AGENT AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF BOTRYODIPLODIA THEOBROMAE PAT7878064383010.21608/ajs.2019.43830ENA. S.Abd El-AzizPlant Pathology Research Institute, Agric. Research. Cent., Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20190130Guava die-back disease is a destructive disease. It causes serious yield losses and reduced guava fruits. Inspection of guava plant for die-back revealed that Beheira governorate had the highest frequencies of all isolated fungi from natural infected guava trees, followed by Alexandria, while Kafr El-Sheikh obtained the lowest frequency. Botryodiplodia theobromae gave the highest frequency of isolated fungi from natural infected guava trees during seasons 2015 and 2016, followed by Alternaria alternata, Alternaria sp., whereas Colletotrichum gloeosperiodes, Phomopsis sp., and Nigrospora sp. obtained minor frequency. The highest frequency of Botryodiplodia theobromae was observed at Beheira, followed by Alexandria governorate. Meanwhile, the lowest frequency was found at Kafr El-Sheikh. Pathogenicity test indicated that Botryodiplodia theobromae was the most pathogenic fungus. RAPD analysis of DNA by using three random primers exhibited five groups of DNA bands with first primer, six groups with second primer and five groups with the third primer and the overall similarities between isolates were arranged from 69 to 100% with P1, from 62 to 100% with P2 and from 33 to 100% with P3. The present study aimed to finding correlation between these isolates groups which resulted of RAPD, its pathogenesis and its geographical isolated locations. Ten isolates of B. theobromae represented ten locations of five governorates in Egypt were tested to evaluate the ability of pathogenesis in guava transplants cultivar Banaty at pots under experiments greenhouse conditions for artificial inoculation. The obtained results were exhibited that all tested isolates were clearly pathogenic to guava transplants and produced typical symptoms of guava die-back disease. Such isolates were differences of differed in their pathogenicity. The <br /> ten isolates were coded according to their locations by three random primers (B.W.1, A.B.2, D.S.3, Q.K.4, A.A.5, B.N.6, K.Q.7, Q.S.8, D.B.9 and K.D.10). Isolate code No. Q.K.4 was the most virulent, followed by D.S.3 and Q.S.8, respectively which isolated of Qalyoubia and Damietta governorates. Meanwhile isolates K.D.10, A.A.5, K.Q.7 were moderately pathogenic, they were isolated from Kafr El-Sheikh and Alexandria, while A.B.2 and B.N.6 were the lowest pathogenic isolates isolated from Alexandria and Beheira governorates. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43830_ce868e4a60c6fdcacf327216e149c422.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301CHEMICAL CONTROL OF GUAVA DIE-BACK AND RESPONSE OF GUAVA CULTIVARS TO THE DISEASE IN EGYPT8078234383110.21608/ajs.2019.43831ENA. S.Abd El-AzizPlant Pathology Research Institute, Agric. Research. Cent., Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20190130Guava (Psidium guajava L.,) die-back disease caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat., is a destructive disease, considered one of the most important and economic disease of guava. Amistar Top 325-32.5% E.C. gave the highest decreasing of linear growth and amount of growth of isolate code No., Q.K.4., followed by Camzin 50% W.P., Monceren 25% W.P. and Montro 30% E.C. Meanwhile, Ridomil Gold/Plus 42.50% W.P., Copral 50% W.P., Eminent 12.50% E.W. and Thiovat Jet 80% W.G. exhibited a lowest effect in reducing of linear growth and amount growth of B. theobromae isolate code No., Q.K.4. Amistar Top 325-32.5% E.C. was the most efficient fungicide in reduce disease incidence and disease severity infield of B. theobromae isolate code No., Q.K.4., followed by Camzin 50% W.P., Monceren 25% W.P., Montro 30% E.C. Meanwhile, Ridomil Gold/Plus 42.50% W.P., Copral 50% W.P., Eminent 12.50% E.W. and Thiovat Jet 80% W.G. showed a lowest efficient in reducing the disease incidence and disease severity. Soil drench method of fungicides application was the higher efficient method in elimination of percentage of disease incidence and disease severity followed by foliar spray application, relatively. Banaty transplant was the most susceptible cultivar to the all tested B. theobromae isolates, whereas cultivar Gizy Ahmr was the lowest susceptible with the same isolates, information about cultivar reaction of guava transplants against B. theobromae is still scanty.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43831_ea22ee9a67b26934c1dca14bab00ef40.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190330ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH SUGARCANE AND ITS POTENTIAL TO SUPPRESS SPORISORIUM SCITAMINEUM, THE CAUSAL FUNGAL PATHOGEN OF SMUT DISEASE8258364383210.21608/ajs.2019.43832ENShadiaTaghianSugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, EgyptAfaf Z.A.El-MeneisyPlant Pathology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA. M.H.EshSugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, EgyptN. Y.Abdel-GhaffarPlant Pathology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190219 Bacterial endophytic ubiquitously colonize the internal tissues of the plant. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the endophytic bacteria from sugarcane stalks which have antagonistic activity against Sporisorium scitamineum, the causal pathogen of sugarcane smut disease, and to study their activity to produce some secondary metabolites i.e. enzymes and growth-promoters. Sugarcane samples were collected from five governorates in Upper-Egypt namely, Giza, Beni-Suef, Sohag, Qena, and Luxor. A total of 240 isolates of endophytic bacteria were isolated from 160 samples of healthy sugarcane stalks (variety GT-54-9). Isolated endophytes were screened for its antagonistic activity against S. scitamineum, in vitro, using dual culture method. Only, 62 isolates showed different degrees of antagonistic activity. Ten isolates of endophytic bacteria were selected to study their potential to produce enzymes (chitinase, β 1,3 glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase) and growth-promoters (siderophores, indole acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA)). These isolates were pre-identified using the morphological and physiological properties according to Bergy's manual as Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp., Enterobacteria sp., Herbaspirillium sp., Gluconacetobacter sp. Anabaenopsis sp. and Azospirillumsp. All endophetic bacteria produced β 1,3gluconase and indole acetic acid (IAA), while Pseudomonas sp. produced salicylic acid and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, Ana<br /> baenopsis sp. produced phenylalanine ammonia lyase, Gluconacetobacter sp. produced chitinase and Herbaspirillium sp. produced siderophore. Meanwhile, isolates of Anabaenopsis sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were the most effective to produce β 1,3glucanase and indole acetic acid compared with other entophytic bacteria. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43832_b5339500d7e863a0c0af8a35019bf16d.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EFFICACY AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF SOME INSECTICIDES AGAINST COTTON LEAFWORM, Spodoptera littoralis (BOISD.)8378464383310.21608/ajs.2019.43833ENRasha A.A.SleemBioassay Dept., Central Agric. Pesticides Lab. Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptM. E.El-ZemaityPlant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptM. I.HusseinPlant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptSherifa A.N.El-SherifBioassay Dept., Central Agric. Pesticides Lab. Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181104he efficiency and biochemical effects of certain insecticides belonging to different groups namely: flubendiamide (diamide), pyridalyl (phenoxy-pyridaloxy), clothianidin (neonicotinoide), fipronil (phenylpyrazole) and spirotetramat (tetramic acid) and pirimiphos-methyl (Ops) were tested against 2nd larval instar of Spodoptera littoralis laboratory strain using dipping technique. The efficacy of the tested insecticides are arranged as follows to LC50 values. The results showed that flubendiamide was the superior toxicant insecticides ( LC50 1.03 ppm) followed by pyridalyl (2.13 ppm) then fipronil (7.42 ppm), clothianidin (26.87ppm), pirimiphos-methyl (76.31 ppm) and spirotetramat (431.91 ppm). Biochemical effects of the tested insecticides on acetylcholine esterase (AChE), glutathione-s-transferases (GST), adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase), phenoloxidase, total calcium, and total protein were determined in the treated larvae. Data showed highest significant increase at AChE activity in treatment of fipronil by change% (70.59), while treatment with pirimiphosmethyl recorded highest significant decrease by change% (-56.41). Whereas, all treatments recorded increase in GST activity except pirimiphosmethyl recorded non significant decrease. All insecticides treatments were showed a decrease in phenoloxidase activity the highest decrease recorded by pirimiphos-methyl treatment by change % (- 53.06). Regarding change percentage of ATPase, activity data recorded significant increase with pirimiphos-methyl treatment by (72.91%). <br /> However, total protein in all treatments showed a significant decrease. On the other hand, treatment with pirimiphos-methyl recorded a significant decrease in total calcium and the corresponding change % was (- 6.0%). Previous data confirmed the mode of action of the novel tested insecticides. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43833_4734e2d7134e086892c910e47a38a9c8.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND LIFE TABLE PARAMETERS OF THE EGGPLANT STEM BORER, Euzophera osseatella Treit. (Lep.: Pyralidae)8478514383410.21608/ajs.2019.43834ENSamar M.AbbasPlant Protection. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA. MHekalPlant Protection. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptL. A.YoussefPlant Protection. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190804Biological aspects and life table parameters of the eggplant stem borer, Euzophera osseatella Treit. (Lep.: Pyralidae) were studied under laboratory conditions at 27℃ and 65% R.H. The egg, larval and pupal stages of E. osseatella lasted 5.8, 33.2 and 12.9 days, respectively. The mortality percentage in the corresponding stages reached 14, 37 and 13%, respectively. The sex ratio in E. osseatella was in favour of females (1:1.1). The preoviposition, oviposition and postoviposition periods of the pest averaged 1.8, 3.1 and 1.2 days, respectively. The daily and total numbers of eggs/female of E. osseatella were 46.6 and 147.2, respectively. The male and female of the insect lived 4.4 and 6.2 days, respectively. The mean generation time (T) of E. osseatella averaged 54.22 days. The net reproductive rate (Ro), the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and the finite rate of increase (exp.rm/ λ) in the pest were 28.09, 0.062 and 1.063, respectively. The generation doubling time (Dt) of E. osseatella reached 14.01 days. The fecundity curve (Mx) of E. osseatella showed three peaks of 14.14, 20.14 and 12.32 female progeny/female/day at the female age (X) of 50.5, 61.5 and 63.5 days, respectively. The survival curve (Lx) of the insect revealed that most death of females occurred after an extended oviposition period to compensate failure of most immature stages to reach maturity (64%).https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43834_0e8b056cec6a7c9d41fe7a43098343fe.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301ROLE OF POLLINATORS ON EGYPTIAN CLOVER POLLINATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HONEYBEE AT SOHAG GOVERNORATE, EGYPT8538604383510.21608/ajs.2019.43835ENA. R.MazeedBee Research Dept., Plant Protection Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.E. W.ZidanBee Research Dept., Plant Protection Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.A. M.Abd El-latifForage Research Dept., Field Crops Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20190303 <br /> Data revealed that Egyptian clover were visited by 22 genus of arthropods belong to 16 families and 7 orders. The identified species were classified to phytophagous, Nectarivore, predatory insects. During both seasons Apis mellifera L. and Megachile sp. were the most abundant pollinators detected at the first week of May till the end of flowering season in mid-June. The highest activity period for A. mellifera was detected at 11:00 am. However, the lowest activity was found at 3:00 pm. and 5:00 pm. in both seasons, respectively, with insignificant difference between them in the first season. Whereas the highest activity period for Megachile sp. was detected at 1:00 pm. and the lowest activity was found at 7:00 am. During both seasons. The free pollination treatment produced the highest mean number of seeds per head followed by the caged with honeybees followed by the caged without honeybees treatment with average (48.15, 43.85 and 13.20 seeds /head) and (51.10, 46.10 and 10.85 seeds /head) during 2017 and 2018 seasons, respectively. The caged plants without honeybees produced the low weight of 1000 seed. Whereas the non-caged treatment produced the highest weights with an average (2.75 and 2.55 g) and (3.50 and 3.90 g) during both seasons, respectively. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43835_9eeccc28435ea2276b9c728c18e425b0.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GROUP SIZE ON THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF GROWING RABBITS8618684383610.21608/ajs.2019.43836ENEsraa M.A.AliAnimal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Gizza, EgyptI.El-WardanyPoultry Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241,Cairo, EgyptA. M.H.AhmedPoultry Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241,Cairo, EgyptE. M.Abdel-KafyAnimal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Gizza, EgyptHoda M.A.ShabaanAnimal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Gizza, Egypt 2Journal Article20181124This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different group’s size on productive performance of growing rabbits. A total number of 108 APRI weaning rabbits, their average initial body weight were 560±10g. Animals were assigned to two groups: The 1st group housed by 4 rabbits in cage 60 cm2, while the 2nd group housed by 8 rabbits in cage 120 cm2. During the experimental period live body weight(g), daily feed intake(g) and mortality rate (%) were recorded and daily body weight gain(g) and feed conversion ratio(FCR) were calculated at 5, 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age. After the end of the experiment (12 wk) 36 rabbits were randomly taken and slaughtered to calculate the measure carcass traits. These include total giblet (g), cervix part (%), front quarters (%), intermediate part (%), hind quarter (%) and the dressing weight. Also the economical efficiency (EE%) was calculated. Results indicated that: the average live body weight (LBW), daily weight gain (DWG) and daily feed intake (DFI) were not significantly influenced by different group size. The best DWG values were recorded for the group 2 (8 rabbits/ cage), by around 2.5% during the whole fatting period (5-12 wks). Daily feed intake was lower in group 2 than group 1 by around 6.20%, 2.00%, 0.31% and 2.83% at 5, 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age, respectively. Data revealed significant improvements in FCR for rabbits in group2 (P<0.05) than group1 for the period 5-8 and during the whole growing period 512 weeks. The mortality rate was lower in group 2 <br /> than in group 1. The best dressing weight value was recorded for the group 2 by around 9.2%.The economical efficiency (EE %) was improved in group 2. It is concluded that, increasing number of rabbits to 8 rabbits in cage could decrease the mortality %, increase the dressing weight that also lead to increase the economical efficiency. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43836_1ba2747e98048338bcbcdd7c77b8cabf.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON SOME PRODUCTIVE TRAITS AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF TWO LOCAL STRAINS OF DUCKS: SUDANI AND DOMYATI8698754383710.21608/ajs.2019.43837ENLamiaa MRadwanAin Shams University0000-0002-3069-8951H. A.MadianAnimal Production Research institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptM. Y.MahrousPoultry Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptY. K.BadawAnimal Production Research institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptA.Zein El-DeinPoultry Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180909The present study aimed to investigate the Genetic Diversity and productive Performance for Some Duck Local strains (sudani and domiaty) using Microsatellite genotyping analysis. From the hatched duck chicks, fifty day old ones were taken at random from each strain and reared under the same environmental, managerial and hygienic conditions from one day old until they aged 12 weeks (marketing age). The comparison was held between the two local duck strains for the following traits: Body weight and body measurements measured biweekly from day old until 12 weeks (pooled sex). Body measurements (shank length, keel length and body circumference) measured at 4,8,12 weeks of age for each strain. All chicks provided reared on floor pens, feed and water were provided ad-libitum all ducks chicks fed on two types of rations: A starter ration (from 0-4wks) and A finisher one (from 5-12 wks). The results indicated that There were significant differences in Body weight at all studied ages between Sudani and Domiaty strains (except at 2, 6 wks.) in hatching the average body weight of the Sudanese strain was 40.80 g however it was 34.12 g for the domyati strain, At 4 weeks age, the average body weight of Sudanese strain was 617.21g while it was 446.38g for the domyati strain, At 8 weeks age, the average body weight of Sudanese strain was1490.90g since it was 1235.98g for the domyati strain and At 12 weeks age, the average <br /> body weight of Sudanese strain was 2211.0g while was 1691.88g for the domyati strain. Also Body measurements of duck during early periods of growth (aged 4, 8 and 12 weeks) was At 4 wks age there were no significant differences between the two strains, At the age of 8 wks, the same trend was observed concerning the absence of the significant differences between strains and At the age of 12 wks, there were significant differences between the two strains of the breast circumference only where the superiority was recorded for the domyati strain, This may be reflected the genetic differences between the two strains. The results appeared that the PIC (polymorphic information content) of most microsatellite sites was lower than 0.5. This means that the selected microsatellite loci had a1ow diversity and can reflect the genetic relationship among Sudani and Domiaty populations. This assured that both sudani and domyati populations could be considered as a near populations on a molecular level. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43837_75c86eb44a874ce1e4bd4e026372007f.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301IMPACT OF INFECTION WITH FASCIOLA Spp. ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS IN RABBITS8778864383810.21608/ajs.2019.43838ENMohamedSaeidPoultry, Faculty of Agricultural, Ain shams Univ.0000-0001-9341-711XM. Z.El- ShinawyHorticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptK. M.EL-HommosanyEnvironmental Researches and Malacology Dept., Theodor Bilahars Institute, Giza, EgyptM. Y.MahrousPoultry Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptGalal A.A.Poultry Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181126Liver fluke are common parasites of herbivores in most of Middle East countries as Egypt. The chronic and acute infections with 10 & 20 metacercaria of this parasite cause biliary liver cirrhosis in rabbits that lead to huge economic losses. This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of fascioliosis in slaughtered rabbits in Giza governorate. In Egypt Fasciola gigantica was responsible for V-Line and Black Baladi rabbits total liver condemnations in infected groups. The infection impacts on female rabbits were more than males (p<.0001) in most groups for both strains. Liver condemnations due to fascioliasis were more affected in body weight and feed consumption, feed conversion, heart, kidney and carcass characterestic, so it`s low economic efficiency. Blood parametars showed high significant (p<.0001) between treated groups of strains.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43838_2ee931ec3beef3eb9adb9210b173917b.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301IN-OVO INCULATION OF SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES IMPROVES PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE, ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE OF HATCHED CHICKS8878974384010.21608/ajs.2019.43840ENN. G.MohammadBiological Application Dept., Nuclear Res. Cent., Atomic Energy Authority, EgyptI. E.El-wardanyPoultry Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptY. M.El-homosanyPoultry Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptMagda M.WakwakBiological Application Dept., Nuclear Res. Cent., Atomic Energy Authority, EgyptE. M.SabicBiological Application Dept., Nuclear Res. Cent., Atomic Energy Authority, EgyptN. S.IbrahimBiological Application Dept., Nuclear Res. Cent., Atomic Energy Authority, EgyptJournal Article20181230Selenium is a trace element essential in animal nutrition and exerts multiple actions related to enhance animal production, fertility, immune response and antioxidant defense system of chickens. The aim of the present study is investigating the benefit effects of selenium nanoparticles (SEN) in-ovo injection on productive performance, express stimulate antioxidant defense system and immune response of hatched chicks. A total of 210 broiler breeder eggs ( Habbard Star-Bro) were divided into three in-ovo injection treatment groups,( 0, 5 and 10 ppm SEN) and incubated. Hatchability traits , productive performance, biochemical profile, antioxidant status and immune response of hatched chicks were estimated. Results indicated significant increase in HDLcholesterol, T3, GSR, GSH, IGA, IGM and IGG as affected by in-ovo inoculated SEN levels. However feed conversion ratio, triglycerides and MDA significantly decreased by in-ovo treatments. No significant alternations were recorded in hatched chicks weight, feed intake, body weight, body weight gain, carcass characteristics, and serum levels of protein fractions, cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, ALT, AST, ALP, uric acid, creatinine and glucose in in-ovo treated groups compared with the control one. It is summarized that, in-ovo inoculation of different levels of SEN can improve feed conversion ratio, lipid profile, antioxidants status and immunity of broiler hatched chicks.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43840_2681275134fa58115ffb2499ad890648.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301A TRIAL TO DETECT THE EFFECT OF STRAIN AND DIFFERENT SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER ON SOME PRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN BROILER CHICKS8999044384110.21608/ajs.2019.43841ENShimaa M.ShakerThe Regional Center for Food & Feed (RCFF), Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.S. A.El-SaftyPoultry Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptU. A.ShoureapPoultry Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptZienbEl- AwamryThe Regional Center for Food & Feed (RCFF), Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20181024The main goal of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of broiler strain and source of drinking water on some performance traits (body weight and carcass traits). Sample of water were taken from two different location sources, Giza governorate (as Nile water) and Qalubia governorate (as well water or ground water). Three different broiler strains were used in this study (Arbor acres, Hubbard and Cobb). Lead concentration (as a heavy metal element) and bacteriological analysis (total bacteria and fecal coliforms) in both water and carcass were carried out. The main results obtained can be summarized as follow: Arbor acres strain recorded the heaviest body at most ages compared to the other strains, the difference was highly significant at 5 and 6 weeks of ages. Total bacteria were significantly high in ground water compared to Nile water. Conversely, Coliforms bacteria count was significantly high in Nile water compared to ground water source. Regardless strain type, high positive correlation between lead concentration in drinking water and lead concentration in liver, kidney and carcass weight was observed <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43841_53c05ec7ed2fc2f2b9e3b89c06ecc787.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EFFECT OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IMPROVEMENT ON WATER UNIT PRODUCTIVITY UNDER NORTH DELTA REGION CONDITIONS OF EGYPT9059124384610.21608/ajs.2019.43846ENKhaled MohamedShabaanSoil Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.0000000027194942XM. E.GalalSoil Sci. Dept. Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptT. T.ElgamalWater Management Research Institute, National Water Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181231Several field trials and laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of the implementation of the activities and processes of the development of the field irrigation systems at ElMahmoudia area, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt, during the successful growing seasons winter 2016/17 and summer 2017 to investigate the effect of irrigation systems improvement projects on water productivity. The measurements were conducted in a tertiary canal (Mesqa) at the head of Nekla canal (Arafa Mousa Mesqa). Water consumption values for different crops were calcaulated, and water application was calculated through calibrating the capacities of the pumps and recording the operation hours. The most important results were as follows: Applied irrigation water decreased after irrigation improvement. Applied irrigation water for wheat, rice, maize, sweet potatoes and watermelon before irrigation improvement were higher than the corresponding values after irrigation improvement by 9.0%, 15%, 11%, 15% and 10% respectively. The productivity of wheat, rice, maize, sweet potatoes and watermelon increased after irrigation improvement by 7.0%, 4.0%, 3.0%, 8.0% and 9.0% respectively. Water productivity increased after irrigation improvement, and the increase ratios for wheat, rice, maize, sweet potatoes were 14.0%, 16.0%, 13.0%, 20.0%, and 18.0% respectively.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43846_ffa9e88a7bd2bc1306649b2761f609e7.