2024-03-28T20:55:56Z
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=2889
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
EFFICACY OF SOIL SOLARIZATION AND DAZOMIT (98%) IN CONTROL OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE ON CUCUMBER UNDER THE OPEN FARMING CONDITIONS OF DEIR EZZOR, SYRIA
Theimmediate and long term evaluating trails based on efficacy of soil solarization process and the pesticide Dazomit (98%) was worked out to control theroot-knot nematode on cucumber. The temperature rised significantly (4.0, 12.2, 13.3, 20.9)C° at the soil depths of (5,10,15,20) cm, respectively; when soil was covered with transparet plastic in July compared to nonsolarized soil (control). The results showed insignificant differences for the treatments combinations of soil solarization and the differences rates of Dazomit (98%) and the soil solarization alone in its ability in reducing numbers of theroot-knot nematode after one month of soil solarization and the treating with Dazomit (98%) reaching an efficacy ranged between 94-100% at the soil depth of 0-30cm. The results also indicated superior significancy of these treatments in preventing reforming the disease- causing aggregates of these nematode during the second season, with growth rates ranged between (2-5.8)% compared to(45-48.9)% at the end of first season, and the incidence was reduced with rates (96-98) % and the severity of infection rate (73-87)% at the end of season compared to (100)% in control treatment and indicated a high economic return (405%) for the solarization treatment alone compared to 5,18 and 83% in the three treatment combinations, respectively.
Soil solarization
Dazomit (98%)
root-knot nematode
Cucumber
2009
03
01
3
15
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14542_ea3a834bc517433d5f6aeb50307b0eb3.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
NUMERICAL TAXONOMY STUDY ON SPECIES OF CLEOMACEAE IN EGYPT
Al-Dakheel,
. Almhiemd
Alnajm
A.
ABSTRACT
A data matrix comprising 100 characters of morphology, anatomy and seed protein banding recorded comparatively for ten species of Cleome and Gynandropsis (Cleomaceae) was analyzed under three fundamentally different numerical methods. The PRIMER analysis used the Bray Curtis (SØrensen) distance measure together with the single linkage clustering methods. The SPSS program used Ward’sclustering as a distance measure and the average linkage clustering method distance or complete linkage distance. All three dendrograms agree in grouping the ten species into two major groups: A (including C. droserifolia and C.chrysantha) and B (including C. amblyocarpa, C. paradoxa, C. arabica, C. viscosa C. brachycarpa, C. scaposa, C. hanburyana and Gynandropsis gynandra).This indicates that Gynandropsis gynandra ought to be submerged in Cleome as Cleome gynandra
Morphology
anatomy
Seed protein banding
Numerical taxonomy of Cleomaceae
2009
03
01
19
30
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14544_616a034d0369a7bfc0810dd26114ac2c.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
FACTORS AFFECTING THE (PRODUCTION OF EXTRACELLULAR NEUTRAL PROTEASE) BY STREPTOMYCES MICROFLAVUS
Saadia,
M. Hassanein
Hala
M. Rifaat
Osama
Hamed El-Said
Souad
A. Saleh
Manal
S. M. Selim
In order to produce neutral protease from Streptomyces microflavus, it was cultivated in basal medium containing soluble starch, potassium nitrate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulphate, sodium chloride, calcium carbonate and ferrous sulphate. Protease production increased with decreasing the ratio of culture broth to vessel volume 1:5 and shaking at 150 rpm. Protease production was low when pH was < 5 or > 9. The productivity of protease decreased sharply when the incubation temperature increased from 30 to 450C. The maximum yield of protease was obtained at the third day of incubation. Soluble starch and yeast extract were the best carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Supplementation with calcium carbonate enhanced protease production. In addition, the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate was the best phosphorous source. Para chloromercuribenzoic acid and phenyl methylsulfonylfloride had significant inhibitory effect on protease production.
Streptomycetes microflavus
Cultivation
production
Protease enzyme
2009
03
01
33
41
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14547_0180ce509f70ebdf7a661ea4fb6c169d.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
PROTOPLAST FUSION IN PENICILLIUM FUNICULOSUM MUTANTS FOR ENHANCING DEXTRANASE PRODUCTION
ABSTRACT
Two induced mutant strains, obtained from the fungus Penicillium funiculosum after UV treatments, were used for protoplast fusion. These mutants (12 and 18) were selected according to their dextranase activity and stability. Seven fusants having dextranase over-yield than their parental strain were obtained. The best dextranase producing fusant (No. 2) was selected for further studies. Dextranase was purified from cell-free culture of fusant 2 by consecutive column chromatography using Q-sepharose FF, Superose 12 prep. grade 60/600 and Mono Q-FPLC. The purification was estimated by SDS-PAGE as well as isoelectric focusing. Four dextranase components (I, II, III and IV) were separated with an estimated molecular weights of 67 kDa. The pI of the all components were found to be around 3.0 as estimated by gel electrophoresis using both broad and low pI calibration protein kits. The dxetranase components showed pH and optimum temperature of 5 and 55oC, respectively. Dextran was the sole carbon source for dextranase production by the dextranase components. The effect of the dextranase components on different types of dextrans were also studied.
