Ain Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267515120070301ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR MUSHROOM PRODUCTION IN SMALL ENTERPRISES3161446010.21608/ajs.2007.14460ENEl-DehemyAblaCentral Laboratory for Statistical Analysis Research, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptGad, M.A.Central Laboratory for Statistical Analysis Research, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20061121Many countries are interested in production of Mushroom because of its high nutritive value. In Egypt, production of Mushroom is about 0.06% of the world production. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the economic feasibility of Mushroom production to evaluate the predicted profits in Egypt. The results showed that production of Mushroom significantly increased by 0.15 thousand ton/year. China, U.S.A and Germany are the top producing countries where 46.11% from the total world production is produced by these countries. The top exporting countries are China, Poland and Ireland since they export 57.67% from the total world exports of Mushroom. Meanwhile, Germany, Japan, England and U.S.A. are the top importing countries which import about 574.82% thousand tons/year through (2002- 2004). The study revealed that production of Mushroom is profitable as an enterprise for small investors in Egypt. Total production costs per year is about<br clear="all" /> L.E. 8000. This small project gives two work opportunities and income of L.E. 12 thousand per year. The Internal rate of return of the enterprise is about 35% and the Payback period is about three years. Mushroom, the simple rate of return on investment is about 36%. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the least Internal rate of return supposing reduction of total income, is about 10% or increasing the total costs by 10%, the least Internal rate of return reached to14%. Whereas, simple rate of return on investment was estimated by 24% which was more than the interest rate in commercial banks that reached 10%. Therefore, This study recommends encouraging young-people enterprises in rural communities in new lands to produce Mushroom, by introducing technical consults, financial facilities for small investors. Also, limiting production and marketing difficulties, improving efficiency of marketing systems. In addition to maximizing production of Mushroom for exporting to the international markets and organizing training courses for spotting light on the economic feasibility of Mushroom to increase number of the investors to produce Mushroom.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14460_6bc2fb596b6b2dd28fac81facb8e8a0d.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267515120070301EFFECT OF GROWTH TECHNIQUES (PRUNING METHOD) ON THE PRODUCTION OF CUCUMBER GROWN IN GREENHOUSES19271454510.21608/ajs.2007.14545ENAL-Obeid, S.S.Dep. of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Deir- Ezzor, Phurat University, SyriaJournal Article20061114The present study was carried out to investi-gate the effect of pruning method on growth and production of cucumber (hybrid Aula) grown in greenhouses for 2004 and 2005 growing seasons. Three types of pruning were used : system of prin-cipal stem, system of secondary branchs, and mixed system (principal stem + secondary branchs).
The results show the following points
* Effect of mixed system is distinguish on early and total production in comparison with the other used methods which present a comparable production.
* Failing growth and production of mixed system at the end of season compared with two other used methods.
This experience allows to suggest
* Use of mixed system necessitate the regular pruning of plants for avoid the physiological fail and the bad morphological and physiologi-cal characteristics of fruits.