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF SOME FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILIZATION OF PHOSPHORUS IN RHIZOSPHERE9139234384710.21608/ajs.2019.43847ENRookaya SalahEl-hagsoil science,agriculture faculty,Ain Shams university,cairo,egypt0000-0002-7555-5460A. M.ElgalaSoil Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptM. A.O.ElsharawySoil Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptM. A.EidSoil Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181001The aim of this work was to conduct pot experiment to study the ability of plant roots on solubilizing various sources of phosphorus and factors that may facilitate or inhibit their activity. A split medium – split root technique experiment was conducted to study the effect of CaCO3, pH, organic matter (humic acid) and bentonite on the pH, P solubility in the medium and P concentration in bean plants (Vicia faba var. balady). The changes in pH of the lower solution was recorded, also the root exudate was collected in 500 ml of CaCl2 solution 0.5 × 10-4 M and pH 6.85. Results showed that the highest recorded total dry weight was found when both N forms were applied in the ratio of 1:4 NO-3: NH+4 or NO-3 alone. The mechanism of solubilizing rock phosphate by exudating protons or organic, amino and other organic compounds is possible at the root surface even in alkaline soil as long as the rock phosphate material was added near the root and organic matter was added to limit the fixing power of the inorganic components as CaCO3 and excess soluble Ca. Also, the availability of P from rock phosphate sources depends on its reactivity value. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43847_d6d8a0c2145bde06ac9a77536c781620.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301EFFICIENT TRANSPORT AND DELIVERY OF WATER IN EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURE9259384384810.21608/ajs.2019.43848ENMohamedOsmanDepartment of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.S. M.S.MekladAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptM. O.Abdel-FatahAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180910The problem of research is limited to how to rationalize the use of water in the agricultural sector under the current situation, such as the construction of the Nahdha Dam, which will affect Egypt's share of the Nile River. On the other hand, the increase in water demand, the misuse of water resources in Egyptian agriculture and the inefficient use of water resources Which is reflected in the return of the water unit. <br /> <br /> <strong>The research aims at identifying the efficiency </strong>of water transport and delivery in Egyptian agriculture from its main source in the southern region of Egypt at Aswan until it reaches the fields in all the governorates of the Republic. The research aims in particular to study the development of irrigation water quantities and their losses in Egyptian Agriculture The amount of water used on the waste.<br /> <strong>The study showed that the average amount </strong>of irrigation water used in the field, at the completion of the canals, and in Aswan was about 36457, 41042 and 51515 million m3 respectively during the study period. In the study of the general trend of the development of irrigation water used in the field, when the canal was completed, and in Aswan during the study period, the increase of these quantities was estimated at an annual average of 96.38, 46.3 and 73.9 million cubic meters respectively.<br /> <strong>The average annual loss</strong> of water from Aswan to the field, from Aswan to the fins of the canals, and from the canal and field fillers reached 15057, 10477 and 4380 million cubic meters respectively during the study period. A study of the general trend of the development of water losses from Aswan to the field, and from Aswan to the dams of the canals, showed that the water losses decreased by a statistically significant annual increase of about 21.9, 273.9 million cubic meters respectively during the study period. While water losses from canal and field fill increased by a statistically significant annual increase of 272.0 million cubic meters d<strong>The results of the statistical</strong> estimation of the relationship between the quantity of water losses as a dependent variable and the quantity of water used as an independent variable during the period: .<br /> <br /> <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43848_87d2fbd0091fea2d4907ce8676fd8da2.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301DETERMINANTS OF GLOBAL DEMAND ON EGYPTIAN DRIED ONION9399524384910.21608/ajs.2019.43849ENH. A.ShaheenFood Processing Economics Research Unit, Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptM. K.RihanAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA. M.Abdel MaqsoudAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181030The drying industry for vegetable crops, especially the onion crop, is one of the most important food industries that achieve quality and safety of food in addition to open the doors of export. Germany is the main importer of Egyptian dried onions by 28.8% of the average total Egyptian onion exports with an average of 3448 tons as an average for the study period (2013-2017) .Followed by the Netherlands in the list of the most important importers of Egyptian dried onions with an average quantity of about 2816 tons, representing 23.5% of the average Egyptian exports of dried onions. Japan accounted for 9.2% of Egypt's total exports of dried onions with an average of 819 tons, followed by Greece, Belgium, Britain and Brazil respectively. The most important variables effecting on Egyptian dried onion were import price of Egyptian dried onion in the foreign markets and export pric<br /> es of the competing countries, as well as the average per capita income of importing countries, as well as their population. It was found that the study of external demand functions for the Egyptian dried onions were low price elasticity of demand (inelastic demand) for Japan. where, the increase in the price of Egypt's dried onion exports to Japan by 1% led to a decrease in the quantity of exports by 0.51% ,While the demand of the United Kingdom was elasticity equal with unit , where, the increase in the price of Egypt's dried onion exports to the Kingdom by 1% leads to a decrease in the quantity of exports by the same percentage, while it was found that the demand for Egyptian exports of dried onions is flexible for the countries of the Netherlands - Brazil Belgium, where the price of Egypt exports of dried onions by Ratio of 1% leads to a decline in the amount of exported quantity by 1.36%, 1.7%, 1.8% respectively https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43849_542f594cfabb14aeb372f696ff49cde4.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ECONOMICS OF POTATO CROP PRODUCTION CULTIVATED IN ORGANIC METHOD AND TRADITIONAL METHOD IN EGYPT9539704385010.21608/ajs.2019.43850ENKh. A.M.HamudaAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptS. M.MakledAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptIman F.QadousAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptKh. A.Abd El MowlaAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181216https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43850_3633dad042d908ebaa941ba0cb08e80b.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF WHEAT HARVEST AND POST-HARVEST LOSSES IN GHARBIA GOVERNORATE9719874385110.21608/ajs.2019.43851ENRasha A.FouadAgric. Economics Research Institute, Agric. Research Center, Giza, EgyptB. M.MoursyAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptH. E.H.SarhanAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA. A.EldoklaAgric. Economics Research Institute, Agric. Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181118 The aim of the research was to quantify the losses of wheat crop during the stages of production, harvesting and storage at farms. To achieve the research objectives, analytical and descriptive statistical tools were used to determine the actual loss and thus affect some economic variables of wheat crop. Secondary preliminary data were collected through a questionnaire for 120 farmers of wheat crop in Gharbia governorate with 120 views during the season (2016/2017). The results showed that study of the relative importance of wheat production showed that the area cultivated with wheat yield in Egypt increased by an annual average of 67.7 thousand feddan during the study period .The increase in the productivity of feddan from about 2.73 tons in 2003 to about 2.77 tons in 2015 by about 1.43% in the year 2000, Than in 2003.The increase in wheat production in Egypt showed a significant increase of 192.87 thousand tons during the study period .A study of the relative importance of the monetary value of wheat in Egypt showed a statistically significant increase of about 1.83 billion pounds during the study period. The increase in the value of wheat imports in Egypt showed a significant statistical increase of about 1.66 billion pounds during the study period. <br /> A study of the loss in the wheat yield and the area planted with the crop showed a decrease in the losses of wheat yield in the high size farms, which is greater than the other sizes, with a decrease rate of 54.4%, 36% and 12.9% respectively. In the sense that increasing the area by one acre leads to a decrease in the quantity of losses in the wheat yield by about 9.99 kg. The study of the relationship between the losses per feddan in wheat harvest and the date of harvest showed a statistically significant negative relationship, meaning that the time of early harvest leads to a decrease in the total losses in the yield of about 3.56 kg, the results of the relationship between losses of feddan in wheat yield and harvest method indicate a statistically significant negative relationship. Meaning that the automatic harvest leads to a decrease in the total losses in the yield of about 18.5 kg, and it was found that the relationship of negative morale statistically, meaning that the wheat that was dried lead to a decrease in the losses of feddan in the wheat crop by about 17.87 kg, and found a significant negative relationship statistically among the losses per feddan In the wheat yield and packing method, in the sense that the mechanical filling leads to a deficiency of the total losses per feddan in the crop of about 33.54 kg for the sample in the province of Gharbia. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43851_e29a92060aa92428016dd6e65b0549db.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301CONSUMER’S ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE DEMAND FOR IRRADIATED FOOD IN CAIRO GOVERNORATE98910084385210.21608/ajs.2019.43852ENSuzan R.AminFood Irradiation Research Dept., The National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, EgyptM. S.AZayedAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68- Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptM. S.ShehataAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68- Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptE. A.El-GameelFood Irradiation Research Dept., The National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20180919Currently, the international community focus on the problem of food security and nutrition to achieve the goals in the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Plan, in particular the second objective of sustainable development, which concern eradication of hunger, saving food security and be improved nutrition, as well promotion of sustainable agriculture (The official website of the United Nations). The field study aims to provide an indication of the expected volume of demand for irradiated food in the Egyptian market and estimate degree of approval, due to measuring of consumer’s attitudes. The process of food irradiation gives a competitive advantage in the markets, through achievement of important role in preserving food and agricultural products, an addition protect them from spoilage. The felid Study was based on consumer demand for irradiated food in Cairo Governorate, as the largest governorate in terms of population intensity, representing about 10.06% of the total population of the Republic (Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, 2017). A survey was conducted on consumers who frequented the hypermarket between two areas, one located in a high income area (1st Settlement) and the other located in a low income area (Shoubra). The results of the survey showed that the percentage of those who approved the purchase of irradiated food amounted to about 67%, while the percentage of those who undecided and rejected was estimated at about 12% 21% respectively. The highest percentage of <br /> weighted average value was approved for the axis of the nutritional value of food and quality, which amounted to about 81.33%, while the approval rate for the axis of environmental specifications has reached 74.66% only. The results indicate that the factors affecting on consumers behavior for the purchase of irradiated food are not mainly due to the price specifications of the commodity but to the nutritional value and quality, health and marketing specifications. In addition, the results showed that relationship wasn’t statistically significant between the variables of the age group, gender, social status and all the axes of the irradiated food specification, but relationship was found statistically significant between the variable of the region (high income and low income) and the total specifications. The study suggests which explains the importance of directing marketing strategies appropriate to the consumer groups with a relatively low level of education and low incomes, because increasing the awareness of the benefits of radiation Processed of food, will increase the total economic benefit for them, it’s most important of maintain quality and safety of food for long shelf life. The results also showed the relative importance of information, that effect on demand for irradiated food in the Egyptian market, it’s considered high relatively where was estimated at 87%. Furthermore, the results explained an important role of the major media as television, which has most Watched by consumers by 69%, followed it the Internet by 29%. The dry foods may be provided when the commercial application and marketing of irradiated products in the Egyptian market would be started, This is due to agree with most consumer’s attitude, which selected by 62% of the study sample. Based on the above, the important role becomes clear of felid studies and marketing research in the Egyptian market, to identify the actual wants of consumer, which represented to obtain safe, healthy and high quality of food, how optimization using of food irradiation technology could be met consumer's demand on Specification of food products required in the Egyptian commercial markets. The study recommends of put a marketing strategy for irradiated food, which mainly dependent on providing specifications of these foods, such as nutritional value, quality, health and marketing specifications, which are important economic axes, it had highly compatible with the preference and consumer’s behavior <br /> towards purchasing. This is one of the most important factors affecting on demand according to economic theory. This ensures the marketing process’s effectiveness for these foods before supplied to the market. In addition to achieve the expected economic returns at the national level by saved food security or at the individual level by satisfying the consumer's wants to obtain safe food with high quality and comparatively long shelf life. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43852_bbf763f5b8c2a8b8a102065ca20df07a.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301THE OPTIMUM SIZE OF PRODUCTION OF WHEAT CROP IN THE GIZ-ERA PROJECT IN SUDAN100910194385310.21608/ajs.2019.43853ENSeram K.M.AbdullahAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptM. H.SalemAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptA. M.Abdel Maqsoud AAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181031This study aims to study the estimation of production cost functions as it reflects the relationship between total costs and actual production. The main economic indicators that reflect the extent to which the agricultural production units achieved economic efficiency in their use of the productive resources involved in the production process as well as the extent to which they are achieved These units of maximizing the profits of the agricultural product, as well as the study of production costs <br clear="all" /> and the associated indicators are important both on the productivity unit or at the national level, which can be used in the design and analysis of price policies and help the user Farmers in their productive decision-making, which would encourage producers to continue production or stop production. As well as to determine the volume of production that maximizes profits and thus achieve economic efficiency of the use of productive elements.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43853_922bba86f69962be4ac9b068e9c925ba.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301OPTIMUM CROPPING STRUCTURE OF DAKAHLIA GOVERNORATE102110354385410.21608/ajs.2019.43854ENT. H.M.Al-ZahafAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptM. E.RajabAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180828It is the correct cropping structure that achieves the compatibility between more than one goal to reach the most efficient cropping structure in achieving and rationalizing water consumption and low use in the context of a set of constraints and determinants of productivity. In order to increase farm income and provide a large amount of irrigation water to benefit from the surplus In horizontal expansion. The model of the analysis of the agricultural structure in Dakahlia governorate included 18 crops through five different models. The first model (alternative) achieved this total yield of <br /> 6.780 billion pounds, more than the equivalent of 116 million pounds. Of the proposed model is less than its equivalent in the prevailing crop structure of 81 million m3 as a result of the increase in the area of some of the crops grown from their counterparts in the dominant structure. In accordance with Ministerial Decision No. 28 of 2018 issued by the Minister of Irrigation published in Al-Ahram newspaper on 8/3/2018, the year 142 - No. 47939, reducing the area of rice in Dakahlia governorate by 45%, four other models were reached. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43854_824c76db86049b16db6ed2a46ba0bb22.