Dextranase
Penicillium funiculosum
protoplast fusion
Purification
2009
03
01
43
54
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14551_6ba4bc3c24c2e404828e8e9c83089a03.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF METHANOL AND PINK PIGMENTED FACULTATIVE METHELOTROPHIC BACTERIA ON COTTON PLANT
A pot experiment was carried out in summer season of 2006 to evaluate the different concentrations effect of foliar application of methanol and pink pigmented facultative methelotrophic bacteria (PPFM) on some growth parameters and yield of cotton plant. Data showed that, the highest growth rate value was obtained with PPFM isolates from wheat with 1% methanol. The growth rate of PPFM isolates decreased with increasing the methanol concentration. Foliar applications with 20% methanol with PPFM 3 or 4 spraying times gave the significantly highest values of cotton growth and yield parameters. Such two potent treatments increased leaf area index (LAI) by 51.4 and 55.8 %; number of fruiting branches / plant by 53.1 and 58.0 %; number of total bolls / plant by 38.1 and 43.0 %; seed cotton weight / boll by 37.1 and 48.2 % and seed cotton yield / plant by 46.1 and 50.8, respectively than the control.
Cotton
Methanol
Pink Pigmented Facultative Methelotrophic Bacteria (PPFM)
foliar application
Growth
yield
2008
09
26
63
75
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14790_23f4d58586b05689f3e93cb1216ae8b8.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
RESPONSE OF TWO SOYBEAN CULTIVARS AND THE ASSOCIATED WEEDS TO SOME AGRONOMIC FACTORS UNDER NEWLY RECLAIMED SOIL
Individual and integrated effects of three weed control treatments H [weedy control (H1); Butralin (H2) and manual twice hoeing (H3)] , three hill spacing , D [10 (D1), 15 (D2) and 20 cm (D3)] and two soybean varieties, V [ Giza 111 (V1) and Giza 21 (V2)] on dry matter (DM) of associated weeds, growth traits and parameters, nutrients uptake and seed yield, were the intended aim of the present study. To achieve this aim, split- split plot arrangement was used, where tested variables; H, D and V were allocated in main-, sub- and sub-sub plot, respectively, at newly reclaimed soil of the experimental farm "Demo" of Fac. Agric., Fayoum Univ., during 2006 and 2007 summer seasons. The obtained results could be summarized as follows:
Dry weight of weeds were deppressed by twice manual hoeing, dense planting, chemical control and the interaction of H2D2V2 in the first sample and H3 V1 in the second sample.Maximum values of soybean height, number of branches, LA and LAI were obtained by H2 or H3 depending on the sample as well as the studied variety.
Soybean density had a significant effect on plant growth (height, DM and LA). In addition CGR and NAR as well as N, P, and K were affected by H3 and H2. Several dual and triointeractions significantly affected the growth traits.
Manual hoeing, H3 (1490 kg/fed) out yielded Butralin treatment, H2 (1000kg/fed) and both surpassed the weedy control one, H1 (530 kg/fed). Closest spacing, D1 (1080 kg) followed by intermediate one, D2 (1060 kg) produced markedly by higher seed yield/fed that of the widest spacing (890 kg). V2 (1080kg) out yielded V1 (940 kg/fed). H3 D1 (1840), D2 V2 (1500) and H3D2 (1260) as well as H3D1V2 (1890 kg/fed) were the most effective interactions on soybean yield.
The obtained results revealed that, in such newly reclaimed land, the maximum yield with improved quality of soybean could be obtained from Giza 21 planted in closed spacing (10cm) and treated with manual hoeing twice.
varieties
plant density
weed control
growth parameters
yield
2009
03
01
65
80
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14796_8a30fe2da3ef6448b0051dbad3eb47c6.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
PRODUCTIVITY AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF NATURAL VEGETATION AT WADI-WATEER REGION IN SINAI
The present study was carried out in 2004/ 2005 – 2005/2006 seasons to make survey of plant vegetation at Wadi Wateer (East southern of Sinai) (a bout 100 km length) at 9 successive sites. The study was carried through two years (two wet and dry seasons) to evaluate the vegetation structure throughout 20 chart quadrates (2 m x 2 m) at each site. The results showed that most of the pasture measurements such as plant density (plants / 4 m2), coverage %, frequency %, abundance % and fresh, and dry yields (ton/fad.) reached its maximum values during the wet seasons. Sites 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 were more suitable for growth of the plant associations than other sites under studies. Many plant species such as Astragalus spinsous, Medicago laciniata, Artemisia Judica, Artemisia monosperma, Legum spartum, Haloxylon salicornicum, Calotropis procera, Lycium shawii and Paronychia sinaica were capable to grow under the aridity conditions at Wadi Wateer area.