* Possibility of application the system of principal stem and avoid the system of secondary branchs with the necessity of knowledge the type of branch of varieties for avoid the tardy productionhttps://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14545_5e3d1f94f843faa1d0df7955ffbbc61d.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267515120070301EFFECT OF BALANCE BETWEEN ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND PREDICTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF POTATO29381454910.21608/ajs.2007.14549ENAL-ObeidSDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Deir- Ezzor, Phurat University, SyriaJournal Article20061114The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of balance between organic and mineral fertilizers on morphological and predictive charac-teristics of potato for two seasons, through the application of averages: (25 – 50 – 75 and 100) Ton / Hectare from compost of wheat and peanut which mixed successively with the percentage from mineral typical fertilizers (75 – 50 – 25 – 0 %). The results showed the distinguished effect of mineral fertilizer on morphological and prodictive characteristics of tubers in comparison with mixed or single organic fertilizer. The results showed also the positive effect of increasing the percent-age organic manure or its single use in the soil on the examined variables. However, the specific effect of organic fertilizer varied, so the compost of wheat produced an increase of examined varia-bles. This divergence of results was agreed with certain modifications of soil variableshttps://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14549_168ed1d23b4f28df302e584938880570.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267515120070301PRODUCTION OF MICROBIAL CELLULOSE BY TEA FUNGUS "KOMBUCHA"41471461110.21608/ajs.2007.14611ENShehAtaDepartment of Agric. Microbiology, Faculty of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptSawsanFDepartment of Agric. Microbiology, Faculty of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptHussein MAliDepartment of Agric. Biochemistry, Faculty of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20070117In seeking economic production of microbial cellulose, the available and low cost commercial kombucha starter, contains mainly Acetobacter xylinum and Saccharomyces sp., were used under static condition. The best medium composition was black tea extract (1.0 g /100 ml H2O), sucrose (20%) and corn steep liquor, CSL (1%) at 26-28oC for 10 days. The cellulose yield (1.3 g /100 ml) and productive rate (1.3 X 10-3 g / day /ml) were higher than some reported values. Addition of folic acid or its building block p-aminobenzoic acid at additive concentrations 0.20% led to dou-bling the yield (2.37 and 2.43 g / 100 ml culture respectively) and the productive rate (2.37 X 10-3 and 2.43 X 10-3 g / day / ml respectively). Scan-ning electron micrograph showed the structure of the produced microbial cellulose fibrils without any microbial flora after treatment with 1% NaOH.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14611_1d9075a1c6710f60e104b2ec7db8f8a8.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267515120070301RESPONSE OF SOYBEAN YIELD TO LATE SOWING DATES51591461710.21608/ajs.2007.14617ENM MSolimanField Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptE MRabieField Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptS BRaghebField Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20061111This work conducted on the research farm of Mallawi Agricultural Research Station, El-Minia Province, Egypt, during two successive seasons of 2004 and 2005 to study the role of the late plant-ings on the productivity of soybean. Three out of four genotypes selected to achieve that goal were new released cultivars, Giza-22; Giza-35; and Gi-za-111, and the commercial one, Crawford, the common parent of the three genotypes, as control. Three planting dates started on June 1st, June 15th for the second date of sowing and ended on June 30th for the third sowing date in both seasons. The package of the recommendations of soybean cul-ture carefully applied to get the best results of each sowing date. The results showed that all of the morphological, yield and productivity traits highly significantly affected by genotype and three out of five morphological traits, number of days to both flowering and maturity and plant height, also high-ly significantly affected by late sowing date. The other two traits, number of branches and leaf area at 75 days just significantly affected by late sow-ing date. In terms of yield and its components traits, only seed index highly significantly affected by late sowing date and yield per plot significantly affected by sowing time. All productivity traits were significantly affected by late sowing date specially the content of both oil and protein. Alt-hough yield per plot was significantly affected by late sowing date, the yield per plant was not af-fected by late sowing date indicating that the fac-tor of time of sowing may affect the rate of the germination and control the stand of the plots. Number of active nodules considered as produc-tivity trait because of the residual nitrogen that remain in the soil after harvest for the next crop. This number was significantly affected by sowing time and reached the highest values in the second date of June 15th that may due to the high tempera-ture at this time which lead to increasing the inter-action between soybean roots and the nodule bac-teria.