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE MOST IMPORTANT TREES PLANTED IN WOODS FORESTS IN THE SARABIUM REGION OF ISMAILIA GOVERNORATE103710514385510.21608/ajs.2019.43855ENA. K.A.IbrahimAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA. M.Abdel-MaqsoudAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA. M.El-GindyAgric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180910The agricultural sector plays a vital role in the economic, social and environmental development process. It depends on achieving many objectives such as providing food needs and raw materials for industries, as well as providing the necessary foreign exchange to finance economic, social and environmental development programs. The State has been interested in drawing up plans to maximize the use of available and limited resources, such as water resources in Egypt, due to its limitedity. What distinguishes the water system in Egypt is that it is a closed system, i.e. water is reused several times. The most important of these uses is the reuse of treated wastewater to irrigate areas cultivated with trees of different types, For the purpose of producing oils, dyes and entering into paper industries, and also to establish sustainable wood forests for the purpose of wood production to contribute to reduce the gap of foreign trade of wood in Egypt, and this use may work to preserve water resources and to reduce of water streams that receive this type of water and improve environmental and health conditions as well as contributing to the creation of large green spaces improve the atmosphere characteristics and work as windbreaks around the cities that have a desert back ground and reduce temperatures in by forest areas. The findings show that economic indicators of the most important trees planted in the forest showed that the Red gum trees are came first in terms of the yield of the invested pound, which is <br /> about 246.41 pounds And in first place in terms of lower cost of production per tonne, amounting to about 2.48 pounds, while the trees come Casuarina sp. second in terms of return Pound, which amounted to 153.70 pounds and the fourth in terms of the cost of production of the ton, which amounted to about 3.93 pounds. Cupressus sp. trees came third in terms of the pound, which amounted to 127.49 pounds and the third place in terms of the cost of production of tons, which amounted to about 3.49 pounds, The yield of the pound for the trees of the Asersus, E.Citriodora, Khayasenegalensis and pine reached 81.95, 65.31, 53.79 and 41.79 respectively, while the production cost per ton was 3.31, 9.48, 6.72 and 9.29 respectively. It is noted that the Red gum trees obtained the highest yield in terms of the pound and the minimum cost of production of tons, and that the increase in investment and expansion of agriculture yields a better return and a good opportunity to invest. The average annual net yield of the most important trees planted in the Sarabum Forest in the Sarabum area was 16155.53 LE / feddan / year, if compared to the net yield of the most important traditional agricultural rotations for some major crops, net annual yield of the period from (20002016) and which corresponds to the age of trees in the forest (area of study) was calculated. It was found that the agricultural rotation of crop (continuous clover + rice) represents the highest average net yield of about 7246.2 pounds / feddan / year. Thus, the average net yield of the most important trees is about 2.23 times that of the counterpart calculated from the traditional agricultural rotations. Therefore, the planting of trees in the forest (area of the study) is considered economical, so the cultivation of the trees should be considered, especially in the desert back ground of the governorates. Without prejudice to traditional crops, as the tendency to plant forests is necessary to improve the environment and a safe way to dispose of treated wastewater so as not to adversely affect the waterways. The results of the economic indicators for the use of the water component in the production of different types of trees planted in the forest were also shown. The price per cubic meter of water (LE / m3) ranged from a minimum of 1.98 (LE / m3) of Cupressus sp. trees to a maximum of 2.78 (LE / m3) for pine trees with an average of about 2.26 (LE / m3). It was found that the value of net return of cubic meters of water ranged between a minimum of about 27.74 (LE / m3) for pine trees and a maximum of 121.87 (LE / m3) for Red gum trees at an average of about LE 56.80 (LE / m3) The yield per cubic meter (tons / m3) was between 0.056 (tons / m3) for Eucalyptus sp. limmine trees and a maximum of about 0.200 (tons / m3) for Red gum trees at an average of 0.121 (tons / m3). As for the return of the pound of irrigation costs per feddan, the value ranged from a minimum of about 149.8 pounds for pine trees and a maximum of about 855.5 pounds for the trees of Red gum with average of about 383.9 pounds. The ratio of irrigation costs to variable costs ranged from a low of about 47.3% for Eucalyptus sp. limestone trees, <br /> kaya trees with the same percentage and a maximum of 53.4% for Red gum trees, Casuarina sp. trees with the same percentage, and with averaging of about 50.7%. The results of the economic evaluation of trees planted in the forest showed that Red gum trees are better and more efficient tree species in the forest and there is economic feasibility of expanding their cultivation, and therefore some financial measures were made to study the economic feasibility of planting Red gum trees. The results showed that the Profitability Index (PI) at 25% discount rate, 28% for Red gum trees palms without change in cost and revenue factors and the project lifetime attained about 2.02 and 1.45 respectively, which confirms the feasibility of the project Greater than the correct one, which means that each pound invested in the project achieves a net return of 1.02, 0.45 pounds, respectively. As reported the current net cash flows or net present value (NPV) of the project is toward the 15,240, 66081 pounds, respectively. And the internal rate of return (IRR) of the project is 31.5%. This means that the rate of return is greater than the opportunity cost prevailing in the community at the study, which is the interest rate, is 25%. Accordingly, the Pay-Back period of the project capital is estimated at 3.2 years, which confirms that there is a capital turnover of the capital. From the above, it is clear that the expansion of the cultivation of the trees Red gum is economically feasible. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43855_9cff287efbf720c355f860e9f515defb.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301ANALYSIS OF EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN TRADE WITH THE COUNTRIES OF THE EURO - ASIAN UNION105310734385610.21608/ajs.2019.43856ENM. H.SalemAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA. A.OmairiAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA. M.AbdelmaqsoudAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptSalwa M.Abd ELMonemAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180925The study aims at identifying the analysis of the Egyptian agricultural foreign trade with the countries of the Euro-Asian Union. The study problem , its objectives and the research method Where identified in the study. Where , there is a lack of information on the expected results or the role that the proposed free trade agreement between Egypt and the Euro-Asian Union could play and the requirements for maximizing the positive results and minimizing the negative consequences if this agreement is signed. Therefore, the research aims to identify the positive and negative results on the Egyptian economy under the proposed agreement, which contributes to reducing the negatives and supporting the positive factors to achieve effective decision-making. The study included four chapters. First, identifying the stages of economic integration. The second chapter was studying the economic interrelationships between the Russian Federation, Egypt, Belarus, Armenia and Kazakhstan, and the third chapter was the identification of commodity trade relations between Egypt and Eurasian countries during the period 2001-2017 through exports and imports between Egypt and <br /> the countries of the Euro-Asian Union The most important trading partner of Egypt among these countries is the Russian Federation, where the value of trade exchange between the two countries in 2017 to more than 4 billion dollars, including 3.6 billion imports to Egypt and 0.5 billion exports from Egypt to Russia, The fourth chapter was the use of trade indicators to reveal trade opportunities with the countries of the Euro-Asian Customs Union. Three indicators were used: 1- Conditions of trade, 2- Agricultural trade compatibility, 3- Price competitiveness, The tendency of the terms of exchange for Egypt in many commodities of vegetables and fruits in the studied markets and the most important Russian market and it shows the agricultural trade compatibility of these commodities and the advantage of some Egyptian commodities such as oranges, potatoes and grapes have a significant competitive advantage in the Russian market with great importance. The research included several recommendations, including the promotion of intraagricultural trade between Egypt and the EuroAsian countries through preferential agreements, especially with Russia, Armenia and Kazakhstan.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43856_f3ea466a4492830f1c27c933f3159634.