Wadi wateer
aridity
Plant associations
Natural vegetation
Pasture measurements
2009
03
01
81
94
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14799_867cd6a6056b4c1cfea4c24d2a33d048.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
MULTIVARITE 0F RELATING YIELD COMPONENTS IN A SET OF CORN GENOTYPES
Zienab
Nassar, M.
This work was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Nasser's Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in Lahej Governorate, Yemen, during three seasons 2003, 2004 and 2005. Five statistical procedures of relating yield components to yield; i.e., simple correlation coefficient, the path coefficient analysis, the stepwise regression, the multiple regressions and factor analysis were applied to seven yield contributing characters to determine their functional relationships to yield. Sixteen Maize genotypes were used in this study. Simple correlation coefficient revealed that, number of leaves/plant, ear height, ear length, number of rows/ear, number of kernels/row, 1000-kernel weight and shelling% had the greatest influence on grain yield/h. According to path analysis, weight of 1000-kernel had the greatest direct effect (22.23%) towards grain yield/h. While, number of kernels/row (9.33%) and ear length (9.32%) had the highest indirect effect to grain yield. Multiple linear regressions indicated that the variables which had the highest partial coefficient of determination in seed yield/h, were ear height, ear length, number of rows/ear and 1000-kernel weight (R2 = 43%, 22%, 9% and 12%, respectively). The stepwise regression shows that, 1000-kernel weight, number of kernels/row, number of rows/ear and shelling% were accepted variables which had the highest coefficients of determination with seed yield (88.9%). The factor analysis grouped 7 yield contributing characters in two factors, which altogether were responsible for 70.42% of the total variability in the dependence structure.
correlation
path coefficient
multiple regressions
Stepwise regressions and factor analysis
2009
03
01
95
102
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14801_20d4b7f3733638012ea93244ec670e6a.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
PRODUCTION OF LOW CALORIC DEHYDRATED VEGETABLE MIXTURES
S.A.S
. Mehasen
M.A
Ahmed
A.A
. Nuaman
El-Behairy
A.
Zaki
Lashine
Ahmed
H.
Hot flow air currents were used in sheld dryers to dehydrate some vegetables (squash, peas, green beans, potatoes, yellow carrot, tomatoes, onion, green pepper, yellow pepper, red pepper, cauliflower and eggplant) which were used to prepare 8 recipes of dehydrated vegetable mixture (vegi-mix). Sensory evaluation indicated that, 4 recipes of vegi-mix's recorded the highest scores of sensory evaluation and considered the prefer recipes and stored at ambient temperature up to 3 months during which, the physicochemical composition, the antioxidants and microbiological examination were assessed. Results revealed that the recipe composed of yellow, green and red paper, cauliflower and eggplant to prepare the vegi-mix caused to increase of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and total carotenoids content. The moisture contents were in the range of (8.62-9.78%); ether extract (10.23-16.76%); total carbohydrate (51.6-53.6%); crude fiber (9.62-10.61%) and total calories (340.43-375.36 kcal/100g dry weight basis respectively) for the selected 4 recipes. On the other hand, the tested vegi-mix's being also as a good source of fibers, minerals and antioxidants. Changes in moisture, crude fibers, total solids, total carbohydrate, chlorophyll a and b and total carotenoids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds as well as total bacterial counts, yeast and mould counts, sporeforming bacterial counts content were also studied during 3 months of storage at ambient temperature. A little decremental was observed in total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids content through 3 months of storage for the tested vegi-mix's. Results also showed that all tested vegi-mix's. were microbiologically safe up to 3 months of storage and maintained original sensory properties. Therfore, dehydrated vegi-mix's composed of squash, peas, green beans, potatoes, carrot, tomatoes, onion, green, red and yellow pepper, cauliflower and eggplant without herbs considered as a good source of antioxidants, minerals, high nutritional value, good palatability and healthy safe through three months of storage at ambient temperature.