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14617_4e8175d51f32613fc97c2a603604173e.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267515120070301RAPID ESTIMATIONS OF BIOLOGICAL FINENESS OF COTTON FIBERS USING MICROMAT DATA61681462210.21608/ajs.2007.14622ENA AMohamedCotton Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptM GSiefCotton Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptS HEl-HariryCotton Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20060520Rapid estimations of diameter minus lumen<br />(D-L), and outer perimeter of cotton fibers (P) in<br />microns, as a biological fineness of Egyptian cotton<br />could be calculated with satisfactory levels of<br />accuracy from hair weight (H.W) in m/tex and<br />maturity ratio )MR) obtained from Micromat data<br />(new F/MT instrument), using the following equations:<br />2<br />Circularity x 3.14 x 1.52<br />Hs (Standard fineness<br />Diameter (microns) <br />or Final format (D) (microns) = 1.205 Hs<br />or<br />Circularit y × 1.52<br />4 x 3.14 x Hs<br />Perimeter (microns) <br />or Final format (P) (microns) = 3.7853 Hs<br />Results of the current study suggested that<br />more attention should be focused on meaning and<br />measurements of the three values of biological<br />fineness (i.e.) diameter (D), perimeter (P) (microns)<br />and standard fineness (Hs) m/tex. which<br />can be derived from the data obtained from Micromat<br />instrument.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14622_7adc0fff26cf90c2f187343fefdc9861.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267515120070301PREPARATION AND FLAVOUR EVALUATION OF HIGH QUALITY FREEZE DRIED SEASONING BLEND71871462510.21608/ajs.2007.14625ENR.MFarag HanaaAgricultural Biochemistry Dept., Fac. Agric. Ain Shams Univ., Shoubra Elkhema, Cairo, EgyptA. AbdouZeinabAgricultural Biochemistry Dept., Fac. Agric. Ain Shams Univ., Shoubra Elkhema, Cairo, EgyptSalamaDawlat A.Agricultural Biochemistry Dept., Fac. Agric. Ain Shams Univ., Shoubra Elkhema, Cairo, EgyptIbrahimMervat A.R.Agricultural Biochemistry Dept., Fac. Agric. Ain Shams Univ., Shoubra Elkhema, Cairo, EgyptSrorH.A.M.Agricultural Biochemistry Dept., Fac. Agric. Ain Shams Univ., Shoubra Elkhema, Cairo, EgyptRashaSaadChemistry of Flavour and Aroma Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, EgyptMagda AAbd ElMageedChemistry of Flavour and Aroma Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, EgyptHoda HM. FadelChemistry of Flavour and Aroma Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, EgyptNessrien MN. YasinFood Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptI. MHassanFood Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20070110Combinations of different spices were used at variable concentrations in the preparation of vari-ous curry blends. The sample showed the highest sensory attributes in comparison with control cur-ry sample was compounded with different spices, onion and garlic at variable concentrations in cor-responding seasoning blend. The oleoresin of the seasoning blend that possessed the highest quality scores was prepared and subjected to freeze drying process after dispersion on suitable carrier. The flavour contribution percentages of the character-istic notes; light sweet top, medium aromatic, full boiled spicy and pungent spicy were calculated for each curry and seasoning blends. The hydro dis-tilled (HD) oils of the selected curry and its con-stituents were subjected to GC-MS analysis. The results revealed the high contribution of the com-ponents possess spicy note in the raw curry sam-ple. The components possess pungent notes showed less representation. β-Caryophellene was the major compounds in the HD oil of raw season-ing blends followed by δ-carene and ar-turmenone. The qualitative and quantitative varia-tion in the volatile compounds separated from the HD oil of the freeze dried sample may be attribut-ed to the interaction between such components and the used carrier (10% maltodextrin in water).https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14625_9ffa0ee280b054079d81c6b52776cb31.