ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ECONOMIC STUDY OF THE EGYPTIAN FOREIGN TRADE FOR FISH
Fish wealth in Egypt is one of the sources of national agricultural income, as well as a source of safe animal protein sources, which provides food needs internally and develops other industries beside it. Egypt enjoys vast areas of water bodies suitable for production and development of fish resources, which qualify it to be one of the largest producing countries Not only at the regional level, but also at the international level. Fisheries in Egypt occupy vast areas. These sources vary according to their nature. They include the sea, such as the Red and Mediterranean Sea, and lakes such as Manzala, The problem of research is inspite of the fact that Egypt enjoys its position on the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea and the existence of the Nile River and lakes, the quantity of fish produced does not sufficient for the needs of local consumption, which led to resorting to imports to bridge the food gap. The average quantity of imports for the same period was estimated at 280.6 thousand tons. The average exports reached about 18.69 thousand tons for the same period. This means that there is a burden on the agricultural and national balance. The objective of the study is to study the development of national consumption And individual of the name The main results were that the relative importance of the value of exported fish during the period (20002015), where the first ranked fresh and salted fish with an engineering average of about 88.4% of the total The value of exports, while in the second place was for other varieties of fish with an average engineering of about 6.7% and the rest of the species (salmon, sardine, herring, tuna and sponge) ranked from third to seventh with an average of about 4.9% The study and the relative importance of the value of imported fish during the period 2000-2015. Toward 73.1% of the total value of imports, while the second place was fish tuna with an average of about 20.9%. The rest of the species (salmon, sardine, herring, crab, shrimp, caviar, anchovy, mackerel, and other varieties) With an average of about 6% of the total value of imports during the study period.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31597_6e3a8de2eceb5cf27b52ee621e4bc545.pdf
2018-05-01
1673
1687
10.21608/ajs.2019.31597
Consumption expenditure functions
foreign trade
Trends in quality and time
Sh.K.
El-Taher
1
Agric. Economics Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.E.
Ragab M.E.
2
Agric. Economics Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.S.
Shehata
3
Agric. Economics Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ECONOMICS OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN SHARKIA GOVERNORATE
Water resources are among the most important determinants of horizontal expansion in Egyptian agriculture. Given the scarcity of these resources on the one hand and the fact that they are relatively stable over time, the widening gap between supply and demand of those resources is increasing and the population is increasing and meeting their needs from various sectors. The problem of rationalizing water consumption and preserving its quality is an urgent national endeavor. As the Egyptian agriculture consumes most of the water resources, the problem of rationalizing the use of water in agriculture has become difficult to achieve in order to achieve the objectives of horizontal agricultural expansion. In this sense, the search for the most appropriate ways to exploit water resources has to be taken into account. The study aimed to identify the method of restructuring some of the irrigation systems in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate and the most important economic and environmental impacts it has caused in the study area through water transfer and distribution systems outside and inside the field through the canal and improved channels. With the aim of working on the best use of water as a rare economic element needs to rationalize its use over time, which helps to achieve the highest possible economic return and the lowest environmental loss possible and maximize the effects of economic and envir onmental positive and minimize the negative effects in areas developed irrigation systems. It was also found that the net yield of cultivated acres of land using traditional surface irrigation amounted to about LE 5108, whereas in the land used, the surface irrigation developed was about 7258 pounds, an increase of about 2150 pounds, which is about 42.1% compared to land using traditional surface irrigation. It was found that the marginal income of the wheat crop cultivated in the land using traditional surface irrigation was about LE 3288, whereas the marginal income of the wheat Used for irrigation developer surface about 4227 pounds, an increase of about 939 pounds, with an average of about 22.2% compared Ppalarad used for traditional surface irrigation and the net yield of cultivated rice fed in land using traditional surface irrigation was about LE 2270, while the ratio of land used for developed irrigation reached LE 4948, an increase of about LE 2678 representing about 117.9% compared to land using tradetional surface irrigation. For the rice crop of the land used for conventional surface irrigation was LE 1635, while the marginal income in land used for surface irrigation was LE 2282, an increase of LE 647, or 39.6% compared to land using conventional surface irrigation. The increase in net income to average variable costs from about 71.94% for the rice crop cultivated in the land used for traditional surface irrigation was shown to be about 100.92% for the cultivated land used for advanced surface irrigation, an increase of about 29% at a rate of about 68.7 compared to land using traditional surface irrigation.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31598_1168ac47b9fee1e4c1953b3f400b4bfa.pdf
2018-05-01
1689
1699
10.21608/ajs.2018.31598
Improvement surface
Traditional surface
irrigation systems
M.M.A.
Osman
1
Ministry of Water Resources, El-Warak, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
B.E.M.,
Morsi
2
Agric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
H.E.
Sarhan
3
Agric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
H.M.
Hassan
4
Ministry of Water Resources, El-Warak, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE ECONOMIC YIELD OF RICE STRAW RECYCLING (ECONOMICS OF RECYCLING RICE STRAW IN SHARKIA GOVERNORATE)
The study aimed at maximizing the utilization of rice straw and the economic return of rice straw recycling, leading to an increase in the economic return of the farms, which in turn leads to increaseing the added value of the agricultural sector on the one hand, and preserving the environment on the other hand. Rice straw, due to the increase in plant waste year after year, and the decrease in environmental awareness among the majority of farmers. The study was conducted at the level of Sharkia governorate and through the geographical distribution of rice straw at the level of the Sharkia centers. About 10.3% of the average production of Sharkia Governorate during the study period. The study relied on the first two sources in the preliminary data obtained from the questionnaire form. The second source was the published secondary data published by the research authorities in the process of recycling agricultural waste. Eightyfive percent of the study sample had an idea of recycling. The largest source of their knowledge is the role of the agricultural association and the agricultural supervisor, and the farmers' proposals for tobacco The number of straws on the eastern level was estimated at 49.7 thousand pounds. If they were recycled, they would achieve a material return of 24 million pounds, and the amount of hay at the level of the republic was estimated at 2.91 million tons. In addition, it was found that the center of Zagazig ranked first in terms of the amount of rice straw burned in the governorate (the most needy centers are aware of the pollution of the environment, which increases the risk that it is considered the highest place Population density in Sharkia governorate.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31599_a22ff0a537adc46c40c79c35ef7a1240.pdf
2018-05-01
1071
1709
10.21608/ajs.2019.31599
Recycled rice straw
Organic fertilizer
Non-traditional fodder
Hoda G.A.
Taha
1
Agric. Economics, Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
B.E.