: Vegetable mixtures
Low calorie
Antioxidant Compounds
Nutritional Value
2009
03
01
105
118
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14805_3e1c54a3a843fcefaa5129e54a70f76f.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
INCORPORATION OF BARLEY WHOLE MEAL IN SOME DAIRY AND FOOD PRODUCTS
The effect of incorporation of barley whole meal (BWM) whether in ice milk (IM) as skim milk powder (SMP) substitute, in tomato soup (ST) as modified starch substitute and in Egyptian kishk (EK) as wheat flour substitute on their properties was studied. The obtained results reveal that, the substitution with BWM was associated with increases in the fiber, β-glucan, K and Mg contents in all products studied. Whereas, the protein and ash contents increased in ST samples. The freezing point of IM mixes heightened and the specific gravity lowered by BWM addition instead of SMP. In spite of the stabilizer (CMC) level, the overrun % decreased by substitution of SMP with BWM but the melting resistance increased. Rheologically, the 50% replacement SMP with BWM achieved remarkable increase in the rheological response of IM samples especially in the presence of 0.1% CMC. At the same time, the replacing of modified starch by 200% of BWM in ST samples resulted in increasing the shear stress value and led to a mix behavior of thixotropy and rheopectic in ST samples. Although the partial or fully replacement of wheat flour with BWM led to reduction in the thixotropy area in EK samples. Organoleptically, IM and EK with 50% BWM and ST with 200% BWM substituted gained the highest sensory scores especially in the absence of CMC in IM samples.
Barley
ice milk
soup
Kishk
Functional properties
β-glucan
2009
03
01
119
133
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14809_18bbcadf8de88a8390923d13c245867b.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY LEVELS ON GROWTH, CHEM-ICAL COMPOSITION AND YIELD OF SOME NEW SWEET POTATO CULTI-VARS WHICH THEIR SOURCE IS TRUE SEEDS
Two pot experiments were carried out during the summer seasons of 2006 and 2007 to investigate the effect of irrigation with diluted saline water; i.e., 10, 30 and 50% in addition to Tap water as a control on growth, chemical composition, yield and tuber quality of three new sweet potato cultivars (Minufiya 6/96, Minufiya 2/96 and Minufiya 171/96) as well as the local cultivar (Mabrouka). The obtained results revealed that, saline water at 10 and 30% levels stimulated growth of sweet potato plants represented by plant height, number of leaves and branches, dry weight of shoots as well as the contents of photosynthetic pigments, proline, total carbohydrates, N, P, K+ and Ca++ in sweet potato leaves were also increased. Moreover, total water content (TWC), bound water (BW), bound / free water ratio (BW/FW) and relative water content (RWC) increased under these conditions. All these parameters decreased at the level of 50% salinity. Yield and its quality significantly increased at saline water at 10% level. Also, chemical composition of tuber roots; i.e., total carbohydrates, soluble sugars, carotene, starch and dry matter contents were enhanced under these conditions. All previous parameters decreased with increasing saline water up to 50%. Saline water levels increased Na+ content in the leaves. As for the tested cultivars, generally Minufiya 6/96 had the best growth and yield, was more stable in the chemical components and its roots had the highest nutrients value under the control and salt stress conditions, followed by Minufiya 2/96 then Minufiya 171/96. The tuber roots yield of Mabrouka cultivar was completely depressed at 30 and 50% salinity levels. As for interaction between cultivars and salinity levels. The highest level of salinity (50%) lead to a significant decrease in all growth parameters, RWC, TWC, bound water (BW), bound water / free water (BW/FW), chemical composition, yield and its quality in all new tested cultivars. While, Mabrouka cultivar showed a significant decrease in these parameters under the all salinity levels. Accordingly, Minufiya 6/96 was the highest tolerant to the tested salinity stress, followed by Minufiya 2/96 and Minufiya 171/96. On the other hand, Mabrouka cultivar sensitive to salinity.
New sweet potato cultivars
salinity
Growth
yield and its quality
2009
03
01
137
150
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14834_dd2ffe91a505040d1f3a1f171044d582.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
UTILIZATION OF CAROB PODS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE TO COCOA POWDER
Roasting process of carob pods at various temperatures for different times was carried out to study the effect of its process on the chemical constituents, minerals content, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Volatile compounds were also determined for roasted carob powders. The obtained results revealed that the protein content was 5.42% (on dry weight basis), which decreased with increasing the processing temperatures. Whereas, ash increased gradually by increasing the roasted temperatures but lipids was decreased. The predominant mineral in carob powders was calcium followed by sodium, potassium and magnesium, respectively whereas; the raw carob pods contain 21.07mg/g of total phenolic compounds. Roasting treatment caused to the degradation of phenolic compounds which increased with increasing the roasting temperatures. The antioxidant activity of the carob powders was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) as free radical scavenging. However, the activity of antioxidant was decreased owing to the roasting process. On the other hand, sensory characteristics for both hot drinks and prepared cakes showed greater preference, especially for samples contained roasted carob powders at 160˚C for 30 min. and/or 40min. compared with that in tested samples and control. Seven aroma compounds were positively identified by using GC–mass spectrometry. The major aroma compounds of carob powders were 3-methyl butanal and methyl propanal which was found in chocolate and it's responsible for chocolate flavor. Moreover, other volatile compounds were identified in roasted carob powders and which also found in dark chocolate such as 2-Heptanone, Pentan-2-ol and Linalool. Also, Nonane-2-one and Hexanal were found and identified in roasted carob powders.