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267515120070301DEVELOPMENT OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS OF AVOCADO AND CASIMIROA DURING FRUIT MATURATION891001462610.21608/ajs.2007.14626ENMagda AAbd El-MageedDepartment of Flavour and Aromatic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20060911Avocado fruits (Persea americana Mill) cv. Fuerte and white sapote (Casimiroa edulis) cv. Rotaceae cultivated in Egypt were collected at different maturity stages:green mature,commercial ripe and over ripe stages. The headspace volatiles of each maturity stage was isolated and subjected to gas chromatography- mass spectrometric analy-sis. A total of 43 components were identified in avocado aroma including; terpenes (15), esters (8), aldehydes (8), alcohols (6), ketones (2), thiazoles (l), pyridines (1), toluene and acetic acid, where as 18 compounds were, identified in casimiroa aro-ma, they contained (4) esters, (6) alcohols, (4) aldehydes, (3) terpenes and (1) ketone. Ethanol (Z)-3- hexenol and (E)-2- hexenal were the major constituents in green and ripe fruits of avocado whereas they decreased at the final stage of matu-ration. Over ripe avocado fruits had the highest content of esters (ethyl ethanoate, ethyl acetate and methyl propanoate) and terpenoides especially d-limonene and z-nerolidol. Esters and alcohols comprised more than 85% of the total concentra-tion of volatiles in casimiroa fruits during three stages of maturation. The highest content of ethyl butanoate (sweet and fruity aroma) and ethanol revealed the most prominent effect on consumer acceptability of the cosimiroa flavour attributes. It is obvious that maturation of the fruits was associ-ated with remarkable changes in the volatiles that mainly affect their flavour.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14626_dfc71e67772e48fd69258fd043dd49b3.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267515120070301UTILIZATION OF ROSEMARY AND SAGE ESSENTIAL OILS IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE QUALITY OF CAKE AS ANTIMICROBIAL DURING HANDLING AND STORAGE1011121462810.21608/ajs.2007.14628ENS SEl-GoheryFood Technology Research Institute (FTRI) Agricultural Research Center Giza EgyptHanan FAhmedFood Technology Research Institute (FTRI) Agricultural Research Center Giza EgyptHala SSayedFood Technology Research Institute (FTRI) Agricultural Research Center Giza EgyptIman MIsmailCollege of Economics and Technical Education Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20061011In this study, the essential oils of rosemary and sage were used to improve cake by two methods either addition or spraying at different concentra-tion on cup cake after 30 min. from baking. The components of essential oils were identified using Gas Chromatography (GC). These oils were eval-uated for inhibitory effect against some pathogenic bacteria especially that may contaminate cake dur-ing handling and storage periods. The effect of these oils at different levels and methods on the sensory characteristics of the produced cake was studied. The results showed that the addition of essential oil of rosemary or sage to cake formula at 1% level increased the acceptability of cakes. While when the rosemary or sage oil sprayed on the cup cake crust after 30 min. of baking at 0.06% or 0.18% level, resulted in a higher over all acceptability scores compared with the other lev-els and cake control. During the storage periods of cakes, using 1.5 % level of rosemary or 0.5% of sage oil added to the formula level resulted in a good acceptability after four and two weeks re-spectively, of storage periods. By using 0.06% concentrations of sage oil sprayed on cup cake crust after 30 min. of baking, the cake had accept-ed during the four weeks of storage periods. Mold growth appeared after 19 and 28 days due to addi-tion of 1% either rosemary or sage oils to the cake formula Meanwhile, the essential oils sprayed at level of 0.12 % of both, the mold appeared after 29 and 33 days for rosemary and sage respective-ly. Also by using the essential oils of rosemary or sage as spray on cake layers, most of bacterial strains and mold-yeast were not detected during the storage periods of cake at room temperature (25 – 30oC). The inhibition of growth of Salmonel-la and E-Coli was noted at 30 μl /disk of rosemary oil and 40 μl /disk for inhibition growth of Bacil-lus Cereus. While the inhibition growth of Salmo-nella, Staph aureus and E-Coli were observed at 40μl /disk of sage oil and at 50 μl/ disk for inhibi-tion growth of Bacillus Cereus.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14628_0d5ea42935ade31d69f5bd1fbbbbf91a.