Morsy
2
Agric. Economics, Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Eman
Amin
3
Agric. Economics, Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
STATISTICAL ESTIMATION OF PRODUCTION AND COSTS FUNCTIONS OF SUMMER TOMATO CROP (CASE STUDY IN THE CENTER OF QUESNA - MONOFIYA GOVERNORATE)
The research aims at estimating production and economic efficiency through statistical estimation for the production and cost functions, and then to derive the economic derivatives of the production and cost functions, so that the researcher will be dealt with the research problem, namely, are the resources used in the production of summer tomatoes used efficiently or not?. The obtained findings of the research from the sample data indicate that the production is at the stage of increaseing the economics of scale. It was found that by increasing the used production inputs in the production by 1% of summer tomato, led to increases the productivity of the feddan by 8.2%, it is meaning that there is possibility to increase that productivity. The optimum size of the production obtained by equalizing the marginal costs against average cost, it was about 17.5 tons per feddan, which is lower than the average productivity in the research sample, which is about 21 tons per feddan. The maximum size of the profit, which was obtained by equalizing the marginal cost of marginal revenue, it was about 13.7 tons per feddan. It is noticed that there were several problems which faced the interviewers of the selected sample, including the lack of information and guidance on the high-yield varieties, the quantity and quality of pesticides used to control pests. The net return per feddan of tomato in the sample of the research was about 23,152 thousand Egyptian pounds and it was found that the revenue of the invested Egyptian pound was about 41 piaster. Research recommended that increasing the role of the agricultural guidance system in the delivery of technical information to guide farmers, especially in the field of rationalization of the use of pesticides and the direction of biological control, in addition to the selection of suitable hybrid seedlings to increase the productivity of the unit area and reduce the cost of production and increase net return. Provide the irrigation water, clearing of canals and sheds and removal of waste. Food production and food security are a matter of national security, Therefore, the question of re-supporting and subside farmers in providing agricultural production needs with high quality, time, price and appropriate place must be reconsidered.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31600_17f2010e80ddfc67c4486311d61f1ca4.pdf
2018-05-01
1711
1720
10.21608/ajs.2018.31600
Efficiency
The production and cost functions
Optimum rate of Output and profit maximization
M.M.H.
Mileek
1
Economic Production Dept., Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agric. Research, Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF THE PRODUCTION AND IMPORTS SITUATION FOR SOME OIL CROPS IN EGYPT
he problem of research was the low level of the local production capacity of plant oils with the increasing of Consumption requirement so the research aimed to find a way to cover the gap of oil crops. The main findings of the research are as follows - The area of oil crops decreased from about 1160 thousand feddans for the year 2001 to about 697 thousand feddans at the end of the first period by half, in addition to the continued decrease of cultivated areas of oil crops from about 718 thousand feddans in 2009 the beginning of the second period to about 470 thousand feddans in 2016 Second period of study. It was found that the area cultivated during the period (2001-2016) took a general decreasing trend and a statistical significance of about 49.33 thousand feddans annually, with a yearly average of about 5.96% of the total area of about 827 thousand feddans. - Peanuts, rice, maize and cotton are among the most important crops competing to soybeans and sunflowers in terms of the profitability of the invested Egyptian pound, which led farmers to refrain from growing soybean and sunflowers crops. The statistical estimate of the supply response function of soybeans indicates that the most important factors affecting the cultivated area in the current year depend on the net revenue in the pre vious year. The increase of one pound increases the cultivated area of the crop in the following year by about 6 feddans in the following year. It is also shown that the cultivated area in the current year of soybean crop is directly proportional to the cultivated area of the previous year. On the other hand, area under cultivation is affected by soybean revenue in the current year, in turn, by increasing the net revenue of maize crop. The increase of one pound is due to the shortage of cultivated area of soybeans in the following year by about 4 feddans in the following year. This is consistent with the economic logic. - As for the estimation of the response function of sunflower crop, it was found that the most important factors affecting the cultivated area in the current year depend on the net revenue in the previous year, increasing it by one Egyptian pound will increase the cultivated area of the crop in the following year by about one feddan. While the cultivated area with sunflower crop in the current year is adversely affected by the increase in the net revenue of maize and peanut. The increase of one pound is due to the shortage of cultivated area of the sunflower in the following year by about 7 feddan, 2 feddan in the following year respectively. The correlation between the strength of imports as a dependent variable and both the local production and size of the oil gap during the period 2001-2016 shows that there is a significant inverse relationship between the strength of imports and total domestic production. This is consistent with economic logic. Size of the gap is positive and morally significant. Size of the gap is 1,000 tons, which increases the import force by about 0.24%.An Economic study of the production and imports situation for some oil crops in Egypt Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., Special Issue, 26(2C), 2018 In the light of the obtained findings of the research, it is possible to recommend the following points: 1. Apply the contracting farming between farmers for the purchase of oily crops with the predetermined guarantee price for oil crops by the Ministry of Agriculture to cover production costs and achieve a profitable profit margin, encouraging farmers to expand the cultivation of these crops. 2. The need to increase the cultivated area of soybean and sunflowers crops in the new lands away from the competitive summer crops in the old lands. Besides intercropping these tow mentioned crops among the main crops. 3. Improve the competitiveness of soybeans and sunflowers crops with competitive crops, which can be achieved by providing producers with a high yield varieties and new hybrids.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31601_7427afe3188b98b83f6baf58a54b1961.pdf
2018-05-01
1721
1743
10.21608/ajs.2018.31601
Oil Crops
Import power
Import supply
Gehan M.
Elafify
1
Marketing Research Dept., Agricultural Economic Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ghada A.
El-Damarawy
2
Marketing Research Dept., Agricultural Economic Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE IMPACT OF POLITICAL AND MONETARY CHANGES ON THE LEVEL OF FOOD EXPENDITURE IN URBAN AND RURAL EGYPT
The study aimed to identify and compare changes in consumer spending patterns in general and food expenditure in particular in both rural and urban areas during the period (2004 / 20052014 / 2015) Moreover and the economic and monetary changes affecting the standard of livinghas also made in Egypt. The study was based on quantitative and descriptive statistical methods such as arithmetic mean, rate of change and percentages, estimating the marginal slope of expenditure, and the elasticity of expenditure of the main food groups, and use of some quantitative analysis methods as a test of the difference between the average of two independent samples, (2004/05, 2014/2015), as well as some studies and research related to the subject of the study. The results showed that the percentage of expenditure on food and drink in both rural and urban areas decreased from the total annual expenditure per capita in 2014/2015 compared to 2004/2005 and that it ranked first among the various expenditure groups during the two study periods and vice versa to the low rate of expenditure on housing in rural areas, the urban expenditure rate increased during 2014/2015. The results showed that the relative importance of urban rural food expenditure, which was reflected in the reduction of the rural-urban food gap, increased from 27.6% to 14.5%. And vice versa, the percentage increased of the rural- urban nonfood gap, from 50.6% to 42.8% during the two study periods. However, the statistical is no significance of the difference between the average of two samples for the total expenditure, food and non-food between rural and urban during the two periods. Results also showed an increase in expenditure on some food groups such as meat, vegetables, cheese, eggs, fish and non-alcoholic beverages, and the decrease in per capita expenditure on cereals and bread in both rural and urban areas during 2014-2015 compared to 2004/2005 The results showed the variation in the elasticity of the expenditure of the food and drink group in both rural and urban areas, some of which were necessary and some of them were morenecessary during 2004/2005. However, they increased per capita in rural areas for all food commodities during 2014-2015, However, most of the food commodities in urban areas is necessary commodities. With reference to the political and monetary changes that occurred during the last ten years, the results of the study showed that the percentage of families living below the poverty line in the rural areas and their urban rise in 2014/2015 compared with 2004/2005, which means that the urban poor are more affected by their rural, The percent age of households living below the absolute poverty line in both rural and urban areas decreased in the second year compared to the first year. The percentage of non-poor households in both rural and urban areas increased in the second year compared with the first year, which indicates improvement Relative to the living conditions of some rural families, While in urban areas, the decline in the proportion of semi-poor families and the increase in the proportion of both poor and non-poor households makes the change in living standards either positive or negative, but the study suggested that there was a transmission to those who were on the edge of poverty to below the poverty line, A change in the consumption pattern, which was affected by the high prices of most food commodities, especially meat and poultry and try to find different alternatives, whether from fish or from eggs and milk derivatives.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31602_969e726eddee26394651f40a32dfa4ad.pdf
2018-05-01
1745
1769
10.21608/ajs.2018.31602
Expended consumption
Consumption expenditure functions
Marginal propensity to expenditure
Elasticity of expenditure or expenditure elasticity
International poverty line
Rehab S.I.