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ECONOMICS OF CHAMOMILE PRODUCTION UNDER ORGANIC AND TRADITIONAL FARMING IN FAYOUM GOVERNORATE107510894385710.21608/ajs.2019.43857ENM. S.M.MostafaCentral Lab. of Organic Agriculture, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, EgyptM. A.El SentreseAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptM. E.RagabAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA. A.RagabCentral Lab. of Organic Agriculture, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190916Egypt has an appropriate environment for the cultivation of many medicinal and aromatic plants of great economic potential all over the world. Chamomile is one of the most important crops, especially in Fayoum governorate, where the average of cultivated area under the traditional farming system about 9.8 thousand feddan in the year 2015 represents about 77% of total traditional chamomile area in the whole country, where organic chamomile production area was approximately 6.3 thousand feddan which represent about 84% of total organic Chamomile production area in whole Egypt. This research aimed to evaluate the economic efficiency for Chamomile production under organic farming system compared with traditional system in Fayoum governorate over the growing season 2015 -2016 in the short-run and long-run based on preliminary data of a random sample of traditional and organic chamomile farms. A simple random sample was taken from three districts in Fayoum <br /> governorate (Ebshway, Etsa and Youssef El Siddiq), with 75, 60 individuals for both traditional and organic farms respectively, each sample was divided into two categories; the first category (0.5 feddan – 1 feddan), the second category (1.5 feddan - 2 feddan). Analytical procedures were utilized in processing and analyzing the data. Multiple regressions were used to reach the basic findings of this research. Production and Cost function was specified and estimated, in order to derive some indicators of economic efficiency, production efficiency and economic of scale. The results showed that the total production elasticity for both the selected sample farms in the short and long run, indicating that all farms are produced in the first non-economic phase of the Law of diminishing returns. The results showed that the net return of organic farms was higher than traditional farms by 63.6% and 52.1% for the first and second category farms, respectively. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43857_318969b05eb2c74ba428684bf9687811.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL LABOR WITHIN THE DETERMINATES USE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY FOR WHEAT IN EGYPTIAN109111064385810.21608/ajs.2019.43858ENMona S.Abdel-Naby. Economic Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.M. K.RehanAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptM. M.NasrAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20191125The Egyptian agriculture relies on technology to develop the productivity of most of the main crops, including cereal crops, especially wheat, which is reflected in increasing of the cultivated area. According to the Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS): Egypt Vision 2030, The cultivated area with wheat had reached about 1326 thousand feddan in 1980, then it continued to increase until it reached about 1955, and2716 thousand feddan in 1990, and 2007 respectively, and reached its maximum in 2016 by about 3351 thousand feddan. Also, the productivity duplicated from about 1.36 tons/fed. in 1980, and reached about 4..2 tones/fed. in 2016. Egypt plans to reach the area cultivated with wheat to approximately 4.2 million feddan and about 3.6 tons/fed of its productivity in 2030, in order to increase Autarky to about 81% from the locally production. To achieve this target, the absorption of technology must be further increased by increasing the different technology methods, which is reflected in productivity increasing. Wheat crop was selected for the field study through the availability of field data to estimate some economic and statistical indicators that are difficult and it may be impossible to use the secondary data in its estimation. Also, The governorate of El-Behaira was selected According to the relative importance of wheat-cultivated area,where as total area is about 378 thousand feddan representing about 11.27% of total Egyptian cultivated area, it also selected according to the availability of different <br /> types of machines which existing in that region. The study aims at estimate the economic efficiency of agricultural labor use in the light of specific modern technology which is used in Egyptian agriculture, represented by agricultural mechanization technology from the production farms of wheat crop in El-Behaira governorate during the agricultural season (2015-2016) in the short and long run of wheat farmers, where a simple random sample was selected from three villages in El-Behaira governorate (Berijat, Damshli, Alqam), The sample units divided three categories: the first category (less than 0.5 feddan), the second category (0.5 feddan - feddan), the third category (feddan and more) Short and long run for each category, in order to estimate some indicators of production and economic efficiency, and economics of scale. The estimation of short-run production function shows that total elasticity is about 1.3, 1.3, and 1.06 for the first, second and third categories of the sample respectively, while total elasticity is about 1.1 in the long-run, which reflecting the increasing returns to scale and farmers are producing in the first phase of the law of diminishing returns. The estimate of the cost functions in the short-run shows that the optimal production is about 14.1, 36.4 and 88.3 ardabb respectively for the three categories in the study sample, and the optimal production is about 47.7 ardabb in the long-run. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43858_3bb6409d1ece4568c14774bd7383b33a.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE DETERMINANTS OF PRODUCTION AND COST FUNCTIONS OF ONION SANDY LANDS, BENI SUEF GOVERNORATE110711234385910.21608/ajs.2019.43859ENMohamedOsmanDepartment of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Heba M.Abdel-AzizAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptM. O.Abdel-FatahAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180910Productivity efficiency is defined as a measure of the efficiency or efficiency of a particular production component of the production component when used with other elements. This section will address the estimation of the production functions and production efficiency of onion crop in Beni Suef Governorate. Problem and purpose of research To identify the most important problems and obstacles faced by onion production farmers in Beni Suef Governorate Of its strategic importance in Beni Suef Governorate. In light of this, the study aimed to identify the most important problems and problems faced by onion farmers in Beni Suef Governorate, the development of Egyptian onion production. Studying the functions of producing onion crop in sandy <br /> soils to find out the most important elements of production that affect its production. Study the cost functions of the onion crop in the land to the sandy to find out the most important elements of production that affect the production. The total production elasticity was 1.12, with production elasticity in the first 0.77 category, while the second category production flexibility was 1.2. Where the productive flexibility in the third category was 1.01. The cost categories revealed that the total cost elasticity was 0.23, with cost elasticity in the first category of 0.09, indicating the elasticity of the costs of the second category 2.1, where the elasticity of the costs of the third category was 0.30. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43859_8ef2bb5931014eaa24e9f42acb53f561.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE USE OF MECHANIZATION IN EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURE AND THE COMPETITION OR COMPLEMENTARITY BETWEEN THESE MACHINES AND EACH OTHER112511374386010.21608/ajs.2019.43860ENWafaa A.ElsadekAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptM. E.RagabAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptE. A.WassifAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181113Agricultural mechanization is considered one of the most important agricultural technological methods for making fundamental changes in the agricultural sector. Therefore, Egypt has worked on two main axes: horizontal and vertical expansion, using modern agricultural technology, which is one of the important tools of development in the agricultural sector because it has a positive impact on vertical expansion. The study aimed to review the current state of agricultural mechanization at Egypt level and the governorate of Sharkia governorate to find out the availability of modern agricultural machinery and equipment and study the relations of substitution and complementarity between these machines and each other and the relationship of these machines to the crop area and productivity of wheat in Egypt. The most important results were: The number is increasing of tractors, ploughs, shooters, seeders irrigation machines, hoe machines, pesticides sprayers, harvesters, threshing machines in Egypt and Sharkia governorate, The increase in the number of prisons in Egypt and the decrease in the Sharkia of seed dill, and the decrease in the number of transplanters in Egypt and