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267515120070301IMPROVING KEEPING QUALITY OF BUTTER BY UTILIZING MAILLARD REACTION PRODUCTS FROM HEATED WHEY1131191465010.21608/ajs.2007.14650ENMona A.M.Abd El-GawadDairying Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20061030The antioxidaitve activity of Maillard reaction products MRPs) from heated whey added to butter was investigated. The antioxidant efficiency changed with different concentrations of MRPs used during storage period at 45ºC. Peroxide val-ue, thiobarbituric acid, acid value, carbonyl com-pounds and free fatty acids of butter were in-creased with storage. Their rate of increase de-creased with increasing the added amount of MRPs to butter.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14650_1de07dc5c54664958e80b59c5482daa6.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267515120070301EFFECTS OF SOWING DATE AND PINCHING ON BROCCOLI SEED PRODUCTION1231301466510.21608/ajs.2007.14665ENAAbou El-YaziedDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University,
Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptM MSolaimanDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University,
Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptA MEl-GizawyDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University,
Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptH.G MAbd El-GawadDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University,
Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20060402A field experiment was conducted at the exper-imental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra Elkheima, Kalubia governorate, during 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 seasons to study the effects of three sowing dates, i.e., the first of each of September, October and November, and four pinching treatments (pinching the apical head just after appearance, pinching the main head at the marketable stage, pinching the axillary head just after appearance (disbudding) and without pinching) on broccoli plants (Brassica olerasea var Italica), cultivar “Emperor”. Plants were grown in Kaliobia under loamy soil conditions. Plants of the second sowing date (first of October) produced the tallest plants and the highest number of leaves per plant. Plants grown on the first of October plantation, pinching the main head at the marketable stage or the com-bination between them recorded the highest values of number of siliques/ plant, number of seeds/ plant, and seed yield.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14665_56086e0229b76cf026b98dcd84342539.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267515120070301EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTIGATION LEVELS AND CHELATED CAL-CIUM FOLIAR APPLICATION ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SWEET CORN1311391468110.21608/ajs.2007.14681ENAAbou El-YaziedHorticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptM ERagabHorticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptRawia EIbrahimPostharvest and Handling of Vegetable Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agri-cultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptS MAbou El-WafaPostharvest and Handling of Vegetable Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agri-cultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20060402This study was conducted in a sandy soil at Ali Mubarak Village Research Farm, South Tahrir Horticulture Research Station, Behaira Gover-norate, during the two successive seasons of 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 on sweet corn Jubilee hybrid. The study aimed to determine the best treatments of nitrogen fertigation level and chelat-ed calcium foliar application on the productivity and quality of sweet corn. The obtained results indicated that increasing nitrogen fertigation level (100, 120, 140 to 160) kg N/fed. and (or) chelated calcium (12% Ca++) concentration (500 and 1000 ppm Ca EDTA) led to increasing the vegetative growth (leaf area, plant height, fresh and dry weight), chemical composition (total chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium in leaves) and yield characters (ear length, ear diame-ter, weight of 1000 seed, unhusked ear, husked ear and total yield) The promising treatment was 160 kg N/Fed. combined with 1000 ppm Ca EDTA under similar prevailing conditions of the present studying in a sandy soilhttps://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14681_c7fd52ed46820fc83d0fb822f071e25c.