Ahmed
1
Agric. Economic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt Agricultural and Consumer Sci., Dept., Fac. of Agric. Sci. and Food, King Fasial Univ., Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE COSTS OF THE RICE MILLING INDUSTRY IN EGYPT
This research aims to study the costs of rice multiplication in order to identify the various factors that led to the high costs of beating rice in recent years. The research relied mainly on primary data from the sample of the study collected through field visits and interviews to obtain the sample data Was selected, and a random sample was selected at the level of the provinces and then at the level of centers and then at the level of villages and the number of speculators in the sample of 25 peddles distributed in the following areas three rackets in the center of Klin, Sheikh and eight rackets power center in Kafr El-Sheikh4 The problem is that there is an increase in the costs of the process of beating rice, which indicates the importance of studying the components of these costs in terms of different items and factors affecting them and the most important problems facing the industry and how to overcome them and thus Access to weaknesses and inefficiencies to raise the efficiency of this industry and propose the most appropriate solutions to improve the efficiency of this industry to achieve the lowest costs4
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31603_ecd91d2300e6a93a9365b6d41f6f453f.pdf
2018-05-01
1771
1787
10.21608/ajs.2018.31603
Cost functions
Rice multiplication
Storage costs
Rice bleaching
R.H.
El-Gohry
1
Samples Dept., Agricultural Economic Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.B
El-Eraky
2
Agric. Economic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.S.
Kandil
3
Agric. Economic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
B.A.
Bayoumi
4
Samples Dept., Agricultural Economic Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF GEOGRAPHIC DISPARITIES OF FOOD PRICES AND INFLATION IN EGYPT
With the full recognition that the problem of inflation in Egypt is due mainly to factors related to the recent economic policy, while others are related to structural reasons, that ignited the flames of inflation led by monopolies prevailing in the commodity market. The problem is the rise in food and drink prices (FCPI) in particular. The problem is further compounded by the increase in poverty in Egypt, which rose to 31.8% in October 2017. The most serious is the increase of extreme poverty rate of 5.8% of the population is mainly due to rising food prices. The research is concerned with the analysis of general price index and the food price index in four regions, namely, rural upper Egypt, urban upper Egypt, rural lower Egypt, and urban lower Egypt. The research compare between the evolution of consumer price indices in two period, the first period cover, 22 months before the adoption of the floating exchange rate policy and second period cover 15 months after the adoption from November 2016 of the new policy and it. The main of the research are summarized in the following points: 1- Increase the general index of prices and number. 2- A marked increase in the indices in the geographical areas in the countryside from the urban during two periods. 3- There is a significant effect of the time component on the increase in the price index during two periods of study, which was more evident in the float period. 4- The food price index had a clear effect on the increase in the general price index in the regions. 5- The conditions of the increase in the monthly inflation rates in the pre-flotation period in the Egyptian geographical regions, although there was a decrease in the floating period over time, in the floating period. 6- High urban inflation rates for rural areas, despite their rise.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31604_e46bfd897c0be87c4f97a08b4696e058.pdf
2018-05-01
1789
1806
10.21608/ajs.2018.31604
General Price Index
Food Price Index
Inflation Rate
M.O.
Abd El-Fatah
1
Agric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayk Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF KORONAKI AND CORATINA OLIVE CVS.
Experiments carried out through 2016 revealed that a proper protocol for the in vitro propagation of Koronaki and Coratina olive cvs. as follows : Sterilization of stem node explants was carried out successfuly with copper sulphate at 50mg/l for Koronaki cv. And Ampicillin at 150mg/l for Coratina cv. both cultured on Olive medium.Multiplication on MS medium enriched with BAP at 1.5mg/l for both cvs. Rooting of Koronaki on half sterngth OM medium enriched with IBA at 0.5mg/l and Coratina on half sterngth MS medium enriched with NAA at 0.1mg/l. Acclimization of Koronaki plantlets derived from half strength OM rooting medium and acclimatized on peat : sand (1:1) and Coratina plantlets derived from MS rooting medium and acclimatized on peat :sand : vermiculite (1:1:1).
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31605_31362d6f2ad8992de0edc25b4a4a1af7.pdf
2018-05-01
1809
1816
10.21608/ajs.2018.31605
olive
Coratina cv
Koronaki cv
In vitro propagation
sterilization
multiplication
Rooting
Acclamization
Rehab
N. Mostofa
1
Olive and Smei Arid Zone Fruits, Dept., Horticulture Research Inistitute, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.A.,
Abu Rawash
2
Horticulture Dept. Fac. of Agric. Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
H.F.
Elwakeel
3
Horticulture Dept. Fac. of Agric. Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Vergini F.
Noaman
4
Olive and Smei Arid Zone Fruits, Dept., Horticulture Research Inistitute, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
VARIETAL VARIATIONS OF SESAME IN NITROGEN UTILIZATION EFFICACY
From an eco–economic perspective, the efficient use of nitrogen is becoming incrementally worthwhile in crop management. Therefore, growth, yield and seed yield response index of three sesame varieties (Shandwel–1, Giza–32 and Sohag–1) as affected by four N rates (0, 72, 108 and 144 kg N ha−1) were investigated during two seasons of 2013 and 2014. The study illustrated that Sohag–1 was the superior variety for achieving SPAD value and seed yield ha−1. Sesame plants can be fertilized with N at a rate of 108 kg ha−1 being recorded higher seed yield ha−1. Integration between proper variety as a genetic factor with the appropriate N rate applied as an environmental one, i.e. Sohag–1 x 108 kg N ha−1 (or Sohag–1 x 144 kg N ha−1) considered a marked practice for gaining high sesame seed yield as an economic product. Being Sohag–1 exhibited less reduction in yield under low N rate and highly response with high N applied it belongs to ER group.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31652_b097957e85374190d1c27968ab532c56.pdf
2018-05-01
1819
1826
10.21608/ajs.2018.31652
Sesame, Seed yield response index, Nitrogen
Variety
Noha S.
El-Khouly
1
Agronomy Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
H.S.
Saudy
2
Agronomy Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
W.R.
