Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901MONITORING OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN RIVER NILE WATER FROM EGYPT BY SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION FOLLOWED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROSCOPY1871961533510.21608/ajs.2005.15335ENHanaa F.MAliBiochemistry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptM AOsmanBiochemistry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptT LPotterUSDA, Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, GA, USAM AMohamedBiochemistry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20041020Solid-phase extraction (SPE), gas chromatography electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and gas chromatography nitrogen-phosphorous detector (GC-NPD) and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) were applied for trace-level de-termination of 20 pesticides in river nile water. Samples were collected from March to October 2003 from different sites located in Greater Cairo, Egypt. First, extrac-tion by on-site solid-phase extraction of 1 liter from field and laboratory spiked and unspiked (raw river water) samples using poly-divinyl benzene-N-vinyl pyrolidine cartridge based sorbent. Next, water extracts were subject of analysis by GC-ECD and GC-NPD. Next, selected samples that were positive to GC-ECD or GC-NPD were analyzed by GC-MS in order to improve the determination of detected pesti-cides. Recoveries from laboratoy spiked samples were > 85% for 16 of the 20 com-pounds with % relative standard deviation (% RSD) in the 5 to 10 % range. The lowest recoveries were for aldrin, 52 % and prothiofos, 48 %. A similar trend was observed with p,p-DDE and p,p-DDT values. Field spike results also indicated high % recovery for most of the target compounds. Values were > 85% for 12 of the 20 analytes, as was the case in laboratory spikes, Aldrin, 54 % and prothiofos, 55 % yielded the lowest values. Overall field spike recovery reproducibility was lower since % RSDs were higher, 15-40 %. Overall results indicated a relatively high de-gree of accuracy and precision could be achieved for most of the target compounds by methods applied in present study.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15335_1d2007da36e8822721e4cb003986e49f.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE GENUS TRIBULUS L. IN EGYPT I- MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES2061971533810.21608/ajs.2005.15338ENKadria AAhmedBotany Depart., Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo,
EgyptAmaal HMohamedBotany Depart., Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo,
Egypt.Journal Article20071023This work aims at classifying the genus Tribulus which is represented in Egypt by 7 taxa (6 species & one variety) viz.: Tribulus terrestris, T.terrestris var. bicornu-tus, T.pentandrus, T.macropterus, T.megistopterus, T.mollis and T.kaiseri according to the current classical morphological features including those of flower which can lead to a correct taxonomic decision. The work includes detailed comparative vege-tative and reproductive morphology of the studied taxa, while drawings representing the extracted results are tried into cumulative plates. Also an artificial indented di-chotomous key for the studied taxa is constructed. The key easily differentiated the pentacyclic flowered taxa from the tetracyclic in 2 separated collections. The 1st is composed of 5 taxa in which; nature of pericarp (bony or herbaceous), leaflet pairs into large leaf (7 or 6), calyx (persistant or deciduous), anther connection (basi-or dorsifixed) and others are found effective in identification. On the other hand; calyx imbrication (quincuncial or ascending) and stigma (persistant or deciduous) are used in separating the 2 spp. within the 2nd collection.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15338_b98ec867f9e625760ab87004ca28e8c0.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE GENUS TRIBULUS L. IN EGYPT II- HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES2072171534610.21608/ajs.2005.15346ENKadria AAhmedBotany Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo,
Egypt.Amaal HMohamedBotany Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo,
Egypt.Journal Article20041023Comparative detailed vegetative anatomical investigation for stems, leaves and foliar details of the 7 studied taxa of the genus Tribulus in Egypt has been carried out in order to its reclassification based on internal structures. Accurate drawings for each of the studied organs are outlined into cumulative plates. Also an artificial in-dented dichotomous key has been constructed. Variation in number of basal vascular bundles (2 or 1) into the small leaflet-blade within the large leaf is utilized in classi-fying the studied taxa into two Groups. The 1st contained 5 taxa with 2 main bundles while the 2nd included 2 taxa each with single and unique basal bundle/small leaflet. Members of Gp.I are distinguished according to differences in : phloem & cambium characters, presence of 2 distinct glandular trichome types, stem outline & vascular cylinder contents, no. of petiolar vascular strands from base to apex, type of cuticle, type of pericyclic sclerenchymatous patches and others. On the other hand, variation in nature of starch sheath cells (from storing crystals to empty) and presence or ab-sence of schizogenous carnals in pith are found diagnostic in separating both mem-bers in Gp. II.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15346_5ca966926c1181d8a8362185544dd5d8.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901A PROPOSED TAXONOMIC SYSTEM OF THE GENUS TRIBULUS L. IN EGYPT BY MEANS OF NUMERICAL TAXONOMY2192311534810.21608/ajs.2005.15348ENKadria AliAhmedBotany Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20041023Numerical analysis of 62 morphological and histological characters extracted from the 2 previous papers (Ahmed and Mohamed, 2005, a & b) of the 7 studied taxa in the genus Tribulus led to their classification into two groups. The 1st contains 5 pentacyclic flowered taxa (T.terrestris, T. terrestris var. bicornutus, T.macropterus, T.megistopterus & T.mollis) with 2 basal vascular bundles in their small leaflets while the 2nd included 2 tetracyclic flowered taxa (T.kaiseri, T.pentandrus) with single main bundle. The resulted analysis arranged taxa of gp.I into 2 sections while that of gp.II into a third section. Tribulus besides possessing its own generic characters, also shares the Zygophylloid genera in major grounds. Therefore it is recommended to remain in tribe Tribuleae of Zygophylloideae within Zygophyllaceae and never isolated either into a family or even subfamily of its own.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15348_fb4ab3210445cc9af0bfe37f39626af2.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF ANABASIS ARTICULATA ECOTYPES IN EGYPT2332481535010.21608/ajs.2005.15350ENAzza A.FKhafagiBotany Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City,
Cairo, EgyptA. HMareiBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo,
Egypt.Sahar KMohamedBotany Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City,
Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20041009The present study has been carried out on ten stands of Anabasis articulata in Egypt. The relationships between the studied Anabasis articulata stands have been demonstrated as dendrogram based on the morphology, anatomy and some chemical constituents of the plants. Four characteristic ecotypes of Anabasis articulata have been recognized: (i) xerophytic ecotype in the stands of Belbase desert and Sudr El Hytat-Nekhl Road, (ii) xero - halophytiç ecotype in the stands of the Eastern Desert, Sinai Desert, Kattamia-Ain Sukhna Road, Isthmic desert (Fayid), Adabia and Saint Katherine, (iii) halophytic ecotype in the stands of the Red Sea Costal region, Ras Sudr and Hammam Faraon, Sinai and (iv) halo-xerophytic in the stands of the Nekhl-El Hasana and El Hasana-El Quseima Roads. These ecotypes differ, remark-ably, morphologically, anatomically and chemically. This may be due to the varia-tion in climatic and soil characteristics of the habitatshttps://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15350_693d89e78a7165e309a1ef3f3fad8d4d.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901CULTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDIES ON SOME STREPTOMYCETE ISOLATES2492681535310.21608/ajs.2005.15353ENH I.Abdel-FattahDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University,
Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20041030In this study, three isolates of Streptomyces isolated from Egyptian soil at Giza Governorate and belonging to red series were identified based on their cultural, morphological and physiological characters. According to the key proposed by Pridham and Tresner (1974), the experimental isolates ST55, ST71 and ST86 ap-peared to be related to S. lincolnensis, S. venezuelae and S. umbrinus, respectively. In addition, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-polymerase chain reac-tion (PCR) was used to amplify the DNA genome of the three applied isolates and an identified strain to determine their fingerprints. This was carried out using 10-decamer oligonucleotides, i.e., OP-A02, OP-D01, OP-D02, OP-D05, OP-D06, OP-D07, OP-D08, OP-D11, OP-D18 and OP-D20. The PCR amplified products were detected by electrophoresing on 1.5% agarose gel and visualized by staining in eth-idium bromide and UV trasilluminator. Results showed that the same oligonucleo-tide flanking fragments differed from one isolate to another with different sizes. Monomorphic and polymorphic fragments were amplified confirming the molecular relationships as well as the genetic diversity between the four applied strains of Streptomyces. Based on the statistical analysis of RAPD-PCR polymorphisms a de-gree of similarities ranged from 33.9 to 59.2 % was found. Furthermore, frag-ment(s), whatever absent or present, were found to be unique molecular markers and could be used for characterization of some isolates. This result supported the idea for using the RAPD-PCR technique for classification of Streptomyces isolates.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15353_b9f5a826f3eee36edbea99867de90f9a.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WHEAT PLANTS AS AFFECTED BY COMPLETE FOLIAR FERTILIZER COMPOUNDS UNDER WATER STRESS CONDITIONS IN NEWLY CULTIVATED SANDY LAND2692841535810.21608/ajs.2005.15358ENAhmed MAField Crops Research Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, EgyptM K.AAhmedField Crops Research Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20041216Two filed experiments were carried out at the New Salheyia Region, Sharkia Governorate, during the two successive seasons 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 to study growth and productivity of wheat plants as affected by complete foliar fertilizer compounds under water stress conditions in newly cultivated sandy land.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15358_f0facfce4739f06039b15f69a12a4a8e.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901UNTRADITIONAL METHODS OF P-APPLICATION FOR RAISING ITS EFFICIENCY ON SANDY SOIL2852961536110.21608/ajs.2005.15361ENK E.MNassarSoils, Water and Environment Research Institute; Agricultural Research Center, Giza,
EgyptM MEl-ShounySoils, Water and Environment Research Institute; Agricultural Research Center, Giza,
EgyptS FEl-FikiSoils, Water and Environment Research Institute; Agricultural Research Center, Giza,
EgyptJournal Article20050915Soils of Egypt characterize with raising pH values, CaCO3 content, clay and Fe & Al oxides. These factors contribute, to a large extent, in P-fixation in soil and its transformation into unavailable forms. This reflect, in turn, on plant growth and the resultant crop. So, the main target of this investigation is raising the use efficiency of P-fertilization, decreasing P-fixation, increasing its availability in soil and promoting its uptake by plant through testing new methods for P-application compared with the traditional one (P-application before sowing). Therefore, two field experiments were designed in sandy soils during the two winter seasons 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 at South Tahrir Res. Station, Ali Moubark village, El-Bustan region, Behira gover-norate under drip irrigation system. For the two experiments, P was applied as soil or seed coating. Soil application treatments were added at a rate of 30 kg P2O5/fed., once before sowing, twice: before sowing and during the vegetative growth stages or in three portions, before sowing and during the vegetative and flowering growth stages. In seed coating method, seed were coated before sowing with P at rates of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 kg P2O5/kg seed. Data obtained revealed that the treatments of P-soil application generally surpassed the P-seed coating ones. In this respect, P-soil appli-cation in three portions (at sowing and during the vegetative and flowering growth stages) gave the highest increments in seed, straw and seed protein yields as well as macro- and micronutrients contents in both seed and straw compared with the tradi-tional method of soil P-application. Moreover, seed coated with 0.2 kg P2O5/kg seeds attained the highest increases in all abovementioned yield components and nu-tritive contents among the treatments of seed coating method, whereas, coating of seeds with 0.3 kg P2O5/kg seeds caused the least ones. Therefore, it can be conclud-ed that the addition of P to sandy soil at a rate of 30 kg P2O5/fed., in three portions, i.e. at sowing and during the vegetative and flowering growth stages reduce P-fixation by soil factors, increase its availability, promote its uptake by plant, achieve the highest productivity of faba bean seed, straw and seed protein yields and im-prove the nutritive contents of both seeds and straw.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15361_8f7e72bdf1960c18f15ef666ed7d5d5f.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901PHYSIOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF CERTAIN MAIZE INBRED LINES AND HYBRIDS BY USING RAPID METHODS TECHNIQUE 1. GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES2973071545810.21608/ajs.2005.15458ENM B.AEl-KoomyMaize Res. Section, Field Crops Inst., ARC, Giza, EgyptA AAbdel-GawadAgron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ, Shobra El-Khema, Cairo, EgyptA. M.AAbo-ShetaiaAgron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ, Shobra El-Khema, Cairo, EgyptG .M.AMahgoubMaize Res. Section, Field Crops Inst., ARC, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20041205Identification of specific physiological differences among maize genotypes (six inbred lines, four single crosses and four three-way crosses) to drought would be useful to plant breeders for improving selection criteria. Two field experiments were conducted in optimum and stress moisture conditions at Gemmeiza Agricultural Re-search Station in 2001 and 2003 growing seasons. The treatments were 14 geno-types, (six inbreds and eight hybrids), which were separately established under three irrigation treatments in split plot design with four replications. The genotypes were compared under water-deficit conditions on the basis of certain rapid techniques to determine leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic efficiency (photo), canopy tempera-ture depression (CTD), stomatal conductance (SC) and chlorophyll (CHL) content which were deleteriously affected by water stress in the sensitive genotypes. Results revealed that values of LAI, photosynthetic efficiency, canopy temperature depres-sion, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content of maize hybrids surpassed those of inbred lines. This was true at 30, 45 and 60 days after planting (DAP). Dif-ferences among maize hybrids and among inbred lines were significant at different growth stages for the same studied traits, except of the LAI for the inbreds, at 30 DAP and CTD for the hybrids at 30 as well as 60 DAP. Detecting certain physio-logical criteria, i.e. LAI, photosynthetic efficiency (photo), canopy temperature de-pression (CTD), stomatal conductance (SC) and chlorophyll content (Chl) could be used as reliable techniques to explore the physiological activity of maize genotypes at early stages of growth and may be recommended in screening different genotypes in maize breeding programs.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15458_33bd85e8f0137ecc193ad87e78e1968b.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901GENETIC PARAMETERS OF SOME AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN YELLOW MAIZE UNDER TWO PLANTING DATES3053251546010.21608/ajs.2005.15460ENK AEl ShounyDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra
El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptOlfat HEl BagouryDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra
El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptK I.MIbrahimDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra
El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptS AAl-AhmadDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra
El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20041102Six population’s seeds of four yellow maize crosses were formed during 2001 and 2002 growing seasons. Their plants were evaluated during 2003 growing season under two planting dates (14th May and 29th June) for six agronomic traits at the Agric. Res. Stat. of Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Shalakan, Kalubia Gover-norate, Egypt. The present work aimed to determine the genetic parameters and their interactions with planting dates for grain yield per plant, 100-kernel weight, number of kernels per row, ear length, ear diameter, and days to silking in the six popula-tions (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2). Mean values of the six populations for all studied traits in all crosses were higher under normal planting date than those under late one. Therefore, normal planting date seemed to be non-stress environment. The potence ratio for all traits in the four crosses exceeded (+1) except days to silking where it was less (-1). The highest heterosis percentage relative to mid and better parent reached 192.06% and 152.01% in cross 1 for grain yield per plant under late plant-ing date. Inbreeding depression values were not-significant in all studied traits ex-cept ear diameter and 100-kernel weight in crosses 1 and 3 as well as grain yield per plant in all crosses also, it was positive for most studied characters in the four cross-es except days to silking trait. Dominance occupied the first rank, additive or domi-nance type of epistasis occupied the second or the third contributor to the genetic ef-fects in order of importance according to cross with exception of days to silking, where additive and additive occupied the first and the second ranks. Narrow sense heritability was relatively high for yield attributes whereas it was low for grain yield per plant. Meantime, expected genetic advance was relatively moderate or low for all traits. Therefore, it could be suggested that selection for most studied traits in the subsequent generations will be relatively more effective than in the early genera-tions.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15460_4c5d6cde4e0b63a81509e13b7f560a2c.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901CORRELATION AND PATH COFFICIENT ANALYSIS IN FOUR YELLOW MAIZE CROSSES UNDER TWO PLANTING DATES3273391546310.21608/ajs.2005.15463ENK AEl-ShounyDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra
El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptOlfat HEl-BagouryDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra
El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptK I.MIbrahimDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra
El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptS AAl-AhmadDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra
El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20041102F1 and F2 seeds of four crosses were formed during 2001 and 2002 growing sea-sons. The F2 population’s plants were evaluated during 2003 growing season under the two planting dates (14th May and 29th June) to estimate the phenotypic correla-tion coefficients among eight plants characters and their contributions in the varia-tion of grain yield/ plant at the Agric. Res. Stat. of Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Shalakan, Kalubia Governorate, Egypt. Results showed that grain yield/ plant under normal planting date correlated positively and significantly - in most cases - with each of ear diameter, ear length, number of kernels/ row, 100-kernel weight, number of rows/ ear, ear height, plant height and days to silking, while under late planting date, it correlated with each of number of kernels/ row, ear diameter, 100-kernel weight, ear length, number of rows/ ear, ear height and days to silking. Path coeffi-cient analysis estimates indicated that ear diameter; ear length and number of ker-nels/ row can be considered as the most important sources of plant grain yield varia-tion under normal planting date while, under late planting date they were number of kernels/ row, ear diameter, 100-kernel weight and ear length. It was concluded that each of ear diameter, ear length and ear length through its indirect effects via ear di-ameter are considered as the most important sources of plant grain yield variation.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15463_8ae42fd461a10f1c80f1c3129a3f9546.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901EFFECT OF NATURAL ANTIOXIDANT OF CAKE QUALITY DURING STORAGE3413501546410.21608/ajs.2005.15464ENAyman EMFood Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Nadia MAbd El-MotalebFood Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20041214In this study, both the methanol extraction of sage leaves and clove buds were added as natural antioxidant at concentraction 100, 200 and 300 ppm from butter weight using in cake production. The cake produced was storage at room tempera-ture for 8 weeks. Butter stability was measured by Rancimat apparatus. Also, perox-ide value, acid value and thiobarbituric acid value were measured. Sensory evalua-tion was measured directly after baking (before storage) and at the end of storage pe-riod. Rancimat results showed that increasing natural antioxidant concentration led to longer butter stability and retarded rancidity than control. At the same time sage leaves extraction was much effectiveness for period long butter stability compared to clove buds extraction. Also the results revealed that the more concentration of natural antioxidants increased the peroxide value, acid value and thiobarbituric aicd value decreased compared to control. Sensory evaluation in zero time indicated im-provement in taste, flavor, texture and tenderness while color values were decreased with increasing sage and clove extraction compared to control. After 8 weeks of storage sensory evaluation scores were generally decreased.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15464_cc9acf857a9c575bdd7c79e51aec1c94.