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267515120070301EFFECT OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) AND PLANTING METHODS ON SWEET CORN PRODUCTIVITYEFFECT OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) AND PLANTING METHODS ON SWEET CORN PRODUCTIVITY1411551469610.21608/ajs.2007.14696ENAAbou El-YaziedHorticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptI IEl-OkshHorticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptRawia, E.IEl-BassiounyPhostharvest and Handling of Vegetable Department, Horticultural Research Institute, Agricul-tural Research Center, Giza, EgyptManal MAttiaPhostharvest and Handling of Vegetable Department, Horticultural Research Institute, Agricul-tural Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20060516This study was conducted in loamy soil at Qaha Experimental Station, Horticulture Research Institute, ARC, Kalubia governorate, during 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 seasons to study the effect of PEG and planting methods on sweet corn productivity. The obtained results indicated that GSS 9377 F1 hybrid plants produced vigorous growth and higher early and total yield than those of Endeavor F1 hybrid. Direct seeding in the open field or under tunnels increased plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves/plant, plant fresh weight, unhusked ear weight, husked ear weight and total yield compared to transplanting methods. Transplanting produced the higher early yield ei-ther with open field or under tunnels. Primed seeds of sweet corn F1 hybrids (GSS 9377 and Endeavor) in PEG 6000 dalton for 6 hours at the concentration of 400 g/L produced taller plants with thicker stem diameter, higher number of leaves/plant and greater fresh weight, higher un-husked and husked ear weight, ear length, higher TSS as well as early and total yield compared to check untreated seedshttps://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14696_6204dfba561d1e580d476996100bfea4.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267515120070301COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOME WEED CONTROL TREATMENTS ON DIFFERENT WEEDS GROWN IN ANNA APPLE ORCHARDS1571661478210.21608/ajs.2007.14782ENI MEl-MetwallyBotany Department, National Research Center, Dokki Giza EgyptOmaima MHafezPomology Research Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20061106This study was carried out during two succes-sive seasons 2005 and 2006 on Anna apple trees budded on Balady apple rootstock, grown in sandy soil at (4 x 4m) apart under drip irrigation system, in a private farm at El-Khatatba, Monofia Gover-norate. A comparative study of some weed control treatments have been studied on Anna apple trees with its associated weeds. The tested weed control methods were using different colours of polyeth-ylene for mulching (green, blue, red, black and transparent), rice straw mulch, hand hoeing twice and two herbicides (Glyfosinate and Glyphosate) comparing with unweeded (control). All weed control treatments revented a significant reduction in fresh and dry weight of annual broad-leaved weeds, annual grasses, perennial and total weeds as compared with un weeded. The most effective treatments in decreasing fresh and dry weight of annual broad-leaves weeds were rice straw mulch-ing, followed by black polyethylene mulch and Glyfosinate. While, rice straw, black polyethylene and Glyphosate treatments were the most effective in decreasing fresh and dry weight of grass and total weeds. Also, the highest decrement in fresh and dry weight of perennial weeds were obtained by rice straw mulching and Glyphosate treatments. Moreover, results showed a remarkable improve-ment in growth, nutritional status of apple trees and yield (kg/tree). Also, physical and chemical properties of the fruits were improved. The most pronounced treatment developed under such study on the growth reduction of different grown weeds, meanwhile increased the apple tree growth, fruit yield associated with higher fruit quality was in rice straw mulching, black polyethylene mulching, Glyphosate treatments followed by hand hoeing twice treatment.<br />Finally, it could be concluded that soil mulch-ing with rice straw can be used as a method for weed control in apple orchards. This method de-veloped such advantages over herbicides, polyeth-ylene mulch and hand hoeing in this concern. The possibility of using rice straw mulch for their many positive effects such as low coasts, in har-mony with ecosystem without no harmful residual effect especially for exported fruits and for pro-ducing safe fruits for human nutrition. In addi-tions, soil mulch with rice straw improving growth, leaves mineral contents as well as pro-duced higher yield and better quality of apple fruits.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14782_5ea9fd11dd93e49c6c27e9a65afa90ea.