Abd El-Momen
3
Agronomy Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
IMPACTS OF CYANOBACTERIA AND BRADYRHIZOBIUM INOCULATION ON LUPINE PLANTS UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN RATES IN SANDY SOIL
A field experiment was conducted in sandy soil at Ismailia Agricultural Research Station, (Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, in two successive winter seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. The experiment aimed to study the response of lupine plants (Lupinus albus L.) variety Giza 2 to cyanobacteria applied with different methods under different nitrogen fertilizer rates and inoculated with rhizobia. Results revealed that application of cyanobacteria generally increased the mean values of nodules number, dry weight of nodules and shoot dry weight of lupine plants, nitrogen uptake, biological activity of the soil rhizosphere lupine plants, yield, yield components and seed protein content as compared to those recorded by the control treatment without cyanobacteria. Increasing nitrogen rates decreased the mean values of both nodules number and dry weight of nodules. On the contrary, increasing nitrogen rate up to 100% of the recommended one increased all the other tested parameters. The highest values of these parameters were recorded when cyanobacteria were applied as dry + soaking combined with 75 % N rate expect for those of number and nodules the dry weight of nodules that gave their highest values when the lupine plants received the treatment of dry + soaking combined with 50 % N rate. In conclusion, the use of cyanobacteria along with rhizobia as renewable nitrogen source for lupine production can save 25% N from that required for lupine.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31653_5cb04b562716c0ccd2513b0598aa0cdf.pdf
2018-05-01
1827
1839
10.21608/ajs.2018.31653
Cyanobacteria
Bradyrhizobium
inoculation
Nitrogen rates
sandy soil
lupine plants
fekry
ghazal
ghazalfekry@gmail.com
1
Agric. Microbiol. Dept., Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Centre, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hala A.M.
El-Sayed
2
Agric. Sciences Dept., Higher Institute for Agric. Co-Operation, Qalubia, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
BIOLOGICAL CHANGES OCCURED IN SOYBEAN SEED DURING EXPOSING TO SEVERAL TYPES OF SEED PRIMING
Biological experiments were carried out at Agronomy Seed Lab., Agronomy Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University and Ain Shams Center For Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ACGEB, Genetic Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University during 2016/2017 season. Priming and its duration were investigated whereas different types of priming (hydro-priming, osmopriming and salt-priming) and different periods of each type (short- medium and long periods) were stuied. Newly harvested soybean seeds cultivar (Giza 111) were submitted from Field Crop Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC). It was found that type of priming enhanced germination percentage significantly from low performance of 40% to 51%, 68% and 75.5% for hydration, osmopriming and salt priming respectively. Extending exposing period to the longest period gave significantly maximum increment in seed germination. Maximum germination enhancement was achieved when calcium chloride solution was used for the longest period (48 hrs.) giving value of 96.0%. Such increment reached 140% as compared with control. It was noticeable that increasing soaking period to the longest period examined in this investigation accelerated the rate of germination to a maximum level. Salt priming produced longest soybean seedling shoot when compared with control. Overall, for most results obtained in this trial, seed primed with CaCl2 showed better perfor mance than those primed with water or PEG solution. Seedling dry weight revealed a significant effect in a similar manner of seedling length. The longest exposing priming period showed a significant effect on seedling dry weight. Soybeans seeds proteins exposed to priming for all three periods used in this investigation varied from control, whereas number of protein bands on SDS gel increased from 10 bands separated on control pattern to 13, 11 and 12 for hydration treatment at periods of 6, 12 and 24 hrs., respectively. Also number of mono poly-uni. and unique bands varied as well as its intensive dye which reflect that amount of protein formed varied between treatments. Considering exposing seeds to salt solution of CaCl2 for longest period (48 hrs.) less bands of separated protein were formed on SDS gel. Biological seed quality was assessed by extracting proteins on native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, whereas, all priming treatment at application periods caused on increasing in peroxidase activity compared to control (untreated seeds). It was remarkably that the longest period of expose showed the highest peroxidase activity when compare to control and also for the short and medium exposing periods (6 and 12 hrs.). Also it was noticed that there were a unique diffuse band at the end of the lane, these bands were less intensive in staining color, meaning that their activities is less than those extracted from hydro-primed seeds for short and medium periods (6 and 12 hrs. respectively). Seed esterase activity bands had two prolonged regions, these bands appeared as a diffuse bands. Esterase activity bands of PAGE gel showed less activity as subjected to all priming types at any period used in this investigation (long, medium and short) when compared to untreated seed (control). It was clear that increasing period of exposing seeds to priming reduced esterase activity since the intensive band diminished in their intensive color.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31654_d52b04ec15c6905603b327183af73126.pdf
2018-05-01
1841
1856
10.21608/ajs.2018.31654
Soybean
Glycine max
osmo-priming
Salt-priming
Hydration
enzyme activity
peroxidase
esterase
H.M.
Mohamed
1
Agronomy Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ.., P.O. Box 68 Hadayk Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.M.,
Zaki
2
Agronomy Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ.., P.O. Box 68 Hadayk Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Olfat H.
El-Bagoury
3
Agronomy Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ.., P.O. Box 68 Hadayk Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Rania A.A.
Younis
4
Genetic Dept. Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayk Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EVALUATION OF GENETIC DIFFERENCES ON IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE IN TWO NATIVE CHICKEN STRAINS FED ON DIFFERENT NATURAL AND ORGANIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION
The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the genetic differences in immunological response by use the natural growth promoters in diets offered to local chicken strains (GoldenMontazah (GM) and Bandra (B)). The present study was carried out in Seds Poultry Breeding Research Station, Animal Production Research Institute, Banysweif Governorate, through August to January (2016). A total of 240 chicks (120 hens of each strain) were used from 16 to 40 weeks of age. Birds were randomly distributed into six treatments. Each treatment had 20 (female) chicks (20X 6X 2) that were individually caged. The first treatment of each strain served as a control group and fed the formulated basal diet without any tested feed additives. The second treatment fed the basal diet with BioPlus® 2B, (400gm/ton) a commercial probiotic preparation (pro. (Bio)). The third treatment hens were fed the same basal diet with the addition of TechnoMos® (500gm/ton) a prebiotic type (pre. (Tech)).The fourth treatment fed the basal diet with Diamond V®(2.5kg/ton) a commercial prebiotic produced (pre. (Dia)). The fifth treatment fed the basal diet with FORMI® NDF (2kg/ton) (organic acid (FORMI)). The sixth treatment fed the basal diet with combination of (BioPlus® 2B, (400gm/ton) + TechnoMos® (500gm/ton) + FORMI® NDF (1kg/ton)) (combination (BTF)). Data showed that, the Heterophils/Lymphocyte ratio percentage value was significantly higher in Golden Montaza than Bandara. The highest value was found for organic acids (FORMI) group and the lowest value was found for probiotic (Bio Plus) group. As for the antibody titer before vaccination the highest values were found for pre (Tech) group in comparison to pre (Dia) group. And there were no significant differences between the control group and all treated groups. Also, the higher values of antibody titer against Newcastle vaccine after vaccination were found in pre (Tech.), org ((FORMI), combination (Bio, Tech and FORMI) and control groups compare to values were found in pre (Dia) and pro (Bio) groups. As for the differences titer between before and after vaccination against Newcastle disease virus, there were no significant differences.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31655_2540431d64f56fccd8629111a76efe59.pdf
2018-05-01
1859
1867
10.21608/ajs.2018.31655
immunological response
probiotic
prebiotic
organic acid
Local strains
Eman S.
Osman
1
Poultry Breeding Dept., Animal Production Research Institute, Agric., Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
E.A.
Abdallah
2
Poultry Breeding Dept., Animal Production Research Institute, Agric., Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.G.
Elsayed
3
Poultry Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.H.