carob
powder
Roasted
cocoa
Antioxidant activity
volatile compounds
2009
03
01
151
159
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14839_17380bb4128344de47e33c02d88b5dda.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
EFFICACY OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENTS FOR CONTROLLING SOIL-BORNE PATHOGENS OF SOYBEAN
Ahmed Awad
Altalb
Several soil-borne fungal pathogens attack soybean plants, causing seedling damping-off and root rot diseases, in Egypt. Isolation trials from rooted rots of soybean, collected from various locations at Gharbiya, Kafr El-Sheikh and Minufiya governorates, revealed that Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina were the most virulent and predominant pathogens. All the tested fungicides significantly reduced linear growth of the tested pathogens. Three known bioagents i.e. Trichoderma harzianum, T. hamatum and Bacillus subtilis were tested against such pathogens, and revealed remarkable effect in reducing mycelial growth on PDA medium. T. hamatum, mainly, grew over the mycelium of the tested pathogens. Under greenhouse conditions, both the fungicides and antagonists gave significant reductions of root rot severity, but fungicides were more effective than biocontrol agents in reducing the disease. Application of the selective antagonists and fungicides significantly decreased soybean root rot than untreated check, in naturally pathogen- infested fields. Plant growth and activity of nitrogenase enzyme were enhanced greatly, when the fungicides were applied compared with antagonists treatments.
Soybean
Root rot
Biocontrol
fungicides
Nitrogenase enzymes
2009
03
01
163
173
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14844_0fa8bb8523a7acf7841651e0dd0a5502.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
FACTORS AFFECTING INFESTATION PATTERN OF THE RED PALM WEEVIL, RHYNCHOPHORUS FERRUGINEUS OLIV. IN DATE PALM FARMS IN QATIF, SAUDI ARABIA
Sahar
A. El-Sayed
Rania
Z. El-Shennawy
A.F
Tolba
The red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the most destructive pest of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. in Middle East particularly in ArabGulf countries. Distribution of RPW infestations in relation to some factors was studied in date palm farms in Qatif Governorate, EasternSaudi Arabia. For these studies, 80 farms containing over 11000 date-palm trees were inspected. A scale for grading the infestation severity was developed. Numerical, but not statistical differences were in infestation levels with RPW, were found among farms due to their location (desert or oasis), irrigation system (dripping or flooding), intercropping (with or without) and pruning condition (pruned or unpruned). However, too small farms (less than 100 palm trees/farm) or too large farms (over 1000 trees) were highly infested while farms of 400-800 trees/farm were the least infested. Over 42% of infestations were concentrated at or below the soil surface. Light or surface infestations formed 45% while severe or deep infestations formed 19% of total infestations. Trees of 5-10 years old were the most infested while trees over 15 years were the least infested.
Phoenix dactylifera
date palm
Rhynchphours ferrugineus
Palm weevil
Saudi Arabia
2009
03
01
177
183
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14846_975a59718d0738231b6f17a49552ffc0.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF FOUR STORED GARLIC CULTIVARS TO INFESTATION WITH CRYPTOBLABES GNIDIELLA MILLIERE
L.A.
Youssef
M.S
. Abdel-Wahaed
A.S.
Kassab
M.M.E.
Saleh
The honey dew moth Cryptoblabes gnidiella Milliere is one of the most important insect pests of stored garlic. Data revealed that, Egyptian (Baladi) cultivar was the least susceptible to attacke by this insect . After four months of storage, the infestation percentages were 21.68% for Egyptian (Balady) cultivar as compared to 32.39% for Sids 40, 44.88% for American and 70.99% for Chinese cultivar. The oil content of the four garlic cultivars were measured along four months of storage. Data showed that the four cultivars were differed significantly in this respect. The highest weight of volatile oils, 436.8 mg/100g was fined in the Egyptian cultivar whereas the Chinese cultivar had 340.6 mg/100g. The correlation coefficients “r” values showed highly significant and negative relationship between infestation percentages and volatile oils weight (mg) . The main components of the volatile oils of the tested four garlic cultivars were separated by GC- MS analysis. Nine sulfur compounds were separated and identified, the major compound was Diallyl trisulfide (i.e. 49.82, 46.23, 46.17 and 44.89%) for Egyptian, Sids 40, Chinese and American cultivars, respectively. Allyl methyl trisulfide ranged from 11.40 to 23.15%. On the other hand percentage of total soluble solids (TSS%) for the four cultivars were almost the same trend during the storage period extended for four months or slightly increased. These data indicate the importance of the type and quantity of volatile oils and its component in protection of stored garlic from infestation by C. gnidiella.