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901UTILIZATION OF CORN GERM AND SUNFLOWER SEEDS AS A NEW SOURCES OF LECITHINS AND THEIR MODIFIED FORMS IN MANUFACTURE OF CARAMEL3513651546710.21608/ajs.2005.15467ENY F.MKishkFood Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptSalwa MAbo-El-FetohFood Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20041214Fractionation and acylation by ethyl alcohol and acetic anhydride were carried out to produce a modified corn germ and sunflower lecithins from their crude leci-thins. Emulsification activity and emulsion stability indices (EAI & ESI) were de-termined at different pH values (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) for commercial and studied leci-thins. EAI was significantly improved in modified lecithins in comparison to crude lecithins with increasing rate of 52.9 and 58.6 % for corn germ and sunflower etha-nol soluble fraction lecithins and 15.6 and 20.5 % for acylated corn germ and sun-flower lecithins, respectively. The changes in ESI after times of 20, 40 and 60 min. showed a higher stability of emulsions prepared using modified lecithins which were closed to that prepared using commercial soy lecithin. Caramel was prepared using commercial soy, corn germ, sunflower lecithins and their modified forms. Hardness of tested samples was determined in the start of storage time while, acid value, per-oxide value, fatty acid pattern and sensory attributes were determined during storage period at room temperature for six months. Data revealed insignificant difference in caramels hardness. Samples contained crude sunflower; acylated corn germ and sun-flower lecithins were more sensitive to oxidation while, those prepared using com-mercial soy, crude corn germ, ethanol soluble fraction of corn germ and sunflower lecithins showed higher oxidative stability with significant differences (P<0.05). Concerning sensory evaluation, both ethanol soluble fractions and acylated lecithins produced high quality caramels not differed (P>0.05) to control one that contained commercial soy lecithin. The quality and quantity of lecithin that used in prepared of caramel samples played a major role in their characteristics. The modified corn germ and sunflower lecithin forms were preferred than the raw lecithins owing to their higher emulsifying activity and lesser quantity used. The ethanol soluble lecithins fraction, especially of corn germ can be competitive to the commercial soy lecithin in all emulsified food products.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15467_234503da50c7c80e2e8bf21440d28376.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901QUALITY EVALUATION OF BEEF STEAKS WITH EDIBLE COATING DURING DEEP - FRYING3673831547910.21608/ajs.2005.15479ENNessrien M.NYasinFood Science and Technology Departement, Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ.,
Shoubra El- Kheima, Cairo, EgyptHanan M.AAl-SayedFood Science and Technology Departement, Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ.,
Shoubra El- Kheima, Cairo, EgyptSalwa MAbo-El-FetohFood Science and Technology Departement, Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ.,
Shoubra El- Kheima, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20041101Quality of fried beef steaks coated with sodium alginate, carrageenan and car-boxy methyl cellulose (CMC) at concentrations 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9% as well as oils used for frying were evaluated after several frying times (1, 3, 5 and 7 times). Weight loss, shrinkage, moisture loss and final lipid content of control sample were sharply increased after the first time of frying compared to other treatments. The lower reduction in weight loss was achieved in fried beef steaks coated with CMC at concentration of 0.9%. Samples coated with 0.9% carrageenan caused a considerable decrease especially in shrinkage and moisture loss followed by samples coated with CMC and then those coated by sodium alginate at different concentrations. The same treatment (0.9% CMC) showed the lower value of final lipid content. There were significant (p<0.01) decremental patterns in all of sensory attributes (appear-ance, flavor, color, juiciness, mouth feel, texture and overall acceptability) of fried beef steaks during subsequent frying times for all treatments. Less rates of these de-terioration were appeared in CMC samples with different concentrations followed by samples coated with 0.3% and 0.6% of sodium alginate. Progressive rise in acid value of frying oils was especially found in control sample during different frying times, on the other hand the low rate of increase was appeared in sample coated with 0.3% and 0.6% sodium alginate. The higher values of K232 appeared in control sam-ple followed by 0.9% CMC but lower value recorded by oil used for frying beef steaks coated with 0.3% and 0.6% of sodium alginate after 5 times of frying. The same behavior was appeared in K270 determination except there was decrement pat-tern in this criteria by increasing frying times especially from 5 to 7 times of frying in control and coated samples with 0.3% and 0.6% of carrageenan. The highest val-ue of refractive index of fried oil was in control sample followed by coated sample with 0.9% sodium alginate after 7 times of frying. However, the lower value was in coated sample with 0.6% carrageenan under the same conditions. It is cleared to know that, the viscosity of oil which used for frying control sample was lower than that of other treatments during various frying times. Data revealed that the color in-dex (oil deterioration) increase as the concentration of different edible coatings of beef steaks and number of frying increased.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15479_a51554568711367707c5b6fb93f0b9d3.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901ENHANCING OF THE PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY OF OILS BLEACHING EARTH3853981548210.21608/ajs.2005.15482ENA YGirgisOils and Fats Research Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural
Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20041201Various percentages of citric acid [0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2%] were blended with the oil (w/v) before the bleaching of either soybean oil (SOO) or sunflower oil (SUO) to rise the performance efficiency of bleaching earth. Afterwards, activated bleaching earth was added to these oils for bleaching them at 1% level. Also, the same clay was used at 2% level for bleaching the above mentioned oils without us-ing citric acid as a reference. The study revealed that better result for raising the bleaching efficiency of SOO was obtained with 0.15% citric acid. Whilst, 0.1% cit-ric acid gave the best result pertaining the bleaching efficiency of SUO. Also, the data showed high reductions in the values of peroxide number, soap, conjugated dienes and trienes for the bleached oils with the increasing percent content of citric acid. While, the acidity values of the bleached oils (SOO and SUO) slightly in-creased with increasing citric acid percentages. On the other hand, using of citric ac-id at the ratios of 0.15 and 0.2% gave almost the same values in the bleaching effi-ciency of SOO. While, using of citric acid at the ratios of 0.1 and 0.15% gave nearly the same results of bleaching efficiency of SUO. Also, the data indicated that using of citric acid caused somewhat no changes in the fatty acid composition or their oxi-dative stabilities in the bleached oils. Therefore, it can be concluded that the reduc-tion in the color of sunflower and / or soybean oils up to a levels of 33.3 and 36.7% is attainable by using either 0.1 or 0.15% citric acid prior to the bleaching step to de-crease the imported content from bleaching earth to Egypthttps://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15482_457868f9f42c50187fa2ebb765103043.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901EFFECT OF IRRIGATION WITH SALINIZED WATER ON GROWTH AND CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF “KALA-MATA” OLIVE CULTIVAR GRAFTED ONTO DIFFERENT OLIVE ROOTSTOCKS3994171548510.21608/ajs.2005.15485ENSanaa, ILazOlive & Semiarid Zone Fruits Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Centre.