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267515120070301EFFECT OF ETHYL SALICYLIC ACID VAPOUR ON SPROUTING AND ROTS INCIDENCE OF POTATO TUBERS UNDER LONG-TERM STORAGE(a)1691761478310.21608/ajs.2007.14783ENMostafa HMLaboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptE. A. MGadoLaboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20061017The effect of exposing of potato tubers cv. Di-amond to ethyl salicylic acid (ES) vapour for dif-ferent doses and different periods of exposing on rots incidence and sprouting of tubers under long term storage was studied. Expose of tubers to high doses of vapour (resulted from evaporation of 0.5 or 1 ml/ liter space) for 6 h led to appear a very strong harmful effect on exposed tubers stored for 4 months. All tubers were decayed, collapsed and severely infected by rot pathogens. Expose of tu-bers to middle dose (0.25 ml/liter space) for 6, 12, 24, or 48 h then stored for 4 months at ambient temperature showed variable effects. Six or 12 h exposing led to slight reduction of rot incidence but it had not effect on sprouting in comparison to non-exposed tubers. On the other hand, exposing, for 24 or 48 h suppressed sprouting completely and reduced to very great extent rots incidence (%). Storage of tubers exposed to 0.25 ml/ liter for 24 h at high relative humidity (~90%) or under cooling (6-8 Cْ ) did not cause any reduction in compound efficiency. Expose of tubers to low dose of ES vapour (0.125 ml/ liter space) for dif-ferent periods showed that exposing for 6 or 12 h led to stimulatory effect on sprouting without ef-fect on rots incidence. Twenty four hours exposing led to decrease rots incidence and sprouting.<br />These results clearly indicated that ES vapour had variable effects on exposed tubers depend upon dose and period of exposing.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14783_308a6f96fa806e23930a553001942fbd.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267515120070301INDUCTION OF RESIISTANCE IN TOMATO PLANTS AGAINST ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE BY SOME CHEMICAL AND PLANTS EXTRACTS(a)1771841478510.21608/ajs.2007.14785ENMostafa HMLaboratory Molecular Plant Pathology, Department Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptE A.MGadoLaboratory Molecular Plant Pathology, Department Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptM MYoussefLaboratory Molecular Plant Pathology, Department Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20061016Different agents were tested as inducing re-sistance factors in tomato plants against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. These agents include ethyl salicylic acid, (0.125 ml/l) jassmonic acid (0.125 ml/L) sincocin solution, (0.1%) agrispon solution (0.1%) water extract of mango malformed inflorescence (7.5%), coconut milk solution (2%) as root dipping during transplanting and spraying after one month from transplanting. Data obtained clearly indicated that sincocin solu-tion, extract of mango malformed inflorescence, agrispon solution and jassmonic acid led to a great reduction in disease severity, number of galls/ root, number of females/ root and number of egg masses/ root, followed by ethyl salicylic acid and coconut milk descending order. All tested agents did not affect juvenile's viability except mango malformed inflorescence extract and coco-nut milk solution which led to slight effect on juvenile viability. All tested agents increased plant growth in the presence of nematode inocula in comparison to untreated plants. In this respect coconut milk solution had the superior effect. Data indicated that the tested agents induced resistance in treated plant and the mechanisms of their mode of action needs further studies.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14785_0bb5be96cf086f25f527730796e76b55.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267515120070301APPLICATION OF VOLATILE FRACTIONS FROM AGERATUM HOUSTONIANUM AND TAGETES ERECTA AS SAFE MANAGEMENT OF SOME ROOT PHYTOPATOGENIC FUNGI1851931479810.21608/ajs.2007.14798ENK M. ARamadanDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptM KAliDepartment of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptR EEl-GobashyDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptP EGeorghiouDepartment of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, CanadaN AAliDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptE AZaherDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20061001Ageratum houstonianum Mill and Tagetes erecta L. (Asteraceae) were subjected to hydrodis-tillation as well as the stepwise extraction with organic solvents. Crude extracts and the hydrodis-tilled essential oils (E.O) were bioevaluated against two phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophthora megasperma in vitro. The volatile fraction from both plants showed a good antifungal activity towards the tested fungi, EC50s were 91 and 1369 ppm for R. solani and 84 and 1571 ppm for P. megasperma with Ageratum essential oil (E.O) and Tagetes E.O, respectively. But generally; Ageratum E.O was found to be more effective in reducing mycelium growth of R. solani and P. megasperma (EC50 = 91 and 84 ppm respectively) than Tagetes E.O. Chemical compo-sition of Tagetes E.O and Ageratum E.O; fractions F1 (solid) and F2 (liquid) fractions were investi-gated by GC-MS analysis. Interestingly, heterocy-clic