Cryptoblabes gnidiella
Honeydew moth
Garlic cultivars
Volatile oils
2009
03
01
185
192
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14851_efec2ccce2ec7a402f643ef02a277bb2.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
TENDENCY OF CERTAIN PULSE SEEDS TO CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (F.) AND CALLOSOBRUCHUS CHINENSIS (L.) INFESTATION
The seeds of six different species of common pulses were examined as hosts of two bruchid beetles, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and C. chinensis L. under controlled conditions of 30±2ºC and 65±5% R.H. Deposited eggs, Hatched eggs, numbers and weights of emerged adults and also the total developmental period from the deposited eggs to adults emergence were estimated. Results obtained indicated thatcowpea seeds were the most favorable for feeding the two tested bruchid beetles, followed by faba bean seeds, while insect infestation was not observed on common bean and soybean seeds for either bruchid species.Results also revealedthat C.maculatus deposited more eggs on all tested leguminous seeds and gave more emerged adults with heavier weights than C. chinensis.
Pulse seeds
Callosobruchus maculatus
C. chinensis
Leguminous seeds
host preference
2009
03
01
193
197
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14855_aa0d114dee3a8f282d31b8d2858f4407.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
MONITORING THE SEASONAL FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF STEM BORER MOTHS TO DETERMINE THE PROPER TIME FOR RELEASE TRICHOGRAMMA PARASITOID AT SUGARCANE FIELDS IN UPPER EGYPT
The seasonal flight activity of both sugarcane stem borer moths Sesamia cretica Led. (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) and Chilo agamemnon Bles. (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera)were monitored with Robinson light trap for two successive years 2005/2006 & 2006/ 2007 at El-Mattana Agricultural Research Station, Qena Governorate, to determine the proper time for releasing the egg-parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens West. for biological control program to the two mentioned borers without any application with chemical pesticides. The obtained results showed that, the moths of the greater sugarcane stem borer, S. cretica had a main period of seasonal activity extended from spring to early summer (April to June) and had another four small peaks of seasonal activity at sugarcane fields occurred in April, June, July, and October. The small sugarcane stem borer moth, C. agamemnon had two main periods of seasonal activity at sugarcane fields. The first period extended from spring to early summer (March to June) and the moths probably recorded two broods during this period, whereas the second period was relatively smaller and occurred during July. Results of statistical analysis showed that, the combined effect of the three main weather factors (mean of min. & max. temperatures and %R.H.) two weeks earlier were responsible on the changes in the seasonal flight activity of S. cretica moths for 51.6% and 66.7% explained variance for the 1st and 2nd year, respectively. Also, these factors were responsible on the changes in the seasonal flight activity of C. agamemnon moths for 57.7% and 44.1% explained variance for 1st and 2nd year, respectively. So, it could be recommended that, the egg-parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens releasing program must be started at mid- April for autumn and spring plantations, while for the next ratoons after two months from harvest and continued biweekly intervals to the end of June.
Sugarcane stem borer moths
Trichogiamma parasitoids
Light trap
2009
03
01
199
206
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14883_c9477c809c764fee1fc871334bb30632.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
PHYSIOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS INDUCED BY ECDYSONE AGONIST METHOXYFENOZIDE ON THE COTTON LEAFWORM, SPODOPTERA LITTORALIS (BOISD.)
E.A.
Elwan
H.E.A
Sakr
L.A
. Youssef
A.A
. Abazied
Newly ecdysed fourth instar larvae of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) were treated with LC50 of ecdysone agonist methoxyfenozide, to provide better insights into physiological symptoms and aspects induced by it as a mimic to the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-E) action. Larvae ingest methoxyfenozide died within 2-3 days, and being trapped within their excuvae. They stopped feeding shortly before ecdysis. Treatment neither accelerated ecdysis nor ceased feeding, as soon as the larvae ingest such 20-E mimic. The continuous binding of the compound to the ecdysteroid receptors of S. littoralis larvae increased the titre of enzymes regulated by 20-E during the experimental time (3 days). Chitinase and phenoloxidase were activated after 6 and 12 hr from methoxyfenozide administration, respectively. The compound had no effect on chitin production, but endocuticle chitin degradation during moulting might be depressed as illustrated by the presence of higher amount of N-acetylglucosamine in control larvae than methoxyfenozide treated. It is suggested that methoxyfenozide might induces a precocious moult by initiating moulting cycle, but its main toxic effect is due to the fact that its level remains high during moulting and don’t decrease for allowing other hormones necessary for successful moulting to be released.