Giza, EgyptJournal Article20041213The most important black table olive (Olea europaea L.) “Kalamata” cultivar, grafted onto three different vegetative olive rootstocks[Picual (Pic), Frantoio (Fra) and Koroneiki (Kor) cvs.] was evaluated with 2-year-old grafted plants grown in sand clay soil, and received concentrations of salt mixture (NaCl, Na2So4, CaCl2, MgSo4 and KCl) making 6000 and 8000 ppm with SAR 12 of salinity level, for two seasons. Morphological and chemical parameters were investigated to determine the relative salinity tolerance of these rootstocks and to define possible reasons for any observed differences in the salt tolerance. However, results indicated that differences in response to salinity among rootstocks were observed primarily in morphological traits. Increasing of salinity level in irrigation water decreased, all of scion height and its rate of increase, leaf area, number of leaves/plant and fresh & dry weight of leaves and roots. But different rootstocks can affect the degree to which these pa-rameters is reduced under salinity, where Kalamata growth on Picual and Frantoio was considerably better than on Koroneiki at 6000 and 8000 ppm treatments. In-versely in untreated grafted plants Kalamata on Kornaki exhibited the best growth vigor, comparing with Kal/Pic or Kal/Fra plants, suggesting that a decrease of scion growth in untreated grafted plants is a salt tolerance quality transmitted by tolerant rootstocks. Salinity significantly decreased leaf chlorophyll (a) and (b) content of all grafted plants, but different content among rootstocks were noted. On the contrary, proline content increased in leaves of all treated plants, however, insignificant dif-ference was noted between rootstocks, yet the interaction between the two factors show that Kalamata on Picual and on Frantoio rootstocks recorded higher values of leaf proline content than Kalamata on Koroneiki rootstock. Leaves and roots Na+ and Cl- content of treated grafted plants showed an increment but to a different de-gree, comparing with the untreated (control) plants. There were differences among the grafted plants where Kalamata grafted on Koroneiki (the least tolerant cv.) most-ly affected by saline treatment and accumulated the highest content of Na+ and Cl- in leaves comparing with Kalamata on Picual (the most tolerant cv.) or on Frantoio (the
Sanaa Laz<br />Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 13(2), 2005<br />400<br />moderate tolerant cv.). Tolerant rootstocks contained more Na+ in roots than in leaves. This response become apparent as salinity increased. Leaf N, P and K con-tents decreased in Kalamata leaves as influenced by different rootstocks and increas-ing salinity in irrigation water comparing with the control. Kal/Pic and Kal/Fra plants had higher N% in leaves than Kal/Kor plants, whereas Kal/Pic accumulated K more than the other plants, while P content in leaves of all grafted plants were insig-nificant in the two seasons. Based on the overall growth parameters and chemical composition in response to salinity, Kalamata grafted on Picual exhibited the great-est salt tolerance followed by those grafted on Frantoio whereas, Kalamata on Koro-neiki showed the poorest plants pertaining salt tolerance.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15485_98a73397161d4900f56bb4d05dbf6613.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901AGGEZI AND KORONEIKI OLIVE TREES AS AFFECTED BY ORGANIC AND BIO – FERTILIZERS, CALCIUM CITRATE AND POTASSEINE4194401548810.21608/ajs.2005.15488ENAAbou El-KhashabOlive & Semi-Arid Zone Fruits Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute,
Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptSafia A.MA. TalebOlive & Semi-Arid Zone Fruits Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute,
Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptWafaa TSaeedOlive & Semi-Arid Zone Fruits Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute,
Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20041221The present study was carried out in an olive orchard at 6th of October city, Giza Governorate, Egypt during 2002 and 2003 growing seasons on “Aggezi” and “Koroneiki” olive cultivars for table and oil purposes, respectively. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of organic farmyard manure (FYM), compost (COM) manure and biofertilizers (Bio) as the combination between phosphorene and nitrobeine, calcium citrate (Cac) and potasseine (K). Besides, the fertilization program adopted in the farm [N (750g/tree), P2O5 (600g/tree) & K2O (500g/tree)] was used as control. The results revealed that, the application of different aforemen-tioned treatments increased significantly shoot growth (length and diameter, number of leaves shoot and area/leaf) compared to the control in both cultivars (Aggezi and Koroneiki) during the two growing seasons. In this concern, the application of FYM+Cac influenced significantly shoot length & diameter, number of leaves/shoot and area/leaf of Koroneiki cv. and shoot diameter of Aggezi cv. Meantime the area /leaf of both cvs.increased when fertilized by FYM+COM+Cac. Whereas, the com-bination of FYM, COM, Cac, Bio, and K improved significantly blooming charac-teristics (number of flowers/inflorescence, inflorescence length and perfect flowers %) of Aggezi and Koroneiki olive cvs. However, number of fruits/shoot and yield of both cultivars increased significantly when treated by the combination of organic and biofertilizers, especially FYM+COM+Bio. Moreover, pulp/seed ratio was in-creased when treated with FYM+Bio (especially in 1st season). In addition, Koro-neiki cv. when provided with FYM+COM+Bio treatment produced the richest fruits in their oil content. Aggezi cv. trees when fertilized with the combination of organic manure & calcium, gave higher contents of chlorophyll (A), (B) & total chlorophyll, however, in Koroneiki cv. chlorophyll B didn't affect. Eventually, nutrient elements (NPK) contents didn't take a definite trend except for N which was affected signifi-cantly with the different combinations, while P & K in Aggezi leaves were influ-enced by FYM only. On the other hand, Koroneiki trees treated with COM+Bio had the highest leaf N content. Leaf P content was positively affected by FYM+Cac in 2002 and FYM+COM+Bio in 2003. Meantime, FYM+K followed by COM+Bio in-duced the highest stimulative effect on leaf K content.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15488_d696f2f22b43ced99571c2a383cadf2c.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901EFFECT OF IN VITRO PRESERVATION ON THE RAPD PROFILES IN "KORONAIKI" AND "KALAMATA" OLIVE CULTIVARS (OLEA europaea L.)4414521549310.21608/ajs.2005.15493ENWafaa TSaeedHort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cent., Min. Agric., Cairo, EgyptH ZHassanDept. Bot., Fac. Sci., Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptSaffia M.MGazyDept. Bot., Fac. Sci., Helwan University, Cairo, EgyptEglal M.SShabanHort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Cent., Min. Agric., Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20040915The present work aimed to establish a protocol to minimize the potential effect of in-vitro preservation for 8 months of the two olive cultivars i.e Koronaiki and Kalamata. Three culture conditions (treatments) were chosen to investigate the most suitable one for minimizing somaclonal variations after the process of in vitro preservation. The conditions include MS medium plus mannitol, MS medium plus low temperature and MS medium plus naphthaline acetic acid. RAPD-based finger-printing was employed to determine the effects of the different chemical constituents and other culture conditions on the extent of somaclonal variations after 8 months of in vitro preservation at the DNA level. Four arbitrary primers (OPA-04, -07, -14 and -16) were successfully utilized to achieve such goal. The obtained results showed that Mannitol has more pronounced effect than the other investigated preservation culture and conditions for decreasing DNA alterations.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15493_39ca8f8cb3da60bb02106cf341d904c0.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901THE INFLUENCE OF STEM CUTTING LENGTH AND IBA TREATMENTS ON PROPAGATION OF NATIVE SAUDI ARABIAN GRAPEVINE4534581549810.21608/ajs.2005.15498ENB THamoohDepartment of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and
Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20040801The Saudi Arabian Ministry of Agriculture experimental station at Al-Maddina Al-Monwarah region, identified very few plantations of the most productive Vitis vinifera var. maddini with the highest fruit quality. This research was designed to optimize rooting effeciency in relation to cutting length and auxin treatment. Cutting length (long vs short) showed strong impact on rooting ability. Results showed that longer cuttings produce more and longer roots than shorter ones. IBA treatments up to the 500 ppm level showed significant increase in root number, but do not have significant impact on root length. Rooted cuttings were planted in an open field for further evaluations. These findings may facilitate the clonal propagation of this val-uable vines at Al-Maddina Al-Monwarah region, grapevine growers and Horticultur-ists in Saudi Arabia .https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15498_b9274251d9cbe035a825081664d761ae.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901DIAGNOSING THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF APPLE ORCHARDS AT SOUTH OF JORDAN4594691550310.21608/ajs.2005.15503ENF MAl-NasirDept. Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mu’tah University, JordanK MAl-AbsiDept. Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mu’tah University, JordanJournal Article20041107A test survey was conducted to determine the nutritional status of apple trees grown at four highly productive orchards in south of Jordan. Leaf and soil samples were taken from each orchard, and analyzed for the concentrations of macro- and micronutrients. Soils of Al-Shoubak tend to have high pH, low organic matter and high CaCO3 contents. The results showed that soil concentrations of N, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu varied widely among the orchards. No deficiency or hunger signs of N, P, K, Mn and Zn nutrients were observed at any of the localities since concentrations of leaf nutrients were generally within the sufficient range, indicating adequate lev-els of fertilization applied to the trees. The leaf analysis has shown that Cu deficien-cy is found in some apple orchards. Soils and leaf nutrient levels were generally not well correlated with one another. The only highly significant correlation was be-tween soil P and leaf N. However, positive relations were observed among leaf P and Mn, Fe and Mn, Fe and Zn, and Mn and Zn contents.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15503_ff9d05404fe746a8d35aebe8ac91a7c4.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901IMPROVING CANINO APRICOT TREES PRODUETIVITY BY FOLIAR SPRAY WITH BORON, GA3 AND ACTIVE DRY YEAST4714801550710.21608/ajs.2005.15507ENH S.AHassanPomology Department, National Research Centre, El-Behoos St., Dokki, Cairo,
EgyptE A.MMostafaPomology Department, National Research Centre, El-Behoos St., Dokki, Cairo,
EgyptDorria MAhmedPomology Department, National Research Centre, El-Behoos St., Dokki, Cairo,
EgyptJournal Article20040909The present investigation was carried out during two successive seasons of 2002 and 2003 on Canino Apricot trees budded on seedlings rootstock at a private orchard located at El-Khatatba district, Menofia Governorate Egypt. Trees were sprayed at full-bloom stage with boron, GA3 and active dry yeast at different concentration alone or in their combinations. Results showed that spraying Boron, GA3 and active dry yeast either singly or in combination caused a remarked promotion in leaf min-eral status, yield and fruit quality compared with control treatment Combined appli-cation solution of 400ppm Boric acid, 40ppm GA3 and 2% active dry yeast at full bloom stage gave the best results with regard to the yield and fruit quality of Canino Apricot.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15507_4d33068be048e991729d8ec6d9fb7e8a.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF THREE ALMOND CULTIVARS AND THE ALMOND – PEACH HYBRID ROOT-STOCK“HANSEN”4814991551210.21608/ajs.2005.15512ENAEl-HammadyDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra
El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptWafaa HWanasDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra
El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptAAbd El-HamidDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra
El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt.M JEl-SalemDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra
El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20040818Stem node explants of three almond (Prunus dulcis Mill) cultivars (Om – Elfahm, M-Dalt and Ne Plus Ultra) and the hybrid rootstock “Hansen” cv. were suc-cessfully established and proliferated on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) sup-plemented with benzyl adenine (BA) at 0.0 - 2.0 mgl -1 and indol butyric acid (IBA) at 0.0 - 0.1 mgl-1 .The highest bud development percentage of stem node explant was obtained with medium contained BA at 2 mgl-1 with or without IBA at 0.1 mgl-1 for M – Dalet and Ne Plus Ultra almond cultivars compared with other treatments. The longest shoot during establishment stage was recorded by “Hansen” rootstock cultured in MS with BA at 2.0 mgl-1 plus IBA at 0.01 mgl-1.Using BA at 1.0 mgl-1 plus IBA at 0.1 mgl-1 and BA at 2.0 mgl -1 plus 0.05 or 0.1 mgl -1gave the highest number of proliferated shoots for Om – Elfahm, M-Dalt and Ne Puls Ultra cvs. and “Hansen”, respectively in the 3rd subculture. The best average proliferated shoot length was achieved with medium supplemented with BA at 1.0 mgl-1 plus IBA at 0.05 mgl-1 or 0.1 mgl-1 for M-Dalt, Ne Puls Ultra and “Hansen” respectively, where-as, using BA at 2.0 mgl -1 plus IBA at 0.1 mgl -1 recorded the longest average prolif-erated shoot for Om- Elfahm cultivar. Microshoots were rooted in modified Bourgin and Nitsch medium supplemented with IBA or NAA at 1.0 mgl-1 only or combination (0.2 IBA mgl-1 + NAA 0.4 mgl-1, IBA 0.4 mgl-1 + NAA 0.8 mgl-1 and IBA 0.5 mgl-1 + NAA 1.0 mgl-1). The large callus (more than 10 mm diameter) was recorded with “Hansen” rootstock and Om – Elfahm treated by IBA at 0.4 mgl -1 plus NAA at 0.8 mgl -1. The greatest rooting percentage (66.67%) was obtained with medium contained IBA at 0.2 or 0.4 mgl-1 plus NAA at 0.4 or 0.8 mgl-1 for “Hansen” rootstock and Ne Plus Ultra shoots.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15512_f80187bc6c24750d4ab930b050b781b2.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901MINIMIZING THE TRANSPLANT DECAY DEVELOPMENT VIA CA APPLICATION AND MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE INCREASED STRAWBERRY YIELD5015111552010.21608/ajs.2005.15520ENA AA-AlttifVegetable Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Dokky, Gizza.A MEl-GizawyHorticulture Department, Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Shobra El-KheimaA AAbd-ElhafezHorticulture Department, Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Shobra El-KheimaM ROmarahVegetable Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Dokky, Gizza.Journal Article20040612This study was carried out at the Strawberry Improvement Center Experimental Farm, Nobaria, Beheira Governorate and the Horticulture Research Station, Bar-rage, Kalubia Governorate during 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 seasons. The study aimed to investigate the effect of calcium nutrition (0, 13and 26 kg/fed. Ca) and modified atmosphere storage (10,20, 30 and 40% CO2) on the post harvest decay of cold stored strawberry transplants and their subsequent fruit production. The results indicated that increasing the rate of calcium application during the transplant growth period and carbon dioxide concentration around transplants during the cold storage resulted in significant decrements in transplant decay, infection percentage, disease severity of roots and crowns. There was a positive relationship between cal-cium nutrition and early yield. Moreover, the highest calcium rate gave the highest total yield while no significant difference was noticed between control and 13 kg/fed treatments. This study concluded that adding Ca++ at 26 Kg /fed as fertiga-tion of calcium nitrate (13% Ca) to the growing strawberry transplants followed by modified atmosphere storage (40% CO2) during the prolonged cold storage allowed maintenance of transplant quality and increased their yield while minimizing decay development.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15520_4c92337f133442d17abd3a55af5467f4.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901OCCURANCE OF LAYING WORKERS AT DIFFERENT HONEY BEE COLONIES STATUS5135191552710.21608/ajs.2005.15527ENA MElbassiounyPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra
El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20050102Laying workers expressed as Workers with Activate Ovaries (WAO) having ma-ture oocytes had been studied in colonies headed with natural mated carnica queens. The results showed that the WAO were affected by the age of the queen, where it reached 0.8, 1.3 and 2.2 % for colonies headed with queens 10, 20 and 30 month old, respectively. The worker ovaries started to activate when the reached 22. 18 and 12 days from emergence for colonies headed with caged mated queens, caged virgin queens and queenless colonies, respectively. Also, when the worker's age reached 30 days, the percentages of WAO occurrence reached 3.3, 7.3 and 14.7 % for the corre-sponding colonies status, respectively. In preparing swarm boxes, when the bee-keepers failed to introduce the queens into the nuclei until two days, one week and two weeks, the WAO recorded 1.4, 4.8 and 9.2 %, respectively. In case of queen rearing, the presence of WAO was not significant until the fifth day, and then in-creased gradually to reach an average of 4.6% in the tenth day.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15527_bc0e943f3a20f010586d31a17d4905fe.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901NATURAL ENEMIES ASSOCIATED WITH MEALY PLUM APHID HYALOPTERUS PRUNI (Geoff.), (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) INFESTED APRICOT TREES, AT QALUBIA GOVERNORATE5215351552910.21608/ajs.2005.15529ENH A.AAbul-FadlBiological Control Research Dept., Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Giza,
EgyptM A.MEl-KhawasBiological Control Research Dept., Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Giza,
EgyptSalwa MAbdel- SamadBiological Control Research Dept., Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Giza,