Elattar
4
Poultry Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EVALUATION OF DIRECT-FED MICROBIAL SUPPLEMENTATION TO IMPROVE UTILIZATION OF THE LOW QUALITY ROUGHAGES IN RUMINANTS
Direct-fed microbials (DFM) feed additives have been shown to improve average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency in ruminant animals in many studies. So, this study aimed to evaluate effect of using fungal and bacterial DFM and their mixture on productive performance of growing lambs. Thirty-two Barkey lambs (3 months old, 22.31± 1.57 kg) were randomly assigned into four groups, 8 lambs of each according to live body weight. The first group (control) was fed control rations without DFM supplementation, while treated groups (Fungal DFM, Bacterial DFM and Mixed DFM) were fed the control ration plus 2.5 g fungal, bacterial or mixed (1:1) DFM; respectively. Results showed that groups fed ration supplemented with DFM (fungal, bacterial and mixed) recorded higher DM, TDN and digestible CP intake. Supplementation of lambs ration with DFM (fungal, bacterial and mixed) showed not significant (P>0.05) effects on rumen liquor TVFA's and ammonia concentration at 0, 3 and 6 hrs post feeding. While DFM supplemented rations showed significant higher rumen liquor pH at 0, 3 and 6 hrs after feeding compared to the control group. Numerically increase was recorded in cellulose activity as unit per ml rumen liquor for groups fed ration supplemented with bacterial and mixed DFM. Direct fed microbial supplementation significantly (P<0.05) improved nutrients digestibility as dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen free extract, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) as well as feeding values as TDN and digestible crude protein. Bacterial or mixed DFM supplementation showed numerically increased (P>0.05) in plasma total protein concentration compared to lambs fed ration not supplemented. While albumin, globulin, urea, triglycerides, creatinine ALT and AST, alkaline phosphates activity were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by DFM supplementation. Total gain and ADG were significantly increased (P≤0.05) for groups received rations supplemented with DFM compared to control group. Also DFM supplementation significantly (P≤0.05) improved feed conversion as DM, TDN, CP and DCP compared to the control group. It could be concluded that supplementing lambs ration with fungal, bacterial or mixed DFM improved feed intake, digestibility, average daily gain and feed conversion without any adverse effects on animal health and performance.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31656_264535578fd9b338c27be3ef08914ea2.pdf
2018-05-01
1869
1878
10.21608/ajs.2018.31656
lambs
DFM
feed intake
digestibility
rumen contents activity
Growth performance
Marwa A.
Madkour
1
Animal Nutrition Dept., Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
H.M.
Khattab
2
Animal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain-Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
H.M.
El-Bordeny
3
Animal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain-Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Badr E.
Mattar
4
Animal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain-Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND BIOCONTROL OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM IN KARIESH CHEESE BY BACTEIOPHAGE
The study aims to assess the possibility of biological control on one of the most serious pathogenic microbes that found to infect Kariesh cheese, namely Salmonella typhimurium. To achieve this object, firstly a total of 20 Kariesh cheese samples were collected randomly from various markets located at Cairo and exposed to microbiological isolation and identification of S. typhimurium. The obtained results revealed that, S. typhimurium was detected in 30% of surveyed market Kariesh cheese according to the strain identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Secondary, five sewage water samples were obtained from Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., and Shoubra EL-Kheima station of drinking and sewage water for specific bacteriophage isolation and morphology particles of Salmonella bacteriophage was examined by transmission electron microscope. Third, pasteurized skimmed buffalo’s milk was converted into experimental Kariesh cheese at 40oC by milk inoculation with 2% of freshly activated yoghurt bacterial starter culture and then milk was divided into 5 equal portions. The 1st portion considered as control. The 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th portions were contaminated with equal level (1%) of S. typhimurium suspension containing 105 colony forming units (CFU)/mL, previously isolated from foregoing surveyed Kariesh cheese samples, followed by adding phage suspension, from which isolated from sewage water, containing 108 plaque forming units (PFU)/mL at the levels of nil, 1, 2 and 3% respectively. All portions were separately incubated at the same temperature up to curdling. The curds were cut and individually filled into stainless steel moulds lined with cheese cloth and consolidated by a slight pressure for 24 h. The blocks of curd were then cut, dry salted using 2% NaCl (w/w) and packaged into plastic containers. Experimentally, there were proportional reductions in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population as the level of phage spiked into cheese milk increased, as which the reduction rate of LAB count during cold storage period (CSP) prolonging was however declined. In terms of health safety, although the number of pathogen microbe added was gradually reduced due to the acid developed by prolonging the Cold Storage Period in the absence of phage, but it stilled present until the end of experimental period. While, the pathogen was completely eliminated within 7 days of cheese age when the phage suspension (108 PFU/mL) has been spiked at the level of 1% at least. The contamination of experimental Kariesh cheese with S. typhimurium led to weaken the ability of cheese curd to drain whey as explained from the dry matter (DM) content which decreased due to the presence of pathogen and increased by the pathogen elimination with bacteriophage, which resulted also to increase the protein /DM content. The ash content reduced by both reasons, namely the contamination with S. typhimurium and/or the spiking level of phage suspension. The presence of S. typhimurium slowed the LAB population and acid production by them. Finally, as a conclusion, the spiking of Kariesh cheese milk with 1% Salmonella typhimurium phage suspension (108 PFU/mL) is quite enough to eliminate this microorganism when it present at the level of 1% suspension containing 105 CFU /mL.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31657_38bed27c3fe0e13e23192c8fdfb66bb1.pdf
2018-05-01
1881
1894
10.21608/ajs.2018.31657
Salmonella typhimurium identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Morphology particles of Salmonella bacteriophage examination by transmission electron microscope
Cheese properties
Atef
Fayed
profateffayed@yahoo.com
1
Dept. Food Sci., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
Ragia O.
Mohamed
2
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.A.
Hassan
3
Food Technol., Res. Inst., Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
A.E.
Fayed
4
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EVALUATION OF WHEAT FLOUR BLENDED WITH DIFFERENT RATIOS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES AND SEEDS
Chemical composition, minerals content, amino acids, fiber fractions, fatty acids profile, total phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity were determined in wheat flour (WF) 72%, moringa leaves powder (MLP), defatted moringa seeds powder (DMSP) and moringa seeds (MS). Pasting profile and rheological properties of blends supplemented with MLP at levels of 3, 6, 9 and 12% or DMSP at levels of 5, 10, 15 and 20% were also studied. The highest moisture and carbohydrate contents were found in WF (12.60 and 85.05%), respectively. MLP had higher ash and fiber contents (8.87 and 7.91%), respectively, while, protein and fat contents were higher in DMSP and in MS. Mineral content (Ca, K, Mg, P, Na and Fe) in MLP was the highest, while DMSP was higher in Zn content than that of other samples. Fiber fractions of WF were lower than that of both MLP and DMSP. Total essential amino acids of DMSP was higher (19.25%) than that of MLP and WF (12.45 and 4.16%), respectively. Oleic acid was the predominant fatty acid (66.85%) in moringa seeds oil. MLP had the highest value of total phenolic, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity (11.97, 8.02 and 15.87 mg/g), respectively. Color measurements showed that all of MLP, DMSP and WF blends decreased in L*, a*,however, they increased in b*, saturation, hue and ∆E values. Supplementation with MLP and DMSP at all levels decreased the peak viscosity, trough, breakdown, final and setback viscosities. While, it increased water absorption, dough development time, mixing tolerance index and dough weakening. On contrary, arrival time and dough stability were decreased. Also, MLP and DMSP decreased the extensibility, resistance to extension, maximum resistance to extension energy of dough and the proportional number.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31658_f1925683d3c8ca8617ea1622217e7deb.pdf
2018-05-01
1895
1906
10.21608/ajs.2018.31658
Wheat Flour
Moringa leaves
Moringa seeds
Chemical composition
Amino acids
fatty acids profile
Antioxidant activity and Rheological properties
A.R.,
Khalaf
1
Food Technology Dept., National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.H.,
El-kalyoubi
2
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.F.