Methoxyfenozide
ecdysis
Agonist
Moulting
Cotton leafowrm
Spodoptera littoralis
2009
03
01
207
215
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14884_ad69982c72b814bce51e1d602818c6f5.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BIO-PESTICIDE IN MALE ALBINO RATS
The present study is a trial to investigate the toxic effects of the bio-pesticide Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) on male reproductive system of rats. Rats received dietary doses each approximately equivalent to 1/10 or 1/100 of the LD50 value of the Bt bio-pesticide (Agerin) for 90 consecutive days. Sex organs weight, semen picture, concentrations of the hormones [i.e., testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)], and histopathological changes in testes were the criteria used to evaluate the reproductive toxicity on the treated rats. Btat the higher dose caused a significant decrease in the weight of testes and seminal vesicles as compared with control. Both Bt doses decreased sperm count associated with an increase in the morphologically abnormal spermatozoa; however sperm motility was significantly decreased in treated rats with the higher dose only. The concentration of serum testosterone was significantly reduced in both treated groups; however LH and FSH levels were significantly reduced in treated rats with the higher dose. Histopathological examination of Agerin-treated male rat's testes revealed that both Bt doses caused testicular degeneration in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, Agerin may decreases fertility in adult male rats by affecting the concentrations of pituitary gonadotrophins, testosterone and thus subsequent spermatogenic impairment
Bacillus thuringiensis
Agerin
reproductive toxicity
male rats
2009
03
01
217
225
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14886_94dac76fa36c479a845448dfa5a20c85.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
ASSESSMENT OF THE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS BEAUVERIA BASSIANA SAUDI ARABIAN ISOLATE (B - SA3) AGAINST THE DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF THE RED PALM WEEVIL, RHYNOCHOPHORUS FERRUNGINEUS (OLIV.)
The efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus Beaveria bassiana Saudi Arabian isolate (B-SA3)was evaluated against the red palm weevil, Rynochophorus ferrungineus (Oliv.).The mentioned isolate was assessed on the different developmental stages of the red palm weevil through toxicity tests, i.e. determination of lethal concentration and lethal times to kill 50% of treated insects. The results showed that 8th instar larvae were the most tolerant followed by pupa to B.bassiana as their LC50 values were 3.75x 108 and 3.78x 107 conidia/ ml, respectively. Meanwhile, 4th instar larvae were the most susceptible to infection by B.bassiana (B-SA 3), as LC50 value was 3.25x 106 conidia/ ml, which proved insignificantly different to that determined in adult weevils, i.e. 4.18x 106 conidia /ml. Furthermore, LT50 values were very similar in these latter mentioned developmental stages in any considered concentration; meanwhile, LT50 was much longer in 8th instar larvae than the other considered instar and/or developmental stages. The fungus B. bassiana was most virulent to eggs of the red palm weevil as none of the eggs hatched following their treatment with any of the considered concentrations (ranging between 5x 109 to 5x105 conidia /ml). Moreover, germination viability of harvested conidia of B.bassiana stored at -4°C was insignificantly affected up to the 10th month storage period and was well above 90%. However, germination percentage of conidia then decreased to 70.27% after 16 months of storage. Also, the virulence of the stored conidia was tested after 1, 6, 12 and 16 months on adult red palm weevils, the LC50 values were 3.75x106, 4.66x106, 4.17x107 and 3.37x108 conidia/ ml, respectively. These results show that there was a significant decrease in the virulence of the tested fungus when the duration of storage period was more than 10 months.
Beauveria bassiana
Entomopathogenic fungi
Rhynochophorus ferrungineus
Red palm weevil
B. bassiana conidia storage and viability
2009
03
01
227
237
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14887_127ccbaeb203e8133f07fe6715d56f68.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
DISAPPEARANCE OF AZOXYSTROBIN, CYPRODINIL, FLUDIOXONIL, FENHEXAMID AND MYCLOBUTANIL IN STRAWBERRY FRUITS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
A field experiment was carried out at Nubariah region Alexandria desert road located at 120 Km from Cairo, (Egypt) during 2005-2006 to study the degradation rates of five fungicides azoxystrobin, cyprodinil, fludioxonil, fenhexamid, and myclobu-tanil in strawberry fruits after application with their recommended rates under field conditions. The samples were collected in successive intervals after spraying and transported to Bioforsk refer-ence Lab, Ǻs, Norway for analysis by GC/MS. The fungicide residues on strawberry showed different degradation rates after treatment, with first-order kinetics. Half-lives (t0.5) were 1.92, 4.99, 3.68, 6.02 and 5.17 days for azoxystrobin, cyprodinil, fludioxonil, fenhexamid and myclobutanil, respectively.
2009
03
01
227
237
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
PESTICIDE PRACTICES IN SOME EGYPTIAN EXPORTATION FARMS
A.K
Sobeiha
M.I.
Abdel-Megeed
S.M.A
Dahroug
O.M
. Eklo
A.