benzopyrane compound (Precocene II) was only component which has been detected in Ager-atum E.O fraction F1. Precocene II seems to be the fungitoxic active components in Ageratum E.O and its fractions. However, monoterpenic hydro-carbons were correlated with the fungitoxic effect of Tagetes E.O. In the green house experiments, Tagetes E.O and Ageratum E.O fraction F1 showed a clear selectivity towards tested patho-gens; Rhizoctonia solanii and Phytophthora megasperma. Ageratum E.O; fractions F1 was found to be much more fungitoxic activity than Tagetes E.O. Tagetes E.O and Ageratum E.O frac-tions F1 were controlled the 90.91% of Root-Rot disease in bean caused by Phytophthora megasperma, while the percentage of disease con-trol was only 36.36% for Rhizoctonia solani.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14798_59e27d111a40774064d916681c36f457.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267515120070301EFFECT OF PHOSPHATE ROCK AND TRIPLESUPERPHOSPHATE ON GROWTH AND LEAF N, P AND K CONTENTS OF GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.) GROWN ON A CLAY SOIL1972021480410.21608/ajs.2007.14804ENM AElsheikhLaboratory of Environmental Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, JapanA M.AEl-TilibDepartment of Soil and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, SudanE A. EElsheikhDepartment of Soil and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, Sudan.A H. AwadElkarimDepartment of Soil and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, Sudan.Journal Article20060502A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the agricultural value of a local phosphate rock (PR) as a source of plant phosphorus compared with that of the currently imported triplesuper-phosphate (TSP) .The PR was applied at the rate of 0, 55, and 110 kg P2O5 /ha and the TSP was at the rate of 0, 45 and 90 kg P2O5 /ha. The growth and leaf contents of N, P and K of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown on a clay soil were measured. The experiment continued for two sea-sons. Phosphatic fertilizers are of low recovery; therefore, they can remain for the next crop. Thus, the pots of the first season were set to study the residual effect of phosphorus in the second season. The results indicated that PR and TSP significant-ly (P>0.05) increased dry weights of shoot and root, leaf contents of N , P and available soil phosphorus. However, plant height was signifi-cantly increased by TSP only. The leaf content of K was neither affected by PR nor TSP application. The results showed a positive effect of the residual PR and TSP on the measured parameters. Moreo-ver, the results revealed that the plant measure-ments obtained from PR treatments were compa-rable to those obtained from TSP treatments which indicate that PR can be used as a potential source of phosphorus fertilizer.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14804_747afafe1e34dd44fadc4377ed3be98e.pdfAin Shams University, Faculty of AgricultureArab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences1110-267515120070301RESPONSE OF RUTA GRAVEOLENS L. TO ROCK PHOSPHATE AND /OR FELDSPAR UNDER BIOLOGICAL FERTILIZERS20320131480710.21608/ajs.2007.14807ENKhalid AKhalidCultivation and Production of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Dept., National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, EgyptSoheir EEL-SherbenyCultivation and Production of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Dept., National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, EgyptA MShafeiSoils & Water Use Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20061101Two experiments were consummated at the Experimental Farm, National Research Center (NRC), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt during two succes-sive seasons of 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 to eval-uate the effect of natural products as a source of some important elements such as rock phosphate as a source of phosphorous and feldspar mica as a source of potassium with biological potassium phosphorous fertilizer or biological potassium fertilizer (Silicate bacterium) at different levels (0.0, 25, 50 and 100 g/L) on Ruta graveolens L. plant instead of the chemical fertilizes. Adding biological fertilizer with feldspar or rock phos-phate improved vegetative growth characters such as plant height (cm), branches number/ plant, fresh and dry weights of different plant parts i.e. leaves, stems and roots (g/plant), in addition to some chemical constituents as essential oil, total flavo-noides, P, K, Fe, Zn and Cu content. On the other hand, the main constituents of essential oil and N content were decreased compared with adding recommended chemical fertilizers.https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14807_95b5e200fb3c87a4cde6d0fcf1588ee1.pdf