Sharkia governorate. The relationships between agricultural machinery (tractors, ploughs, irrigation machines, hoe machines, pesticides sprayers, harvesters, and, threshing machines) are both linear and statistically significant. This means that there is a complementarity between these machines and each other, As well as relations between the agricultural machinery and the seeders, seed drill and transplanters where the relationship either be positive but they are significantly less <br /> than the equivalent of other machines are either positive or negative, but not statistically significant and therefore it has nothing to do with the other. There is no statistically significant relationship between the productivity of wheat in Egypt and Sharkia governorate and the machinery (tractors, ploughs, seed drill, hoe machines, harvesters, threshing machines). Decreased total average area per tractor for wheat crop in Egypt and Sharkia governorate. There was no statistically significant relationship between the average crop area for each tractor and the production of wheat crop in Egypt. In Sharkia governorate, the relationship is inverse and statistically significant. There is a statistically significant correlation between the average area per tractor for wheat yield in Egypt and the average area per tractor for wheat crop in Sharkia governorate. There was no statistically significant correlation between the number of tractors and the productivity and the average yield area per tractor for wheat yield for both Egypt and Sharkia governorate. The agricultural mechanization is still in its early stages, economic relations either do not exist or take different signals. The statistical significance of the development of the number of machines at Egypt level or the Sharkia governorate for the first strategic crop in Egypt is not proven. Hence, agricultural mechanization in its broad sense is the use of modern technology in increasing production Which has not yet been achieved and hopes and efforts are required to pursue better policies to achieve the desired goals https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43860_9cec5a6ef3bc820b349a86e66a5455f4.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301ANALYTICAL STUDY OF RISK IN EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURE113911524386110.21608/ajs.2019.43861ENM. A.ElRefaieAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptFatma A.FahmyAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptM. B.El-ErakyAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptA. M.Abd ElmaqsoudAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190127The research aimed at identifying risks facing agriculture from water availability and natural hazards by planning the cropping pattern under low risk, and studying the impact of both climate change and geographical area on the productivity per Feddan. The study estimate risk of cropping pattern in the first scenario was estimated to be about 6.6% under normal restrictions. In the second scenario, it was 3.04% under normal restrictions in addition to stabilize the area of rice at 750,000 feddans, with self-sufficiency of 10% and 20% of wheat and maize The total return on risk under the first and second scenarios was about 73.315 and 75.133 million pounds. The cropping pattern in the second scenario is better than the first, as it achieves a higher net return and also achieves state policies <br /> in terms of reducing the rice area. It also increases the self-sufficiency of wheat and maize. The effect of climate change and geographical area variation on productivity during the period (2013-2016) showed that their impact ranged from 61 to 92%. There Also was a negative impact of climate change on the productivity per Feddan. except for wheat crop the effect of either wheat has not been determined. The study recommended pulling the optimal cropping pattern, the need to increase the awareness of the seriousness of the negative effects of climate change and the development of awareness programs through the various media, and the production of new varieties afford climate change and salinity, and the use of modern technological methods Such as protected agriculture. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43861_e6e258a539a0774155f1a836e379df61.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190301SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS MODEL FOR LABOR MARKET IN THE EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR115311644386210.21608/ajs.2019.43862ENRania R.A.YoussefAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptFatma A.FahmyAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptMona K.RyadAgric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadyek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180826The problem of research is the low and low wages in the agricultural sector, which makes it an employment sector, indicating that there is imbalance in the structure of the labor market in the agricultural sector, and thus the current deviation of agricultural employment from the optimum level that achieves economic efficiency, hence the main objective of The research is to assess the equilibrium situation of the labor market in the Egyptian agricultural sector, and determine the most important factors affecting it, through the study of both sides of the demand and supply of agricultural labor through Simultaneous Equations Model. The most important results obtained were: 1 - For the function of demand for agricultural labor: It was found from the estimated equation that the increase in the wages of the agricultural worker by one pound leads to a significant statistical decrease at a significant level of 5% in the demand for agricultural labor by about 135 thousand workers, as shown from the estimated equation Effect of production value Agricultural demand for agricultural employment amounted to about 29.7 thousand workers million workers. The impact of the supply of agricultural labor in the demand for agricultural labor, which reached about 645 thousand workers, was also shown. 2- For the agricultural labor supply function, the estimated equation shows that increasing demand for agricultural labor leads to an increase in the supply of agricultural labor by 1 million and 9,000 workers. It is also shown from the estimated equation that increasing the wage of the agricultural worker by one pound <br /> leads to an increase in the supply of agricultural labor by about 39 thousand workers. 3- As for the equilibrium situation of the labor market in the Egyptian agricultural sector, it was found that the wage of the agricultural worker amounted to about 43.338 thousand pounds / year, ie about 118.73 pounds / day, which is different from the actual situation of the wage of the agricultural worker, which averaged 26.164 thousand pounds / year Ie about 71.68 pounds / day as an average for the last three years. This means that the wage of the worker in the agricultural sector is less than the equivalent of 47.05 pounds per day. In addition, the total number of agricultural workers in the agricultural sector reached about 6.34 million workers, which differs from the actual situation of the supply of agricultural labor which reached 7.780 million workers as an average for the last three years. This means increasing the supply of agricultural labor to the balanced size of agricultural labor by (1.44 million workers), which explains the low wages in the agricultural sector, in order to load the agriculture sector with a larger number of workers than is supposed to be and hence the low wage in the agricultural sector and thus become an employment sector that will negatively affect the attractiveness of investments in the agricultural sector Which represents a sector Wide in the Egyptian economy is not negligible. <br /> https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_43862_fcc49bcfe220e1260b198820c680b184.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267527120190330THE BEST DISTRIBUTION OF IMPORTANT AROMATICAL AND MEDICINAL PLANT IN FOREIGN MARKETS116511884433610.21608/ajs.2019.44336ENFawzia A.SaberAgric. Economics Dept., Desert Research Center, El-Matariay, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190219Marjoram and Chamomile are an important exportable crops. Despite the importance of the previous crops in providing foreign currency to finance various investment. The crops are faced with many problems with importing countries. The study aimed at investigating the geographical distribution of Marjoram and Chamomile crops and to find important foreign markets and the possibility of exploring new markets. The study depends on the descriptive and quantitative methods. The study use of Boston model to determine the best countries that may absorb these crops. <br /> The study reveals that Finland market absorbs about 7.6% of Marjoram exports about 7.9% of total exports. The model has also shown that European countries contribute with the highest rank share of the above crops exports. The study suggest to increase of the Arab countries store of the export of the above crops as well as some export countries such as Italy, France and UK. https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_44336_e9e9be67421c09f664966a26c07a9eda.pdf