Hanafi
Information related to pesticide practices in green beans and strawberry fields in some selected exportation farms in Egypt was obtained through questionnaire forms. Such forms were randomly distributed among different target exporters at Giza, Ismaellia, Sharkia, Behirah and Alfayoum governorates. Questionnaire outputs indicated that the percent of the rejected export by importers due to high levels of pesticide residues reached 11.11 and 7.69% in green beans and strawberry respectively. The recommended rates of the used pesticides established by the Ministry of Agriculture and/or EU guidelines were followed by 86.67 and 69.23% of these vegetables growers, respectively. Questionnaire outputs indicated that the percent of exporters who were repeating the application of all or each pesticide during the same season of green beans and strawberry reached 48.89 and 42.31%, respectively. Furthermore, 15.56 and 7.69% of growers followed the recommended Pre Harvest interval (PHI) for each pesticide used in green beans and strawberry. On the other hand, no storage period was followed by 40 and 76.92% of the exporters for green beans and strawberry, respectively. Concerning the transportation conditions data showed that 55.56 and 88.46% of the exporters used cooling trucks with green beans and strawberry, respectively.
Green Beans
strawberry
pesticide
Exportation
2009
03
01
247
252
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14889_8dfa9e0c41013fd0e0045e61b1d1de33.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
A TRIAL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NON CLASSIC FERTILIZATION PRACTICES
Abdel-Megeed
M.I
A.K
Sobeiha
S.M.A
Dahroug
A.
Hanafi
ABSTRACT
The current study was carried out to evaluate certain non-conventional techniques including the use of organic manures, either residues left from soaking cattle and chicken manures applied to the soil or spray of their extracts on the plant biomass; biofertilizers as well as natural resources of rock phosphate were also used, inorganic fertilizers being included for comparison. Such evaluation was thought to be performed through evaluating responses of soil characteristics represented by both chemical characteristics and element availability; responses of developed plants to applied treatments were thought to be not included in the present study. This study was conducted under conditions of greenhouse located in Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, AinShamsUniversity; it represents the application of results obtained from the two pot experiments previously conducted. Cucumber seedlings of 15 days old were planted after being inoculated with liquid culture of the used biofertilizers and let to be grown three months up to harvest. The studied soil samples were taken out before flowering stage of grown cucumber plants to evaluate the concerned responses of the indicated soil samples. Results showed that organic manure application practices were favorable compared to either original untreated soil or inorganic control treatments; application of the used biofertilizers added, either separately or in combinations, to manuring was favorable for most of the studied parameters, application of rock phosphate to the mentioned treatments being also favorable.
2009
03
01
255
266
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14890_5a5ddc9750075dd61002036e2e319e2d.pdf
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1110-2675
1110-2675
2009
17
1
EFFECT OF POLLUTION WITH PETROLEUM ON SOME SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND PLANT GROWTH
Heba
A.M. Abou-Zeid
A.E.
El-Leboudi
M.A.
Mostafa
E.M
. Abd- Elmoniem
U.A
El-Behairy
Petroleum products are complex mixtures of hundreds of hydrocarbon compounds. Petroleum has been recognized as a potential environmental contaminant. This research was undertaken to evaluate the effect of petroleum hydrocarbon on soil characteristics and seeds germination in arid lands. Results indicated that bulk density and real density of the polluted samples are relatively higher and lower respectively then the corresponding values of the unpolluted soils. Percent ages of the clay fraction obtained with and without removing the cementing agents showed high and low values for % clay fraction respectively. Low calcium carbonate content was found in the polluted samples as a result of solubilization effects of the petroleum products on calcium carbonate particles. ECe values were very high in the polluted samples (ECe = 28.6 - 82.5 dS/m) and very low in the unpolluted samples (ECe = 2.75 - 2.79 dS/m). Soluble calcium and sulphat ions were the dominant ions in the saturation extract of unpolluted soil samples. Organic matter contents were high (4.94%) in the polluted soil and Low in the unpolluted soil (0.54%). Soil polluted with hydrocarbon was very high (7.13-7.5%) in the unpolluted soil and very low (0.63-0.71%) in the polluted soil. Total elemental contents shows that the most important metals with regard to potential hazards in the contaminated soils, are Cr, Pb, and Ni. Other heavy metals indicated low to medium concentration either in petroleum polluted or the non polluted soils. The concentration of toxic elements in the tested soils could be derived from petroleum pollution and/or from it's chemical weathering particularly under the relatively low pH of the polluted soils. Results indicated no barley seed emergence after 14 days in the polluted soil even after several leaching to alleviate the high level of salt concentrations in the polluted soil. The data reflect the serious effects of petroleum products on the deterioration of soil characteristics which reflected on the emergence of barley seeds.
Hydrocarbon
pollution
petroleum
Environmental contaminant
Germination
2009
03
01
267
275
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14891_297894c45bc3ef1f82b18cd31646b995.pdf