EgyptJournal Article20041204The present work was carried out to study the population dynamics of the mealy plum aphid Hyalopterus pruni (Geoff.) and related parasitoids and predators on apricot trees, during the two successive seasons, 2003 and 2004, at Qalubia Gover-norate. The obtained data revealed that, the occurrence of H. pruni on apricot trees covered 5 months (from February to June). The mean total numbers of this aphid species per season were 1.78 (0.01-6.37) and 2.83 (0.00-10.01) individuals./leaf. The maximum numbers of H. pruni were recorded during the 2nd weeks of April, 2003 and 2004. No aphid individuals were observed during the period extended from July to September, in the two studied seasons. Four species of parasitoids; namely Aphidius matricariae Hal., Lysiphylbus sp. (1ry parasitoids) and 2 species of Alloxysta spp. (2ry parasitoids) were recorded during this study, attacking H. pruni. These parasitoid species were found during nearly three months of each season, in connection with the population density of the previous aphid species. The first para-sitoid was the highest in its numbers. The total numbers of predatory species per season were 407 and 1082 individuals, in the two studied seasons, 2003 and 2004, respectively. The maximum monthly occurrence of these predatory species was dur-ing April, 2003 (146 individuals) and April, 2004 (581 individuals), respectively. The predator Chrysoperla septempunctata L. had the highest percentages of occur-rence among other recorded predatory species (52.83 and 73.01%, respectively). In general, the parasitoid A. matricariae and the predator C. septempunctata, could be mass reared and released for controlling H. pruni on apricot trees with other availa-ble safe control methods developed in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs against this pest.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15529_8886d6a348a8291d4fc2423d19ba15e0.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF EGYPTIAN SESBAN, SESBANIA aegyptica ; JYNIT. SEED EXTRACTS AGAINST RICE WEEVIL, SITOPHILUS oryzae L.5375481553910.21608/ajs.2005.15539ENSalwa M.SAhmedPlant Protection Res. Inst., Agric. Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Nadra HAl-MoajelGirls College, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20040914The toxic effective of wheat grains treated with Egyptian sesban, Sesbania ae-gyptica seed extracts offered to rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae was determined. Chlo-roform extract was found to be the most effective. Reproductive potential of treated weevil were strongly affected as number of laid eggs was reduced and no progeny were obtained when adults were fed on wheat grains treated with either Lc50 or Lc95 . Extracts treatment with Lc95 of extracts gave protection up to 10 weeks for petrole-um ether, and 9 weeks for both chloroform and acetone extracts. All tested extracts reduced grain germination at the end of 14 weeks storage period. Treated wheat grains with Egyptian Sesban seed extracts reduced the weight loss of grains infested with the rice weevil. Biochemical studies show that some enzymes were affected in treated insects. S. aegyptica acetone extract was more effective than the other ex-tracts, in this affect, as it caused a significant reduction in amylase, trehalse and acid phosphatase activity. However, this extract caused an increase in invertase, alkaline phosphatase and cholinestrase activity.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15539_9276b4417f8190376dfa7ca188a1726f.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901EFFECT OF TOOTH PICK (AMMI visnaga L.) SEED EXTRACTS ON THE RICE WEEVIL SITOPHILUS oryzae (COLEOPTERA : CURCULIONIDAE)5495571554510.21608/ajs.2005.15545ENSalwa M.SAhmedPlant Protection Res. Inst. Agric., Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptNadra HAl-MoajelGirls College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20040914Seeds of the tooth pick plant (Ammi visnaga L.) were extracted by organic sol-vents of different polarities, and tested for their toxic effect on Sitophilus oryzae in-festing wheat grains. Toxicity of chloroform extract, was the most potent, at both Lc50 and Lc95 levels (i.e. 3240 and 8730 ppm). Reproductive potential of treated weevil were strongly affected as no progeny were obtained when treated with either Lc50 or Lc95 with A. visnaga. Extracts treatment at Lc95 level organic extract gave protection up to 12 weeks for petroleum ether and chloroform, and 9 weeks when acetone was used for extraction. All tested extracts reduced grain germination at the end of 14 weeks storage period. Also, treated wheat grains with tooth pick extracts reduced the weight loss of grains.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15545_83fe8787e0a5a61da7385b62b6628d5b.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267513220050901EFFECT OF BIOMPHALARIA ALEXANDRINA SNAILS INFECTED BY BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS KURSTAKI ON THREE SUCCESSIVE GENERATIONS OF SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI5595681555110.21608/ajs.2005.15551ENSamia NEl-BardicyMedical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza,
Egypt .Menerva MTadrosMedical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza,
EgyptSherif MHafezPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo,
Egypt.Journal Article20041010The effect of infection of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails with Bacillus thurin-giensis kurstaki on various stages of Schistosoma mansoni life cycle was studied for three successive generations. Thus, two groups of snails were exposed to a sublethal concentration of the bacteria (0.08 gm/L water) containing 32000 IU/mg, for one week and to schistosome miracidia. One group was exposed to the miracidia before bacterial infection, while the other group to the miracidia after the bacterial infec-tion. Cercariae produced from each group of snails were used to infect albino mice. The infection of snails and mice with the parasite was repeated for three generations of the parasite. In the first case, data obtained show that the schistosome infection rate of snails was considerably reduced being 60%, 18%, and 66.6% versus 90 % , 92% and 90% in untreated control snails in the three generations of the parasite, re-spectively. Meanwhile, the mean prepatent period was extended being 29.1 4.3 days, 33 1 days and 38.5 2.5 days versus 27 days in the control group. The num-ber of worms recovered from infected mice showed reduction of 52 %, 78.4% and 58.6%, respectively. In the second case, the infection rate of snails was 40%, 16% and 73.7% for the three successive parasite generations and the prepatent period was 32 1 days, 32 2.3 days and 35 2.8 days, respectively. The reduction percentage of the recovered worms was 34.8, 73.6 and 72.9 in the sccessive generations, respec-tively. The present results prove that infecting B.alexandrina snails with a sublethal concentration of B. thuringiensis kurstaki bacteria exhibits clear negative effect on the transmission of S. mansoni in three successive generations. So, it could be rec-ommended to use B. thuringiensis kurstaki as a potential biocontrol agent against S. mansoni.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15551_2a4c4fc116f7df376c57990a5b161b1a.pdf