Khallaf
3
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.S.
Hussein
4
Food Technology Dept., National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
I.F.
Helmy
5
Food Technology Dept., National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
GENETIC EFFECT OF MIGRATORY COMPOUNDS FROM BOTTLED NATURAL DRINKING WATER STORED UNDER DIRECT SUNLIGHT
The drinking water is one of the important routes for human exposure to contaminants through releasing of antimony (Sb) and polymers from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sunlight on chemical compounds migration into PET-bottled water and studying the cytotoxicity of di-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-octyl phthalate (DOP) by SMART in Drosophila melanogaster. Four random water bottle samples produced by various companies as: A (PET, clear, 0.6L), B (PET, clear, 1.5L), C (PET, blue, 1.5L) and D (polycarbonate PC, blue, 19L) for studying the effect of direct sunlight exposure on migration of antimony and phthalates. Experiment was carried out in the presence of sunlight (7 h daily) for 210 day. The migrated compounds profile (µg/L) that detected sample (A) before storage were only two compounds formaldehyde (FA) and acetaldehyde (AA) out of nine compounds. During storage under sunlight, four compounds (Sb), bis-phenol A (BPA), dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) were increased till 30th day then did not affect till the end of storage. Other detected compounds were continuously progressed till the end of storage with different rates. The highest rate was appeared in case of FA, it was 222 fold followed by DOP compound (173 fold) as well as DBP (75.3 fold) and finally the AA compound with 17.9 fold. Regarding to another sample B, only 3 compounds (BPA, DMP and DBP) were not detected at zero time. The AA compound was detected with the highest concentration (0.9µg/L) and the lowest one was DOP (0.007µg/L). Only four compounds were detected before storage named Sb, DOP, FA and AA, the lowest level (0.006µg/L) was noticed in DOP, while the moderate level was recorded in FA (0.03µg/L) and Sb (0.08µg/L). Other detected compounds; i.e. DBP, DOP, AA and FA were consequently increased with higher levels. This study investigated genotoxic effects of (DBP) and (DOP) at 30µg/ml concentration using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART). The cytotoxicity of the tested phthalate compounds was also assessed at five different concentrations 0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 20µg/ml in two types of human cell lines; liver cancer (HepG2), colon cancer (HCT-116) using neutral red cytotoxicity assay. All of tested compounds significantly showed high levels of tumor induction and frequency compared to the negative control in SMART assay. It was also reduced the viability of the HepG2 cell lines cells using different concentrations and the highest cytotoxic effect. While, on HCT-116 showed no cytotoxic effect.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31659_4dbf1cbe7d454a1bbf009978bed40148.pdf
2018-05-01
1907
1916
10.21608/ajs.2018.31659
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles
Bottled water
Sunlight
Phthalates
Migration
toxicity
Carcinogenic
Genotoxic effects
H.M.,
Fahim
1
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Neima, K.
Alsonosy
2
Genetic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.F.
Khallaf
3
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Y.A.
Abdeldaim
4
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hemat E.
Elsheshetawy
5
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EVALUATION OF PAN BREAD PRODUCED BY USING BAKER'S YEAST DERIVED FROM DISTILLED BIOMASS
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31660_9109e81827c50a04de60d0246b9c044a.pdf
2018-05-01
1917
1930
10.21608/ajs.2018.31660
Sarah E.A.
Soliman
1
Food Technology Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
E.I.
Yousif
2
Food Science Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.A.
Fattah
3
Food Science Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.H.
Shams El-Din
4
Food Technology Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF RED PALM OIL AND SUPER RED PALM OLEIN ON HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC RATS
The present work was conducted to study the effect of red palm oil (RPO) and super red palm olien (SRPOL) on the nutritional parameters of rats suffering from hypercholesterolemic. The vitamins (E, A, D and K) and β carotene were determinate by HPLC and indicated that RPO and SRPOL are considered the richest vegetable oils of antioxidant specially α- tocopherol and β carotene. Thirty male rats weighting approximately 210 grams were divided into five groups, each group containing six rats. Group G1 fed on basal diet as a control negative group. Group G2 fed on basal diets containing 2% of cholesterol as a control positive group and the other groups G3, G4 and G5 fed on the same diet used in group G2, yet the corn oil was replaced by RPO in G3 and SRPOL in G4, Meanwhile, group G5 was fed on the same diet used in group G2 and supplemented with a drug contained Lipitor Atorvastatin (20 mg/Kg BW rat daily by stomach tube). Concerning biological evaluation all the studied dietary oils compared to positive control group caused an decreases in serum LDL-c and TC and significantly increased HDL-c over the feeding period of experimental rat groups, thereby decreased the TC/HDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c ratios. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) enzymes and albumin in rats serum were generally decreased by RPO, SRPOL and drug Lipitor compared to positive control group. Also urea, creatnine and uric acid levels in rats serum were significantly decreased by the studied oils and drug. However, a significant increment in the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPXs), catalase and total antioxidant were observed in blood of hypercholesterolemic rats treated with RPO, SRPOL and drug. As such, the treated groups showed a significant decrement in malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31661_626dda9598228120782309b7157d0387.pdf
2018-05-01
1931
1942
10.21608/ajs.2018.31661
Red palm oil
Super red palm olien
Hypercholesterolemia
Lipid profile
MDA
GPXs
Huda H.I.
Mohammed
1
Special Food and Nutrition Dept., Food Technology Research Institute, Agric. Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Magda H.
Alaam
2
Food Science Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Nessrien M.N.
Yasin
3
Food Science Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
S.A.
Hafez
4
Special Food and Nutrition Dept., Food Technology Research Institute, Agric. Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
TURF IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT BASED ON RECENT TECHNIQUES
Irrigation, water management under climate change conditions plays an important role in rationalizing water uses efficiency in the agricultural development processes specially under aridecosystems conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the irrigation water requirement of savings landscaping areas under different recent techniques. So, this study focused on comparison between fully automatic with central control system (C.C.S) based on weather station and Control unit based on operator experience and background. The experiments were conducted during two years (from January 2014 to December 2015), in the site that located in District 5, New Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. The results indicated the irrigation scheduling based on weather station data using a central control system (C.C.S) optimized maximize the irrigation water use efficiency and increase the amount of irrigation water saving by about 14%, 36%,18% and 33% in Autumn, Winter ,spring and summer respectively in year of (2014) and 7%, 29.7%, 16%, 33% in Autumn, Winter, spring and summer, respectively in year of (2015) compared with the other irrigation scheduling when based on calculated according to traditional method. In addition, the results revealed that scheduling practices based on weather station data by using central control system could reduce the average of power consumption (about 314 KW) in year of (2014) and (about 347 KW) in year of (2015). Moreover ,the results revealed that the cost of water consumption for the central control system based on the data of the meteorological station for the two years 2014 and 2015, the years of study were 018601 L.E./ 2 years compared with the other irrigation schedule when calculated according to the operator's experience was 010101 L.E./ 2 years. Where the cost of 36172, 13603, 23393 and 33642 L.E./ 2 years in the winter ,spring, summer, autumn and respectively of the central control system and 39600, 17068, 28820 and 45522 L.E./ 2 years in the winter, spring, summer, autumn respectively of the other system.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31662_c891ab0a33b49841ffae29d8dc83446c.pdf
2018-05-01
1945
1955
10.21608/ajs.2018.31662
Irrigation scheduling
Central control
Weather station
Landscape
Nabila A.
Mohamed
1
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.M.
El-Gindy
2
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
K.F.
El-Bagoury
3
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
O.M.
Beder
4
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND MODERN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT FOR IRRIGATING DATE PALM TREES IN NEWLY RECLAIMED LANDS
field experiment was conducted in newly reclaimed sand soil to find out the most efficient combination between irrigation system and deficit irrigation management can be used for date palm trees “Zaghlol cultivar”. Results revealed that the average water requirements of date palm trees gradually increased from 1504, 1279, 1128 and 978 for drip to 2522, 2143, 1891, and 1639 m3/fedSeason for bubbler irrigation system in combination with 100, 85, 75 and 65% deficit irrigation treatments respectively. Data indicated that EC1:5 in dS/m gradually increased with decreasing deficit irrigation levels from 100 to 65% and with increasing soil layer depth to 60-90 cm either in parallel or perpendicular direction of drip or bubbler irrigation lines. While opposite result was observed for soil moisture distribution. Results showed an evident decrease in crop yield as affected by water stress associated with decreasing deficit irrigation treatments from 100 to 85, 75 and 65 % by about 167, 155, 153, 151 for drip and 181.5, 168, 172 and 169 kg/Tree for bubbler irrigation systems. Data revealed that water use efficiency increased from 0.10 for 100 % DI to 0.93, 0.83 and 0.64 m3/kg for 85, 75 and 65 % deficit irrigation under drip and slightly decreased from 0.16 for 100 % DI to 0.14, 0.12 and 0.11 m3/kg for bubbler irrigation systems respectively. It could be concluded that the best method for managing irrigation of date palm trees "Zaghloul cultivar" in the study area is the irrigation using bubbler system with 75% deficit irrigation treatment. This combination treatment gave acceptable yield of about 172 kg/tree with saving a substantial amount of Irrigation water reached to about 25% (1891 m3/fed or 22 m3/tree) with WUE of about 8.09 kg/m3.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31663_a28c8b5aba99cc8692f698dfde64db28.pdf
2018-05-01
1957
1965
10.21608/ajs.2018.31663
Drip and bubbler Irrigations
water use efficiency
Deficit Irrigation
date palm
Salwa B.
Mazen
1
Agric. Mech. Trapoli Univ., Trapoli, Libya
AUTHOR
A.M.
El-Gindy
2
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., 68 Hadayel Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Y.E.
Arafa
3
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., 68 Hadayel Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ibrahim A.A.
A.A.
4
Soils Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., 68 Hadayel Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
REMOVAL OF ALIZARIN RED S FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING SODIUM BENTONITE
In this work, sodium bentonite (Bn) was used for removal of alizarin red S (ARS) from aqueous solution using batch technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize sodium bentonite. Different parameters that would affect ARS dye removal such as initial pH, contact time, initial ARS dye concentration, bentonite dose, and temperature were explored. The realized data from kinetic studies demonstrated the high fitness of pseudosecond-order kinetic model for better interpretation of the experimental data. The adsorption isotherms studies showed that Freundlich isotherm had a high correlation coefficient among the studied isotherm models. Thermodynamic studies proposed that ARS adsorption onto Bn was spontaneous in nature at the lower temperatures and exothermic.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31664_785d8db3970c67e8399e497ac1b196e4.pdf
2018-05-01
1967
1974
10.21608/ajs.2018.31664
Removal
Alizarin red S (ARS)
Bentonite
Eman A.
El-Menofy
1
Chemistry Dept., Fac. of Sci., Helwan Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Omnia I.
Ali
2
Chemistry Dept., Fac. of Sci., Helwan Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.H.T.
Kandil
3
Chemistry Dept., Fac. of Sci., Helwan Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EVALUATING EFFECT OF PEPPER MINT OIL (Mentha pipreta) AND ITS NANO-FORMULATIONS ON SOME ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES AND BIONOMICS OF COTTON LEAF WORM Spodoptera littoralis (BOISD.) [
Different formulations of pepper mint oil, i.e. bulk, nano-emulsion and nano-encapsulation were evaluated against 2nd and 4th instar larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Their effects on enzymatic activities and bionomics were also investigated. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed that the mean particle size of the prepared nano-emulsion ranged between 20-90nm. The encapsulation efficiency and loaded capacity percentages exhibited that distilled H2O was more suitable than ethanol in preparation of nano-encapsulation particles. Bioassay treatments showed LC50's on 2nd instars larvae were 70.59, 12.23 and 21.72 ppm for pepper mint oil, pepper mint nano-emulsion and loaded nanoemulsion, respectively. While on 4th instars these values were 80.47, 26.14 and 67.69 ppm, respectively. LC90's on 2nd instars were 104.75, 33.97 and 30.14 for pepper mint oil, pepper mint nanoemulsion and loaded nano-emulsion, respectively. While on 4th instars these values were 177.66, 71.37 and 102.29 ppm. Toxicity index and relative potency proved that nano-emulsion was more effective than loaded nano-emulsion, while the bulk preparation was the least effective one. Results of enzymatic activities showed marked effects of the three formulations of mint oil, significant inhibitions were recorded for amylase, invertase, trehalase, protease and alkaline phosphatase, while significant increase in activities of cuticle phenoloxidase and chitinase. Effects of adding the three formulations to artificial diet of 2nd instar showed significant effects of the insect bionomics. Larvae durations, percentage mortalities, were increased as well as larval malformations. Also, pupal duration, percentage pupal mortality and pupal malformation were increased, while pupal weight was decreased. Adults longevity showed insignificant effects, while female fecundity and egg % fertility showed significant responce.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31665_dfb0116f00190a33e192d330271e9c22.pdf
2018-05-01
1977
1991
10.21608/ajs.2018.31665
Pepper mint oil
Nano-formulation
Bioassay Bionomics
Enzymes
Spodoptera littoralis
Dalia A.
Yousef
1
Pests and Plant Protection Dept., National Research center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.E.
Bayoumi
2
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Nadia Z.
Dimetry
3
Pests and Plant Protection Dept., National Research center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.H.
Amin
4
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
E.M.
Hoballah
5
Agricultural Microbiology Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS OF IMMATURE STAGES OF THE CITRUS FLOWER MOTH, PRAYS CITRI MILL. (LEP.: HYPONOMEUTIDAE) ON LIME TREES
Mill. on lime flower buds showed six annual population peaks of 13.3, 1.2, 1.8, 6.2, 2.8 and 3.4 in mid-May, mid-Oct., mid-Nov., mid-Dec., midFeb. and mid-Mar., respectively during 2015/2016 season. Five peaks of 13.5, 14.5, 1.8, 5.8 and 5.0 immature stages were observed on flowers in midApr., mid-June, mid-Oct., mid-Dec. and mid-Mar., respectively. On newly formed fruits, five peaks of 7.3, 0.4, 2.2, 1.8 and 2.4 immature stages were also recorded in the middle of June, Oct., Dec., Feb. and Mar., respectively. The general mean was the highest (11.3 immature stages) in June, while it was the lowest (0.0 immature stage) in Sep. The highest population density of P. citri was recorded in spring, followed by summer then winter and autumn. The seasonal mean was 4.1 immature stages in 2015/2016 season. The same trend could be applied during 2016/2017 season. Six peaks of 12.8, 2.5, 4.0, 5.8, 3.3 and 4.6 immature stages were estimated on lime flower buds in mid-May, mid-Oct., mid-Nov., mid-Dec., mid-Feb. and mid-Mar., respectively. Mean numbers of P. citri immature stages on flowers also exhibited six peaks of 14.5, 2.8, 5.3, 7.2, 4.3 and 5.6 in mid-Apr., mid-Oct., mid-Nov., midDec., mid-Feb. and mid-Mar., respectively. Six peaks of 5.8, 1.0, 1.8, 3.0, 1.5 and 2.4 immature stages were also found on newly formed fruits in the middle of May, Oct., Nov., Dec., Feb. and Mar., respectively. The highest general mean was 10.8 immature stages in May, while the lowest was 0.0 immature stage in Sep. The highest population density of P. citri occurred in spring, followed by summer then winter and autumn. The seasonal mean was 4.6 immature stages in the second season.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31666_428e79feedf8def6912d292a91d03947.pdf
2018-05-01
1993
2000
10.21608/ajs.2018.31666
Prays citri
Population fluctuations
lime trees
A.F.,
Badr
1
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.M.
Hekal
2
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
L.A.
Youssef
3
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
GENETIC ASSESSMENT IN SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS UTILIZING MOLECULAR MARKERS
The interest in medicinal plants is not only due to the fact that it is a source of food additives, but it is also a major source of medicines. Medical plants contain many important vital ingredients used in the treatment of many diseases. Therefore, medicinal plants are considered a safe source of medical drugs. Many medicinal plants have a significant economic importance to increase their demand. The plant families include many families, such as solanaceae family, which is one of the largest plant families with more than 3000 plant species And the plants of this family contains many important biological components and because of its importance, it was necessary to study and identify these plants by making fingerprinting, detect the molecular genetic markers for this family, study the genetic diversity of these species and determine the relationships between species of this family by using genetic techniques such as the technique of Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR). The results obtained in the five solanaceae species (Lycium shwaii, Hyoscyamus muticus, Solanum nigrum from Northwestern coast, Solanum nigrun from Saint Katherine, and Nicotiana gluca) indicated that, 6 primers were applied. The HB15 primer which gave 12 bands, showed the highest polymorphism 58.33%, and the 49A primer, which gave 6 bands gave a lowest polymrphism 16.66% between the used plants populations, these results mean that ISSR technique is an powerful tool to make genetic diversity assessment for species.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31667_e74400f8927ed44faba0f28afa482ff6.pdf
2018-05-01
2003
2009
10.21608/ajs.2018.31667
medicinal plants
Solanaceae
Genetic diversity
ISSR technique
Samar A.
Salah
1
Genetic Resources Dept., Environment Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Enjy M.
Masoad
2
Genetic Resources Dept., Environment Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
El-bakry
3
Genetic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
S.A.
Ibrahim
4
Genetic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE siRNA EFFICACY OF SOLUBLE ACID INVERTASE DOWN-REGULATION IN SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM SPP.)
Sugarcane (Saccharum sp. hybrids) is a C4 grass used as a major source of sucrose. Invertase enzymes hydrolyse sucrose into hexose sugars reducing the production markedly. Soluble acid invertase role is always a case of discussion for having a major or minor role in the breakdown process in sink tissues. Bio-deterioration is another serious problem accomplishes the sucrose production, the delay between harvest and milling of sugarcane cause enormous depreciation in cane tonnage as well as sugar recovery. Beside another many factors, it was improved that both neutral and acid invertase present in cane stalk and both have tendency to increase after harvest. In the present study, sugarcane cultivar G.99/103, Saccharum officinarium, was used to establish Inplanta transformation experiment for down-regulation of soluble acid invertase gene using siRNA application. The transgenic plants were examined chemically and genetically to estimate the percentage of silencing and its impact on the sucrose content. The enzyme activity showed reduction compared to control in most transgenic plants and consequently the decrease in expression level of soluble acid invertase increase the Brix value significantly in some of the transgenic plants.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31668_f150ccd6c0c0d86704ed8b03eefa9693.pdf
2018-05-01
2011
2017
10.21608/ajs.2018.31668
Sugarcane
In-Planta transformation
SAI
siRNA
RT-PCR
enzyme activity
brix
Shereen K.M.
Khaled
1
Sugar Crop Research Institue (SCRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
F.M.
Abdel-Tawab
2
Genetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain-Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Eman M.
Fahmy
3
Genetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain-Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
E.A.M.
Amer
4
Sugar Crop Research Institue (SCRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
K.A.
Khaled
5
Genetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Beni-suef Univ., Beni-suef, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
METABOLIC CHANGES OF CUCUMBER PLANTS DUE TO TWO CMV EGYPTIAN ISOLATES
Cucumber production exposed to huge losses in Egypt and worldwide due to infection with Cucumber mosaic Cucumovirus (CMV). The current study focus on the impact of two Egyptian CMV isolates on metabolic and oxidative activities in cucumber plants. Two CMV isolates was obtained from cucurbitaceous crops and confirmed by DASELISA. Inoculated cucumber plants by infectious crude sap with two CMV isolates showed difference in external symptoms. The metabolic and biochemical components of cucumber plants were affected with two CMV isolates. The present study provided that, CMV infection caused a significant reduction in both photopigments and biochemical components while bioactive components (proline and phenol) and oxidative enzymes (POX, SOD, PPO and CAT) were increased significantly compared healthy ones. It was found that cucumberCMV isolate was more effective in metabolic and biochemical than Squash-CMV isolate.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_31670_e2350cd95b90e20565472490d52b1817.pdf
2018-05-01
2019
2028
10.21608/ajs.2018.31670
Cucumber Plants
Cucumber mosaic virus
oxidative enzymes
biochemical
CMV isolates
ELISA
A.S.
Farahat
1
Botany Dept., Fac. of Sci., Al-Mansoura Univ., Al-Mansoura, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.A.
El-Morsi
2
Botany Dept., Fac. of Sci., Al-Mansoura Univ., Al-Mansoura, Egypt
AUTHOR
H.E.
Soweha
3
Botany Dept., Fac. of Sci., Al-Mansoura Univ., Al-Mansoura, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.R.
Sofy
4
Botany and Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Sci., Al-Azhar Univ., 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
E.E.
Refaey
5
Botany and Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Sci., Al-Azhar Univ., 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR