ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE ECONOMIC AND MARKETING SITUATION OF SOME DAIRY PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED IN EGYPT
The problem of food supply is the main problem that worries the world in recent times, and the problem of developing countries is increasing in size to increase population growth rate. The problem of research is the low efficiency of production and processing of dairy products in Egypt. In addition to the low level of dairy processing operations, the aim of the research is to identify the current production status of milk and dairy products and to identify the monthly seasonal prices of these products as well as the margins. The most important results were the annual increase in the production of the study products, which were studied and the focus was on these products due to the availability of data on them without other products. It is clear from the study of the general time trend equation in Table (2) Dairy production increased by a statistical significance of about 13.3 thousand tons, an annual increase representing about 1% of the average total production during the period (2000-2014), and it was found that the coefficient of selection was about 560. That is, 56% of the changes that occur in the quantity of production The total dairy production is due to changes in the variables (2) indicates that the production of buffalo butter increased by a statistically significant increase of about 1.9 thousand tons, with an annual increase representing about 2.3% of the average total production during the period. (2000-2014). It was also found that the coefficient of selection was about 0.61, ie, 61% of the changes in the amount of buffalo butter production are due to variables whose effect reflects the time component. It is also clear from the study of the general time trend equation in Table (2) that the production of Jamousian cheese increased by a statistically significant increase of about 1.9 thousand tons, with an annual increase representing about 0.77% of the average total production during the period 2000-2014. The selection was about 0.48, which means that 48% of the changes in the quantity of cheese production are attributed to changes in variables whose effect reflects time.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15599_f11b66cf99593645b8f722afbd88cdac.pdf
2018-09-01
435
442
10.21608/ajs.2018.15599
Milk
White cheese
Processed dairy products
Consumer price index
Marketing margins
Consumer distribution
Kh.
Zaki
1
Agric. Economic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Ragab
2
Agric. Economic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mona
Ryad
3
Agric. Economic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE AND STORAGE PERIODS ON FRUIT QUALITY OF GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLE
This investigation was carried out to study the effect of calcium chloride and storage period on fruit quality of Golden delicious apple cv. Collected at mature stage from private farm at Elbeida region. The fruits were stored at refrigerators of Horticultural Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Omar Al-Mukhtar University. Through the growing season of 2014/2015. The University, through 0.5 and 1% treatments contained three CaCl2 concentrations vis. 0, at five storage periods (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) weeks. Obtained results revealed that using CaCl2 at both concentrations improved most fruit quality parameters throughout storage periods.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15600_cf5583c3d287ab16f87387ea83ff0dd2.pdf
2018-09-01
435
442
10.21608/ajs.2018.15600
Sabrin
Khalifa
1
Horticultural Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Al-Byda, Libya
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
IMPROVING FRUIT CRACKING RESISTANCE OF WONDERFUL POMEGRANATES
two successive seasons of 2015 and 2016 on Wonderful“ Pomegranates trees grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation system in a private orchard located at Giza governorate, Egypt . Trees were sprayed two times (at fruits size 8-10 mm & Re- spraying at one month later) with Potassium silicate at (2500 & 5000 ppm) , Boron at(5 &10%) , Kaolin (1 &2% ) , Zinc oxidase (1000 & 2000 ppm) with wrapping as a commercial treatments . Spraying started at July in the two seasons to improve fruit cracking resistance “Wonderful“ pomegranates and study their effects upon yield components, physical and chemical fruit properties. Results indicated that the “Wonderful“ pomegranates cultivar had the highest values of fruit weight and the minimum cracking values were obtained by spraying Boron at (5 %) and potassium silicate at (5000 ppm) in both seasons and this treatments gave the maximum values with total yield/tree, /feddan and Marketable yield/tree, /feddan .Meanwhile ,number of arils per fruit ,total soluble solids , total sugar ,total acidity , (arils)/fruit weight was not affected but when trees treated with wrapping, without wrapping and zinc oxidase at (1000 ppm) sprays gave the minimum mentioned above characteristics. However, fruit weight, arils weight, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin and tannins %were increased as influenced by foliar spraying with all treatments in both studied seasons. Therefore, boron at 5 % and Potassium silicate at 5000 ppm treatments could be recommended for improving Wonderfull pomegranate cvs performance in cracking resistance alternative treatments to fruit wrapping under similar conditions of this study.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15607_c3874854befd8bd6f8f5e86addd27c0c.pdf
2018-09-01
445
457
10.21608/ajs.2018.15607
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L. wonderful)
foliar spray
Potassium silicate, Kaolin, Zinc oxidase
Boron
Fruit cracking, Fruit quality pomegranates
Mai
Ismail
1
Horticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
N.
Abd-Alhamid
2
Horticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Eman
Sewrus
3
Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Samah
Nasr
4
Higher Institute for Agriculture Co-Operation, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ANTIOXIDANTS ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND LEAF MINERAL CONTENT OF CHINESE TANGERINE YOUNG TREES BUDDED ON SOME CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS GROWN UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS
Wady El Natroun high way (Beer Hooker Area) in a private orchard in a sandy soil under drip irrigation system with saline water. in 2015 and 2016 seasons. Chinese tangerine (Citrus tangerine) transplant were budded on three rootstocks namely sour orange (Citrus aurantum, mion), volkamer lemon (Citrus volkameriana, Tem) and X639 hybrid between (Cleopatra mandarin × Ponicurus trifoliata) grown under saline conditions to study the effect of foliar application of antioxidants namely ascorbic and salicylic acid on vegetative growth and leaf mineral contents. Results showed that, Volkamer lemon rootstock surpassed sour orange and x639 rootstocks under saline conditions, the highest incremental percentage young tree height, stem diameter, number of leaves per shoot and leaf area were registered by Chinese tangarine scion budded on Volkamer lemon rootstock. Among selected antioxidants ascorbic acid at the concentrations of 800 ppm recorded the highest significant values for vegetative growth parameters and surpassed salicylic acid. Also Chinese mandarin scion budded on volkamer lemon accumulated the highest concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus(P), magnesium(Mg), and chloride (Cl-) and the lowest concentration of sodium (Na+). Chinese mandarin scion budded on sour orange rootstock accumulated the highest concentrations of potassium (K) while Chinese tangerine scion budded on x639 accumulated the highest concentrations of sodium (Na).
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15610_a2efd96aeedd82b8086e465ac6a33684.pdf
2018-09-01
459
473
10.21608/ajs.2018.15610
citrus
rootstock
ascorbic acid
Salicylic acid and Saline
I.
Zaky
1
Water Relations Dept., Agriculture and Biological Research Division, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
N.
Abdel Hamid
2
Horticulture Dept. Fac. of Agric. Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
H.
El-Wakeel
3
Horticulture Dept. Fac. of Agric. Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION ON YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF MANGO KEITT CV. TREES GROWN UNDER OPEN FIELD AND SHADING CONDITIONS
This study was carried out during three successive seasons of 2010/2011, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 in a private orchard at 76 km Cairo, Alex. Desert road to investigate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization treatments and shading with white net on yield, and fruit quality of three-years-old mango (Mangifica indica L.) cv. Keitt grafted on sucary seedling rootstocks planted at 2.5×2.5 meters apart grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation system with wells water .This experiment included nine treatments of fertilization: T1= N 80+ K2O 80 Kg/Fed., T2= N 80+ K2O 100 Kg/Fed., T3= N 100+ K2O 80 Kg/Fed., T4= N 100+ K2O 100 Kg/Fed., T5= N 120+ K2O 80 Kg/Fed., T6= N 120+ K2O 100 Kg/Fed.,T7= N 150+ K2O 80 Kg/Fed., T8= N 150+ K2O 100 Kg/Fed. and control (T9) = N 133+ K2O 90 Kg/Fed.. The results cleared that mango Keitt cv. trees grown under white net shading condition significantly increased yield (kg)/ tree, number of fruit set/ panicle, fruit weight, TSS and ascorbic acid content. Trees supplied with 150 Kg/Fed. nitrogen + 100 Kg/Fed. potassium exhibited the highest yield (kg)/tree, number of fruit set/panicle and fruit weight under shade . Moreover, the best fruit peel color was achieved with trees received 100 kg/feddan of nitrogen +100 kg/feddan of potassium and grown under screenhouse conditions during the three studied seasons. The higher significant value of acidity and TSS were recorded in trees supplied by 120 units of nitrogen + 100 units of potassium during first and third season. Whereas, the control treatment attained a maximum ascorbic acid content.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15697_60095e8fd535e480737697fdf07599c9.pdf
2018-09-01
475
489
10.21608/ajs.2018.15697
fertilization
Mango cv. Keitt
nitrogen
potassium
shading
yield
Ola
Satar
1
1- Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Agric., Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
El-Wakeel
2
Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Abd El-Hamid
3
Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Esmail
4
Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Agric., Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECTS OF WATER SALINITY AND EGYPTIAN CLOVER AMENDED SUBSTRATES ON TOMATO TRANSPLANT PRODUCTION
This study was conducted to evaluate the growth of tomato transplants irrigated with saline water in a commercial soilless potting media amended with fermented clover produced by anaerobic fermentation of a mixture of clover and water for different periods (1, 2 and 3 weeks). Treatments were distributed in completely randomized factorial design included three salinity levels in irrigation water (260, 1000 and 2000 mg l-1) without and with fermented clover corresponding to 0, 10, 20 and 30% of the substrate (1peat: 1perlite: 1vermiculite) by volume. Plant height (cm), number of leaves, vegetative fresh and dry weights (g) per plant were recorded 35 days after sowing. The obtained results showed that the mean values of the aforementioned parameters were increased due to the incorporation of clover-based amendment with higher pronounced effect recorded for fermented clover as compared to non-fermented clover. The highest values were obtained due to the incorporation of three weeks fermented clover at 20% mixing percentage followed by 30%. There were significant differences among water salinity treatments; fresh water (260 mg l-1) recorded the highest vegetative growth of tomato transplants. Furthermore, fermented clover alleviated the salt stress on transplants and increased the growth parameters under saline water irrigation. These results suggested that clover can be used for producing organic tomato transplants, instead of imported media, supporting by fermentation to enhance the ability of clover to supplement the transplants with the nutrient needs and cope the salinity condition.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15702_9ff28298ad3136394240c41225f3f0a3.pdf
2018-09-01
491
500
10.21608/ajs.2018.15702
Tomato transplants
clover amendments
fermentation
saline water
A.
Abu-Elela
1
Central Laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring (CLEQM), National Water Research Center (NWRC), El-Kanater El-Kheria, Qalubiya, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
K.
Farrag
2
Central Laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring (CLEQM), National Water Research Center (NWRC), El-Kanater El-Kheria, Qalubiya, Egypt
AUTHOR
U.
El-Behairy
3
Horticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Abdallah
4
Horticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
IMPACT OF IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT AND SILICON SPRAYING ON AVOIDING COLD INJURY AND IMPROVEMENT YIELD OF KITT MANGOS
The present study was carried out during 2015 and 2016 seasons on Kitt mongo trees to evaluate the effect of three irrigation water management (4000 m3 of irrigation water were applied to the four physiological stages of mango tree growth as 15 & 20 & 40 & 25 % , 30 & 15 & 35& 20 % and 35 & 20 & 30& 15 % m3 / tree/ year, respectively) as well as four concentrations of potassium silicate on avoiding cold injury and improvement yield of kitt mango . Irrigation Mango tree by the second program water management (30, 15, 35 , 20) recorded The highest values of vegetative growth in terms of number of shoot /tree and lower values of leaves percentage affected with cold injury, Also, an evident increase in the content leaves of N & K elements , C/N ratio and final fruit set % total yield by divided irrigation water at the four physiological stages of mango trees (30, 15, 35, 20) was recorded compared with the other two water managements. No significant differences between the second and third irrigation water management programs (30%, 15%, 35%, 20% and 35%, 20%, 30%, 15%) on values of leaf area, P% and total carbohydrates as well as on TSS, acidity and L-ascorbic acid content of fruits . Spraying trees with potassium silicate in three times during the period from October to January at the rate of 1000 ppm give the highest values of quality characteristics at mango trees and their fruits. While sprayed with potassium silicate at 2000 ppm achieve moderate values of the mentioned characteristics It could be recommended from the obtained data that irrigation water management at the four physiological stages (30, 15, 35, 20) of Kitt mango trees and spraying 1000 ppm potassium silicate in dormancy period is considered a good treatment to avoid cold damage on leaves and fruits as well as in giving the highest yield and quality of kitt fruit.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15704_4b0bc152eb2fb7a17472463bf5794634.pdf
2018-09-01
501
517
10.21608/ajs.2018.15704
Irrigation water management
potassium silicate
Kitt mongo
Cold injury
Vegetative
Growth
chemical constituents
fruit quality
A.
Gooda
1
Horticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
N.
Abd El-Hamid
2
Horticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Abo-Hadid
3
Horticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
O.
El-Behari
4
Horticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
USING OF SOME ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE TREATMENTS TO IMPROVE THE STORABILITY OF NAVEL ORANGE (CITRUS SINENSIS L.) FRUITS
This investigation was carried out during two successive seasons 2013 and 2014 on fruits of Washington Navel orange (Citrus sinensis L.). The experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of some environmentally safe matural products to improve the storability of Navel orange (citrus sinensis) fruits during 2013 and 2014 seasons, Jojoba oil (1,3,5)%, castor oil (0.5, 1,2)%, yeast (1,2,3)%, seaweed (1,2,3)%, hot water (45ᵒC and commercial wax were used for proposed study, After the application of the treatments on the fruits, fruits were stored at a temperature of 5°±1 C and 90%±5 of relative humidity for 60 days, physical characteristics (weight loss%, decay% and the peel's thickness of the crust) and chemical properties (total phenols) were determined. Results indicated that, castor oil (2 and 1)% and jojoba oil 5% reduced the deterioration in weight loss%, decay%, peel thickness, and phenols content, compared to the content was obtained in control. So the results show that, coating orange fruits with castor oil (1, 2)% and jojoba oil (5)% had the most effective in improve the storability of orange fruits Navel Orange (Citrus sinensis L.).
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15705_daffc3ca669f2bcb929e77b9155ee4a0.pdf
2018-09-01
519
526
10.21608/ajs.2018.15705
Castor oil
Commercial Wax
jojoba oil
Navel orange
Quality fruit
seaweed
yeast
Layla
Tabbara
1
Horticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
N.
Abdel Hameid
2
Horticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Bondok
3
Horticulture Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
USE OF CORN DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES (DDGS) AND FOOTS IN NILE TILAPIA FINGERLINGS DIETS
The aim of this study was to investigate the use of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) (27.11% CP) and Foots (20.84% CP) as corn processing by-products in monosex Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus diets to replace yellow corn as an energy source and its effect on growth performance, nutrients utilization, whole body proximate composition, nutrients digestibility and economic efficiency. Three hundreds and seventy five fingerlings of Nile tilapia (10± 0.05 g) were randomly distributed into 15 circular plastic tanks (1000 L), representing 5 treatments. Isonitrogenous (25 to 25.84%) and isocaloric (4174.79 to 4364.65 Kcal GE/kg) experimental diets were prepared with substitution levels of DDGS 0% (T1), 20% (T2) and 40% (T3) and Foots 20% (T4) and 40% (T5). The experimental period lasted for 18 week. Results showed that both of DDGS and Foots have higher in all measured amino acids content than those in yellow corn except cysteine. Moreover, DDGS and Foots have higher content of linoleic, oleic, stearic and palmitic acids than those in yellow corn. Also DDGS and Foots covered the nutrient requirements of the essential fatty acid linoleic (18:2 ω 6) for Nile tilapia. Feed intake was significantly decreased as corn partially replaced by Foots more than the DDGS. Apparent digestibility coefficient of CP, EE, NFE and energy recorded the highest values for the T4 (75.76, 89.86%, 57.48 and 68.71%), respectively, followed by T3 with significant differences. The increasing in substitution levels of yellow corn by DDGS did not significantly (P˃0.05) had an effect on Nile tilapia performances. However weight gain and specific growth rate SGR were gradually decreased with increasing the substitution levels of Foots. The CP content of Nile tilapia carcass was significantly increased with increasing the substitution levels of DDGS (T3) and Foots (T5). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the fish fed diets T4 (20% Foots) was the best followed by T5 (40% Foots). The cheaper feed cost gain was obtained from T5(40% Foots) followed by T4(20% Foots).
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15958_1a7a56f5368ac27121c3c46385ea5156.pdf
2018-09-01
529
538
10.21608/ajs.2018.15958
Nile tilapia
distillers dried grains with soluble
Foots
Amino acids
fatty acids
digestibility
Growth performance
feed efficiency
Doaa
Fouda
1
Utilization By-Products Dept., Animal Production Research Institute, Agric., Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Khattab
2
Animal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Amer
3
Animal Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
KH.
El-Kholy
4
Utilization By-Products Dept., Animal Production Research Institute, Agric., Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
FEED EFFICIENCY OF URBAN AND PERI-URBAN DAIRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
The study aimed at estimating feed efficiency of milk production systems in Urban and Peri-urban areas in three main provinces in Egypt. The targeted provinces were: Cairo, Giza and Qaloubeya. A questionnaire has been developed to cover the variables related to the production systems. The total number of interviewers was 72, included the districts: Manshiat Elbakary; Saft Elaban and Shalaquan as peri-urban, and Elmarg; Elomrania and Dar Elsalam as urban areas. As a result of the great significant in the selected samples, a typology has processed gathering similarities in two main groups of producers: land-access and landless producers. Three crop-livestock systems have been classified due to the concepts: land capacity and herd size (group 1, 2 and 3). Dairy systems have been identified as two main urban dairy specialized systems (group 4 and 5) oriented to dairy activities. In order to measure feed efficiency for each system were represented in the groups, the most significant obtained results were: the small and the micro crop-livestock producers related land-access producers (group 2 and 3) which have small herd appear to be more efficient in valorizing feed in relation to milk production per head per year, and as well as milk production per feddan allocated to fodder crops. On contrary, the landless producers (group 4 and 5) have the lowest feed efficiency due to the amount of concentrates included in their feed strategy (intensive feeding system) and inability to produce fodders. The large mixed crop-livestock system (group 1) represents an intermediate status that producers cultivate fodders inside farm, but remain low economic efficiency in terms of their intensive feed strategy. The results of the study indicated that the small and the micro crop-livestock (group 2 and 3) achieved the highest feed efficiency regarding milk production in Urban and Peri-urban areas and thus the importance of improving productive performance by creating supposed scenarios or technical packages using simulation systems. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and extension programs are essential in performing records and marketing which help to raise product price as well as producers` income and the Gross Domestic Products (GDP).
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15959_e4aa990003137da0d6279d8dfad88018.pdf
2018-09-01
539
547
10.21608/ajs.2018.15959
Urban
Peri-urban production systems
Dairy production systems
feeding systems
feed efficiency
M.
Elsrogi
1
Animal Production Research Institute. Agric. Research Center. Ministry of Agric. , Dokki, Gi-za, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
El-Wardani
2
Animal Production Research Institute. Agric. Research Center. Ministry of Agric. , Dokki, Gi-za, Egypt
AUTHOR
H.
Elsayed
3
Animal Production Dept. Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
M.
Khorshed
4
Animal Production Dept. Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ADOPTION ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL TECHNOLOGIES BY DAIRY CATTLE SMALLHOLDERS
This study aimed at characterizing nutritional packages adoption by the small dairy farmers under crop-livestock production system. The study is based on quantitative and qualitative statistical analysis. A cross-sectional random survey covered a total of 200 farmers located in 4 governorates Sharqia, Monufia, El-Fayoum, and Minya (50 each). The socio-economic analysis indicated that the illiteracy level was higher (42%) in Minya governorate as compared to others. about half of the households (49%) have been working full time in their farms as farmer this means that they earn their living from agriculture. Family labor represented the highest percentage being 88%, 92%, 80%, and 86% for Sharqia, Monufia, El-Fayoum, and Minya respectively. The results further indicated that farmers who used silage, hay, and green forages, have the highest animal numbers, either from indigenous cows, crossbred cows, buffaloes, sheep, goat, and donkey compared to those who do not use the nutritional packages (non-adopters). The highest percentage of dairy, heifer, fattening, and growing for crossbred cows and buffaloes was detected under silage, hay, and untraditional green forages adopters comparable to those detected under non-adopters. Sharqia governorate had the highest number and consequently percentage of animals followed by El-Fayoum governorate. Silage adopters recorded the highest significant (P<0.05) value of daily milk yield (DMY) and total milk yield (TMY) for indigenous cow, crossbred cow and buffalo as compared to non-adopters. Calving interval significantly (P<0.05) increased for all dairy animals (indigenous cows, crossbred cows, and buffaloes) under non-adopters of nutritional packages being 387, 388.57, and 402 days for the aforementioned animals, respectively. Dairy animals reared under the Nile Delta had the highest significant DMY versus those under the Middle Egypt, where it was 4.05, 8.52, and 7.29 kg vs 3.76, 7.74, and 6.48 kg per day for indigenous cows, crossbred cows, and buffaloes, respectively. In conclusion, adopters of nutritional packages had the highest animal percent and recorded the highest productivity compared to non-adopters.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15960_417a7faa94630aad98861428951ac090.pdf
2018-09-01
549
560
10.21608/ajs.2018.15960
Feed package
technology
Small holders and Socio-economic
Atwa
E.
1
Animal Production Research Institute, Agric. Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Elwardani
2
Animal Production Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Amal
Omar
3
Animal Production Research Institute, Agric. Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
H.
Soliman
4
Animal Production Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENTS OF GREEN CORN STOVER AND STALKS ON DIGESTIBILITY COEFFICIENTS, RUMEN FERMENTATION AND SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS IN SHEEP
This study aimed to investigate the effect of a mixture of (ZAD) and (Lacto bacillus plantarum) on chemical composition of green corn stover and corn stalks and the effect of these treatments in a metabolism trial on digestibility coefficients , rumen fermentation and some blood parameters. One ton of either green corn stover or corn stalks was chopped into (2-3 cm) and its mixed with 0. 5 cubic metre of water or one cubic metre of water, respectively. They were then mixed with 3%w/w molasses and 1.5%w/w urea and incubated for six weeks. The experiment included six treatments, three of them were on green corn stover and the rest were on corn stalks. The treatments on green corn stover were as follows: (T1) Untreated green corn stover (control). (T2) corn stover + lactobacillus palantarum + ZAD (2litres of ZAD + 1 liter of lactobacillus palantarum / 1ton). (T3) corn stover + ZAD ( 2 liters of ZAD/ 1 ton). The treatments on corn stalks were as follows: (T4) Untreated corn stalks (control). (T5) corn stalks + lactobacillus palantarum+ ZAD (2litres of ZAD +1 liter of lactobacillus palantarum /1ton) (T6) corn stalks + ZAD (2 liters of ZAD/ 1 ton). Eighteen Ossimi male lambs were divided to six group rations for 15 days in metabolism trials. Results indicated that biological treatment on T2 and T3 treatments on green stover and T5 and T6 on dry corn stalks decreased CF and NDF, ADF, ADL contents and increased CP content compared to the control. Feeding lambs on treated green corn stover or treated dry corn stalks significantly (P<0.05) improved all of nutrients digestibility compared with those fed on control. The nutritive values as TDN, DCP and N balance for lambs fed treated green stover or treated dry corn stalks showed significant(P<0.05) higher than those fed untreated and it had the same trend of nutrient digestibility . Adding lactobacillus palantarum + ZAD improved digestion coefficients of nutrients and TDN values compared with control. Results of blood parameter indicated that T2 of green corn stover and T5 of corn stalks had a significant (P<0.05) effect on (Tp, Alb, Glb, A/G) compared to the control and T3 of corn stover and T6 of corn stalks. All values of plasma ALT and AST for all treatments were in normal rang where all treatments had no effect on ALT. However, T2 of green corn stover and T5 of corn stalks had a significant (P<0.05) effect on AST compared to the control and T3 of corn stover and T6 of corn stalks. All values of plasma creatinine and urea for biological treatments appeared to significant(P<0.05) higher values. However, these values were in normal range. Results of rumen parameters indicated that all treatments had no effect on pH and NH3-N. On the other hand T2 of green corn stover and T5 of corn stalks significantly (P<0.05) increased TVF'S. Generally, Adding enzyme with or without lactobacillus to green corn stover or dry corn stalks tended to improved nutrient components , digestibility coefficients, feeding values and nitrogen balance with no adverse effect of animal health .
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15961_b2e3b6287e4f533059ade26110ea72ce.pdf
2018-09-01
561
571
10.21608/ajs.2018.15961
Corn stalks
corn stover
silage
biological treatment
Cellulose enzymes
ZAD
Hanan
Saad
1
Animal Production Research Institute, Agric. Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Gado
2
Animal Productions Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
T.
Draz
3
Animal Production Research Institute, Agric. Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
H.
Metwally
4
Animal Productions Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF SEASON ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNITY TRAITS IN RABBITS
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of season on growth performance traits, leptin hormone concentration and gene expression for innate immunity in response to vaccination against pasteurellosis. A Total of 384 weaned rabbits were used in this study. They were from females of APRI line, a local population. Rabbits weaned at 33-35 days and introduced in the experiment at weaning. Arbitrarily, weight at beginning was considered as the "5 weeks" weight. All rabbits were weighed every 7 days and the feed consumption measured at the same weekly interval until all rabbits were 12 weeks old. Leptin hormone level in serum was assayed. Vaccination with Pasteurella multocida was studied in a challenge experiment. Gene expressions for interleukin-6 (IL-6) and toll-like receptor-4 (TR4) were assayed by Real Time-PCR. Parameters of the antioxidant status were included reactive oxygen species, (ROS) expressed as H2O2, Lipid Peroxide, expressed as malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase. Blood samples were taken at 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age, respectively. The body weights in winter at W5, W8and W12 of age were higher than those in others seasons. Season had a significant (P≤0.05) influence on daily gain and feed intake. Season had no significant influence on Leptin hormone level in growing rabbits. Vaccination with Pasteurellamultocida led to an increase in gene expression for IL-6 in autumn and winter. Expression for IL-6 in spring has the lowest values. Gene expression of TR4 in rabbits under different seasons was not significantly different. It is can cluded that vaccination by Pasteurellamultocida needs some additives to enhance immunity especially during summer and spring seasons.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15963_12dad15b7245866060a9a08a55a68ecf.pdf
2018-09-01
573
579
10.21608/ajs.2018.15963
Age
Gene expression
immunity
Rabbits
season
Yasmein
Abdel-Ghafar
1
Rabbits Dept., Animal Production Research Institute, Agric. Research Center, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
I.
El-Wardany
2
Poultry Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Marwa
Abdo
3
Poultry Production Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Samah
Darwish
4
Biotechnology Dept., Al-Haram Reproduction Institute, Agric. Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
E.
Abd El-Kafy
5
Rabbits Dept., Animal Production Research Institute, Agric. Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
INFLUENCE OF α-AMYLASE AND ASCORBIC ACID COMBINATION ON EXTENSOGRAPH OF WEAK WHEAT FLOUR DOUGH AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF PAN BREAD
The response of different concentrations of α-amylase and ascorbic acid on rheological characteristics of weak wheat flour was studied by the three dimension polynomial quaternary model. Flour physicochemical characteristics, dough extensogram, bread texture profile analysis and sensory properties of pan bread were determined. All-purpose flour was treated by fungal α-amylase and ascorbic acid compared with strong flour which using for pan bread production, and then investigates differences of dough extensograms and pan bread quality characteristics. Predicting individual extensograph parameters (Y) was assumed by quadratic polynomial regression model for the independent variables (fungal α-amylase concentrations or ascorbic acid concentrations (X)) to optimize the extensograph parameters (Y) used regression analysis. Three-dimension contour plot was used as a method to study the response surface of different extensograph parameters (Y) as dependent variables with fungal α-amylase concentration and ascorbic acid concentration (X and Z) as independent variables. The obtained optimum predicting concentrations were verified, by using applied extensograph trials and then manufacturing pan bread. Using optimal predictive fungal α-amylase and ascorbic acid concentration levels give accepted extensogram parameters relationship r2 values and good pan bread quality, fit to the strong flour characteristics.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15964_1a5efcb52fdfd858527d422cd96c48ea.pdf
2018-09-01
581
598
10.21608/ajs.2018.15964
Pan bread
Weak flour
α-amylase
Ascorbic acid and Extensogram
M.
Shebl
yasser_keshk@agr.asu.edu.eg
1
Food Science Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Y.
Kishk
2
Food Science Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Abd El-Fatah
3
Food Science Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
E.
Yousif
4
Food Science Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR SELECTING THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF DRIP IRRIGATION CONTROL UNIT
The good design of irrigation system is one of the main steps of extent the life of the irrigation system, as well as increase the cultivated crop productivity by choosing the proper components of irrigation system control head unit ( such as pump, motor, filters, main line pipe, fertilization device, and the different control unit attachements). Different types of control unit components are used according to the system conditions for irrigation of agricultural areas. It is very difficult to find an expert at desired time and desired place for choosing correct control unit which are varied in different types and models. In this study, this problem was to be tried to solve by designing of an expert system for choosing proper components of control unit in irrigation network. A rule-based program named TSDI-ES (Technical Specification of Drip Irrigation-Expert System) was coded and compiled using Microsoft visual basic 2013 language. Generally, the expert system database obtained from commonly used all components of control unit in irrigation network in Egypt. selection of all components of control head unit in irrigation network were determined by taking into consideration the following parameters: water resource, irrigation methods, irrigation area, crop pattern, climate, soil properties, and well characteristics. Results of the investigation indicated that it is possible to use the TSDI-ES rule-based program for choosing all proper components of control head unit in drip irrigation network such as pump, filtration unit, fertilizers devices, and flow, pressure measuerement and control devices.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15965_8b76a622821128db141760e7e558377d.pdf
2018-09-01
601
609
10.21608/ajs.2018.15965
Expert Systems
control head unit components
technical specifications and drip irrigation
Samar
Ragab
1
Water Relations and Field Irrigation Dept., National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
El-Gindy
2
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Y.
Arafa
3
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Maybelle
Gaballah
4
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EVALUATION OF CANOLA BIODIESEL PURIFICATION FOR ITS USING AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR DIESEL FUEL IN RURAL COMMUNITIES
The aim of this study was biodiesel purification with different methods beyond water by using different materials was used for this purpose. A large amount of biodiesel was produced from canola oil as source of oil therefore methanol alcohol had been added with potassium hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst. After 8 hours, biodiesel was separated from glycerol where glycerol was under the biodiesel using gravity. To purify biodiesel from remains of glycerol, water and alcohol, some materials filled two filters. Materials were rice husk grind, bagasse grind, saw dust, magnesium silicate and water. The results showed that the water, methanol and glycerol contents were 0.04, 0.01 and 0.23% respectively with using grind bagasse, but they were 0.2, 0.03 and 0.24% respectively with using water in purification process. So the bagasse grind was better than other materials in purification process of canola biodiesel.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15966_bb98077c3e1efc851e45fb63835eacf9.pdf
2018-09-01
611
618
10.21608/ajs.2018.15966
Canola Biodiesel
Producing Biodiesel from Canola
Biodiesel Purification
Purification Using Organic Materials
M.
El-Wehishy
1
Power and Energy Researches Dept., Agric. Engineering Research Institute, Agric. Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Mostafa
2
Agricultural Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Moussa
3
Power and Energy Researches Dept., Agric. Engineering Research Institute, Agric. Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
El-Nono
4
Agricultural Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF ROSEMARY EXTRACTS ON DIABETIC AND LIVER MALFUNCTIONAL RATS
rosemary and its oil were used to investigate their effects on diabetic and liver malfunctional rats by administrating them with STZ or CCl4 for three weeks. The therapeutic effects of rosemary extracts (alcoholic and aqueous) and its oil against acute hyperglycemia induced by STZ in rats showed a decrease in the levels of fasting and postprandial blood glucose of rats treated with alcoholic extract of rosemary. In addition, results showed a restoration of these levels of the rats treated with aqueous extract or oil to their normal ranges after 3 weeks. There is a significant difference in lipid profile between rats treated with alcoholic or aqueous extracts and the negative control, where, the HDL in group administrated rosemary oil is significantly higher than both positive and negative control. The protective effects of rosemary extracts (alcoholic and aqueous) and its oil against liver toxicity induced by CCl4 in rats showed a significant difference between both (negative and positive control) and the activity of AST and ALT in the rats treated by alcoholic and aqueous extracts of rosemary. The protective effects of the plant extracts against liver toxicant occurred by decreasing the activities of these enzymes. Oil rosemary had restored effect more than both ethanolic and aqueous extracts, but not significant. This protective effect occurred by decreasing the activities of AST, ALT and Alp enzymes. No significant (p≤0.05) differences were noticed among the levels of serum total protein for all treatments compared to the negative and positive controls. The levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides recorded high values for the positive controls compared to the negative control. The protective effects of rosemary extracts against liver toxicant occurred by restoring the levels of these parameters to their normal values.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15967_d5246e3eeda9544ca47556e3187d572f.pdf
2018-09-01
621
632
10.21608/ajs.2018.15967
Carbon tetrachloride
hyperglycemia
liver toxicity
rosemary
streptozotocin
Nada
Elshaer
1
Agricultural Biochemistry Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
K.
Ramadan
2
Agricultural Biochemistry Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
F.
Moawad
3
Agricultural Biochemistry Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
R.
Attallah
4
Agricultural Biochemistry Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hanan
El-Ghandour
5
Biology lab. Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
MICROPROPAGATION AND START CODON TARGETED CHARACTERIZATION OF FOUR STEVIA CULTIVARS IN EGYPT
calorie crop and commercially used as a non-caloric sweetener for diabetic patients. It is also used as cosmetic ingredient, pickling agent, and dentifrice. Four cultivars (Spantia, Shou2A3, China, and High Sugar) of stevia were included to optimize in vitro micropropagation. Four different combinations of hormonal treatments were investigated [6-benzylamino purine (BAP) + Kinetin (Kin) (0.25 + 0.25 mg/l); Forchloefenuron (Cppu) + Kin (0.25 + 0.25 mg/l); Cppu+ Kin (0.5+0.25 mg/l); and the control medium (hormone-free)]. Out of the different media components, the hormone-free medium produced the best performance of explants. The analysis of variance showed that the control treatment was the most significant for all traits except the number of branches per cutting. Hardening of rooted plants was performed in plastic pots with 70% survival percentage during acclimatization. Molecular characterization, of the four stevia cultivars, was conducted using 11 SCoT primers. The SCoT analysis resulted in 122 amplicons, of which, 62 amplicons (51%) were polymorphic. The range of polymorphism was between 6 % and 91 %. The range of polymorphic amplicons per primer was between one and 12 amplicons. The SCoT-16 produced the highest number of polymorphic bands (12). Meanwhile, the SCoT-24 produced the least polymorphism (6 %). The current study provides a new micropropagation system with low cost, high efficiency, and hormone-free application. Additionally, the study provides the first molecular characterization of stevia using SCoT marker system. Finally, SCoT markers associated with cultivars having high and low contents of stevioside can further be validated by marker-assisted breeding studies.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15968_af7b54b25f29008eb3fe9695cfe48aef.pdf
2018-09-01
635
645
10.21608/ajs.2018.15968
MS medium
Non-caloric sweetener
Stevia rebaudiana
micropropagation
SCoT marker
CPPU
Kin
BAP
Reham
Abd ElHamid
rehamezz78@gmail.com
1
Tissue culture Dept., Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agric. Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Abd ElTawab
2
Genetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Abdel Razik
3
Genetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Allam
4
Tissue culture Dept., Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agric. Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
ELDoliefy
5
Plant Molecular Biology Dept., Agric. Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
INFLUENCE OF YEAST EXTRACT ON GENE EXPRESSION OF CRWRKY1 AS A REGULATORY GENE IN ALKALOIDS PATHWAY IN CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (L.) G. DON
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is a medicinal plant rich in many alkaloids that are used in treatment of many diseases. It is unique in the production of vinblastine and vincristine compounds, which are used in treatment of several cancers. There are many genes in the biosynthesis pathway that produce these anti-cancer compounds, including the gene Crwrky1 which is a regulatory gene that codes for the transcription factor in the monoterpene indole alkaloid (MIA) pathway. In this study, the effect of yeast extract on crwrky1 gene expression levels from treated calli was studied. Quantitative RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) using SYBR Green I/ROX was used to analyze the changes in the expression level of this gene in response to different treatments of yeast extract. Crwrky1 expression increased to 3.6 folds in treated callus obtained under 0.4 mg/l yeast elicitor for 4 hours (YE2) treatment to compare with the control (untreated) callus.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15997_b263c8012702ec71d20b0441e9522f85.pdf
2018-09-01
647
654
10.21608/ajs.2018.15997
Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus)
Yeast extract (YE)
Crwrky1 regulatory gene
Monoterpene indole alkaloid (MIAs)
Mona
Moghazee
1
Genetic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fatma
Badway
2
Genetic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Rania
Younis
3
Genetic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
S.
Hassanein
4
Genetic Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
APPLIED STUDY OF MICROBIOLOGICAL HAZARDS IN RAW MILK SOFT WHITE CHEESE IN EGYPT
Raw milk Domiati cheese is the main soft white pickled cheese produced in Egypt. The objective of this study was to assess the microbiological hazards, physiochemical quality and safety of some raw Domiati cheese subtypes including Double Cream, Tallaga, Baramely and Istanbully. The cheese samples were randomly collected from different cheese retailers in Cairo. The results indicated that the protein content and fat content were high in Double cream cheese. The pH value was low in Baramely cheese. Total solid, ash, and EC were high in Istanbully cheese because it is high salt level. Also, results indicated high microbiological hazards. the cheese samples were highly contaminated, having microbial load exceeding the acceptable limits such as: Total bacterial count, Total coliform, Fecal E. coli and yeast & molds. Pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Campylobacter jejuni) were detected in three cheese samples. Except Istanbully cheese sample were found free of most pathogenic bacteria. A high microbial load of the cheese samples present a public health hazard to the consumers and emphasize the need for improving hygienic standard. Microbiological hazards must be limited to the stander limit of food safety. Raw milk soft white cheese must be manufactured according to hygienic standard.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15998_e2f470ede21d568127dbfea1357bb1a4.pdf
2018-09-01
657
666
10.21608/ajs.2018.15998
Raw milk soft white cheese
Domaiti cheese
Pathogenic bacteria
Microbiological hazards
Maha
Lotfy
1
Agricultural Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
O.
Aita
2
Food Science Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Enas
Hassan
3
Agricultural Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Azhar
Elsayed
4
Agricultural Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EVALUATION OF RECOMBINANT AVIAN INFLUENZA COMPARED TO INACTIVATED VACCINES TO INDUCE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN CHICKEN
The present Avian Influenza epidemic in Egypt is consider one of the major problems facing the poultry field and caused by circulation of genetically and antigenetically diverse influenza H5N1 viruses. This problem is controlled by applying vaccination. The objective was to determine the AI H5 recombinant vaccines efficacy (rHVT-H5, rFP-AI-H5 (Scotland and Ireland), k rND-AI and k rBuc-AI+ND) against classical and variant field HPAI H5N1 viruses in comparison to the traditionally inactivated whole AI virus vaccines as K R H5N1 / Egy, k H5N2 and k combined AI+ND vaccines. A single dose of the different types of vaccines either recombinant or inactivated whole virus vaccines was administered at different ages of chicken. Eight chicken groups were vaccinated with 8 vaccines and challenged after 4 weeks post vaccination to measure the protection %. Fecal and tracheal swabs were taken after 2 day post challenge to detect viral shedding. It was found that, live rFP-AI-H5 of both Scotland and Ireland strains induced poor clinical protection with high level of virus shedding. While, inactivated rND-AI, live rHVT-H5 and inactivated rBuc-AI+ND vaccines induced high protection rates ranged from 86.7% to 93.3% against both classical and variant HPAI viruses with a decrease or suppression of viruses shedding. In a parallel way, the inactivated whole virus AI vaccines either K R H5N1 / Egy, k H5N2 or k AI+ND induced a protection rates ranged from 85.7% to 100% with a high decrease in virus shedding levels. The data clearly indicate that inactivated whole AI virus and inactivated recombinant vaccines confers high levels of clinical protection with suppression in viral shedding compared to that of live recombinant vaccines except rHVT-H5 vaccine which induce a great level of protection and decrease in viral shedding in SPF chicken.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15999_6d76b4e497ff0890d530f6f7ec52437b.pdf
2018-09-01
667
678
10.21608/ajs.2018.15999
Avian influenza
Recombinant vaccines
HI
HPAI
shedding
Real-Time RT-PCR
Dalia
Omar
1
The Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics (CLEVB), Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
K.
El-Dougdoug
2
Agric. Microbiology Dept. (Virology Lab.), Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
B.
Othman
3
Agric. Microbiology Dept. (Virology Lab.), Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
APPLICATION OF SALMONELLA PHAGE COCKTAIL TO CONTROL SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM IN VITRO
Members of the genus Salmonella are among the microbial pathogens associated with dangerous infection. The increased of Salmonella spp. antibiotic resistance has propelled the need of alternate therapeutic methods or strategies. Bacteriophage forms one of these alternate strategies. Six lytic bacteriophages infecting Salmonella Typhimurium were isolated from sewage drain water. Phages were purified biologically by single plaque assay and concentrated using the ultracentrifugation. The phage isolates were named Ø SM, Ø SF, Ø SG, Ø SP, Ø SA and Ø SD. Morphological characters of Salmonella phages showed that all the phage isolates belong to family Myoviridae. All phage isolates were highly stable at room temperature, storage at refrigerator temperature and had thermal inactivation point ranged from 90 to 98 °C. Phages were stable at pH conditions ranging from pH 4 to 12. Phages did not lose their infectivity after exposure to UV for 90 min. at 35 cm and 53 cm distance. The host range of the isolated phages was found that the phages had narrow host range. Phage cocktail with different MOI was used to control Salmonella Typhimurium in vitro. Data revealed that addition of phage cocktail at MOI 10 reduced the Salmonella cells with rate 98.2 % after 4 hrs. from addition. introduction Salmonella spp. belong to family Enterobacteriaceae and widely distributed in nature and often found in the intestinal tract of warm-blooded animals and humans,where they asymptomatically colonize and multiply (Newell & Fearnley, 2003 and Doyle & Erickson, 2006). More than 2,500 serotypes of Salmonella exist and the most prevalent and important Salmonella enterica serotypes reported worldwide are Enteritidis and Typhimurium. These are responsible for 99 % of Salmonellosis in humans and warm-blooded animals. The most common symptoms of Salmonella infection is non-bloody diarrhea and abdominal cramps (Bell and Kyriakides, 2002). Due to foodborne infections by Salmonella are obtained through ingesting contaminated food or water, (Abd El-Aziz, 2013 ) detected high incidence of Salmonella Typhimurium , one of the most frequently isolated serovars from food borne outbreaks throughout the world, in retail raw chicken meat and giblets in Egypt. Bacteriophages are considered an effective weapon against pathogenic bacteria. As a result of development resistant bacteria against antibiotics because of their repeated usage, bacteriophages are used as a safe alternative to control pathogenic bacteria (Abramia et al 2016). In addition, offer a great advantage over antibiotics. First, bacteriophages are specific and target only the pathogens of interest, so the normal gut microflora are not affected. Second, bacteriophages are self-replicating in the bacterial host and lyse bacteria. (Connerton and Connerton, 2005). This paper aims to investigate the incidence of lytic bacteriophages specific for Salmonella in sewage water and study the posibility of their application for controling the Salmonella in vitro.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_16000_8685fee8c194cc33c6ee9a0469ea35ed.pdf
2018-09-01
679
688
10.21608/ajs.2018.16000
Salmonella typhimurium
Sewage drain water
lytic bacteriophages
phage properties and biological control
Yasmer
Hussein
1
Agricultural Microbiology Dept. Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kh.
El-Dougdoug
2
Agricultural Microbiology Dept. Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
B.
Othman
3
Agricultural Microbiology Dept. Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EVALUATION OF SOME FUNGICIDES AND BIOCONTROL AGENTS FOR CONTROLLING OF ALTERNARIA ROT ON CITRUS FRUITS
In this study, chemical and bio-control agents were evaluated for their efficiency to control of citrus fruit-rot disease caused Alternaria citri (K2) both, in vitro and in vivo trials. The most effective fungicides were score, montro and Iprodione compared with other fungicides depend on Ec50 and Ec90. While, the fungicide Pyraclostrobine had moderate effect on linear growth of A. citri. Meanwhile, the Coprax, Coprareekh and Azoxystrobine were the least effective fungicide at Ec90. Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis tested showed antagonistic action effect to a highly pathogenic isolate of Alternaria citri, with different degrees of inhibition. T. harzianum was the most effective compared with B. subtilis, in vitro trials. Also, all fungicides were evaluated on incidence of citrus fruit rot disease in vivo trials. The disease incidence was reduced, but with different degrees. In addition, using T. harzianum, B. subtilis, B. megaterium (Bio-ARC) and Trichoderma album (Bio-Zeid) decreased incidence of citrus fruit rot disease. On the other side, T. harzianum showed the highest suppressive effect against citrus fruit rot pathogen. Generally, all tested fungicides and bio-agents were effective against the causal fungus in vitro and in vivo trials, but with different degrees.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_16001_1bde37a45f9cc403ec41dec509fa3bd0.pdf
2018-09-01
691
699
10.21608/ajs.2018.16001
citrus
fruit-rot
chemical control
biological control and Alternaria citri
A.
Shehata
1
Fruit and Wood Trees Res. Dis. Dept., Plant Pathology Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Mohammed
2
Fruit and Wood Trees Res. Dis. Dept., Plant Pathology Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Mosa
3
Plant Pathology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ. Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Ali
4
Plant Pathology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ. Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ЕFFЕCT OF SOMЕ ЕSSЕNTIAL OILS ON GRЕY MOULD, CAUSЕD BY Botrytis cinеrеa ON TABLЕ GRAPЕ AT COLD-STORAGЕ
Еssеntial oils (ЕOs) from cinnamon (Cinnamon zylanicum), clovе (Syzygium aromaticum) camphor (Еucalyptus globulus), and rockеt (Еruca sativa), wеrе еvaluatеd for thеir botryocidal еffеct. In-vitro, Botrytis cinеrеa was еxposеd to 4 diffеrеnt concеntrations of ЕOs, using thrее diffеrеnt tеchniquеs, i.е. amеndеd mеdium, vapourisation, and volatilising. Cinnamon and clovе ЕOs wеrе thе highеst tеstеd concеntrations found to bе thе most еffеctivе in all tеchniquеs which complеtеly inhibitеd 100% of radial growth for B. cinеrеa in vitro. A post-harvеst trial to control grеy mould on grapе bunchеs of Flamе sееdlеss and Supеrior sееdlеss cvs. were conductеd using cinnamon and clovе oils in sеasons 2014 and 2015. Both of the two ЕOs wеrе usеd at concеntrations of 25, 50 and 100 µL./L-1air v/v, еxposеd as vapour trеatmеnt significantly supprеssеd grеy mould during thе cold-storagе. Thеrе was not a significancе diffеrеncеs obsеrvеd among both ЕOs trеatmеnts. Howеvеr, cinnamon at 100 µL.1L-1air v/v was thе most еffеctivе trеatmеnt to control grеy mould of both grapе cultivars
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_16002_5cfcf25e19102f96380501ef65683083.pdf
2018-09-01
701
711
10.21608/ajs.2018.16002
Post-Harvеst
Grapе vinе
Botrytis bunch rot
Botrytis cinеrеa
Еssеntial oils
Cinnamon
clovе
A.
Al-Essawy
1
Postharvеst Disеasеs Rеsеarch Dept., Plant Pathology Rеsеarch Institutе, Agric. Rеsеarch Cеntrе (ARC), Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
I.
Rashid
2
Postharvеst Disеasеs Rеsеarch Dept., Plant Pathology Rеsеarch Institutе, Agric. Rеsеarch Cеntrе (ARC), Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Mosa
3
Plant Pathology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Ali
4
Plant Pathology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
CONTROL OF ANGULAR BACTERIAL LEAF SPOT DISEASE OF WATERMELON USING ADVANCED COPPER COMPOSITES
Angular leaf spot, caused by P. syringae, is one of the most important bacterial disease of watermelon. For disease management, growers rely on copper bactericides, which are effective after the first two weeks of transplanting, while they couldn’t be applied before that due to the high phytotoxicity they may cause to the plant. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antibacterial activity of three new copper composites, core-shell copper (CS-Cu), multivalent copper (MV-Cu), and fixed quaternary ammonium copper (FQ-Cu), as potential treatments to control the disease before the emergence of the first true leaf where copper is not available, and to identify the possibility of applying the newly designed copper composites during that period to significantly reduce secondary dispersal of disease inoculum. In vitro, 50 μg/ml of metallic copper from MV-Cu and FQ-Cu significantly reduced the P. syringae populations after 2hrs of exposure compared to the untreated control (P= 0.05) and were more effective than using the Kocide® 3000. Greenhouse studies demonstrated that MV-Cu and FQ-Cu significantly reduced the disease incidence compared to both Mankozeb+ Kocide® 3000 and untreated control when using the seed inoculation method. In contrast, none of the nano-composites significantly reduced disease incidence when using the spray inoculation method. MV-Cu and FQ-Cu managed to significantly reduce seedling to seedling disease transmission under greenhouse conditions (P = 0.05). This study highlights that copper composites have the potential to manage P. syringae in the first two weeks of transplanting and reducing the contamination rate from infected to healthy transplants
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_16003_18f180231478c3e9535303df45dbc8bf.pdf
2018-09-01
713
723
10.21608/ajs.2018.16003
Angular leaf spot
Pseudomonas syringae
Kocide 3000
Watermelon
M.
Ebrahim
1
Plant Pathology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Wafaa
Abd El-Sayed
2
Plant Pathology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
N.
Abd El-Ghafar
3
Plant Pathology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
M.
Paret
4
Plant Pathology Dept., North Florida Research and Education Center, Univ. of Florida, Quincy, FL., USA.
AUTHOR
M.
Young
5
Chemistry Dept., Nano Science Technology Center, Materials Sci. and Engineering and Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
AUTHOR
S.
Santra
6
Chemistry Dept., Nano Science Technology Center, Materials Sci. and Engineering and Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
AUTHOR
J.
Jones
7
Plant Pathology Dept., Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL., USA.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DESERT LOCUST, SCHISTOCERCA GREGARIA (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) TO BACILLUS CEREUS ISOLATED FROM EGYPT
Examination was done at preliminary bracketing bioassay on one old 4th nymphal instar of desert locust. Results showed that two isolates, namely NDL1 and NDL2 were having highly potentiality as entomopathogenic bioagents. Thirty isolates were isolated from dead/ infected nymphs of desert locust occurred in raring cages at Department of Locust and Grasshoppers Research, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. Molecular identification of isolated bacteria was done using universal primers of 16s rRNA, followed by DNA sequencing. Nucleotides were blasted at (https://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov /genbank/) to recognize that NDL1 and NDL2 isolates were two different isolates of Bacillus cereus with a high similarity (100%). Susceptibility of 4th nymphal instar of Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal) to the isolated B. cereus was determined using two bioassay procedures, Leaf-dip and per os. The insecticidal activity of both isolates against locust nymph in leaf dipping showed that NDL2 was more efficient than NDL1. However, the opposite trend was observed in using per os. Both Isolates have the potential to be a successful biocidal agent to control desert locust.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_16005_d60b4d77ba385c556dc0ae33c2e975ab.pdf
2018-09-01
725
734
10.21608/ajs.2018.16005
Schistocerca gregaria
biological control
entomopathogenic bacteria
16S rRNA genes
M.
Reda
1
Locust and Grasshoppers Research Dept., Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric.
LEAD_AUTHOR
T.
Mashtoly
2
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
M.
El-Zemaity
3
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
A.
Abolmaaty
4
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
G.
Abdelatef
5
Locust and Grasshoppers Research Dept., Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Research Centre. Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Marzouk
6
Microbiological Resources Centre (MIRCEN), Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EVALUATION OF FOOD TYPE INTRODUCED TO THE HONEYBEE COLONIES ON CONTAMINATION OF EXTRACTED HONEY WITH MICROORGANISMS
The aim of the present work to study the effect of foodtypes (sugar syrup fortified with Garlic (Allium sativum), Lemon (Citrus limon), Garlic plus Lemon), pollen grains and plain sugar syrup (1:1)) on contamination of honey with bacteria, fungi and yeasts. The data indicated that application of sugar syrup plus extracts of garlic, lemon, garlic plus lemon or bee pollen led to decrease population of bacteria, fungi and yeasts compared with control treatment (plain sugar syrup 1:1). The fungi were the least population in all the treatments compared with bacteria and yeasts, meanwhile population of bacteria were moderately and the yeasts were the most occurrence. Garlic plus lemon treatment was the most effective against population of microorganisms, but garlic and lemon separate were moderately effective and bee pollen treatment was the least effective compared with other treatments. According to isolation and identification procedures, three bacterial species (Bacillus brevis, Bacillus cereus and Clostridium botulism), four fungal species (Aspergillus apis, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp. and Penicillium sp.) and three yeasts species (Debaromyces sp., Lipomyces sp. and Saccharomyces sp.) were determined according to cultural, morphological and physiological characters. Cladosporium botulism bacterium was the most frequency compared with other bacteria species, but Aspergillus apis fungus was the most frequency compared with other fungi species and Lipomyces sp. was the most frequency compared with other yeasts.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_16006_c5fef3fbcfd1b8c88b88b516c06dbc6a.pdf
2018-09-01
735
742
10.21608/ajs.2018.16006
Honey
Contamination
microorganisms
Bacteria
fungi
yeasts
Plant extracts
Rawdaa
Khalil
1
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
El-Sherif
2
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
N.
Abd-Elgfar
3
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
QUINOA AS A NEW LEAFY VEGETABLE CROP IN EGYPT
The present work was aimed to evaluate Chenopodium quinoa cultivar CICA (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. cv. CICA), in field experiments, as a new and non-traditional leafy crop in Egypt under saline (ECe 17.9 dSm-1) and non-saline (ECe 1.9 dSm-1) soil conditions. Production of biomass, some morphological, physiochemical and yield components traits were estimated at 40 days from sowing date. Biomass production of young quinoa shoot under saline soil was significantly higher by 25% than non-saline soil. Quinoa plants cultivated under saline soil also showed significant high performances for most of morphological traits. Although salinity led to accumulate Na+ concentrations in the leaves by six folds higher than that found in the leaves produced under non-saline soil conditions, but no significant reduction has been observed for K+ concentrations. Moreover, salinity was significantly increased magnesium concentrations in quinoa leaves. On the other hand, no significant increase has been detected of proline or total soluble carbohydrates concentrations in leaves of quinoa grown under saline soil as compared to non-saline soil. This clearly indicated that quinoa plants, during early growth stage, tended to utilize inorganic ions rather than organic solutes to regulate its osmotic potential under saline conditions. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid concentrations were significantly decreased under saline soil. Also, concentrations of crude fiber, crude fat and iron in the leaves of quinoa plants grown under saline soil conditions were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, salinity has no significant influence on crude protein concentrations. These results revealed that the quinoa has the ability to grow and produce considerable high leafy vegetable yield with good quality, in terms of high protein, in land unsuitable for conventional vegetable crops.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_16007_279897521f680f0ccff9dbb2ce1d9c75.pdf
2018-09-01
745
753
10.21608/ajs.2018.16007
Chenopodium quinoa
salinity
leafy vegetable crop
quantity and quality traits
A.
El-Naggar
1
Agricultural Botany Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Hussin
2
Agricultural Botany Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
E.
Abd El-Samad
3
Vegetable Crop Research Dept., Agriculture and Biological Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
S.
Eisa
4
Agricultural Botany Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF RICE STRAW AND APPLICATIONS OF POTASSIUM SILICATE, POTASSIUM HUMATE AND SEAWEED EXTRACT ON GROWTH AND SOME MACRONUTRIENTS OF SWEET PEPPER PLANTS UNDER IRRIGATION DEFICIT
growing seasons of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, in a private farm at El-Salheya El-Gedida City, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, to investigate the effect of rice straw (RS) as alternative to sandy soil (SS) and drenching applications of potassium humate (K2-HA) at 2 g/l, potassium silicate (K2SiO3) at 5 g/l, and seaweed extract (SWE) at 0.5 g/l on improving growth of sweet pepper (capsicum annuum L.) plants under deficit irrigation every 2 (I2), 3 (I3) and 4 (I4) days in addition to daily irrigation (I1) as control. Plant samples were taken at 90 days after transplanting to record leaf area, shoot fresh and dry weights, in addition to, determination of leaf relative water content (LRWC), concentrations of N, P, K and Ca. Mean values of drenching applications showed significant increase in the growth parameters ;shoot fresh and dry weights, leaf area, LRWC, as well as, concentrations of N, P and Ca in the two seasons comparing to untreated control and the best results were due to K2-HA followed by SWE then K2SiO3. The highest concentration of K was obtained by K2SiO3 followed by K2-HA then SWE. Plants were grown on RS showed significant increase in LRWC comparing to plants were grown on SS. Plants were applied with I2+ K2-HA+ SS showed the highest significant value of shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, leaf area, N, P and Ca concentrations followed by I2+SWE+SScomparing to control plants applied with I1+ SS without drenching applications. Plants were grown on RS showed significant increase in growth parameters comparing with control plants but less than those were grown on SS. The best results were achieved by I3 + K2-HA+ RS, I3 + SWE+ RS, I4 + K2-HA+ RS. Plants were grown on rice strawunderI3 irrigation and applied with K2-HA or SWE showed significant increase in N, P and Ca concentrations, while, under I4 irrigation an increase in N and P concentrations was obtained by K2-HA.The highest concentrations of k were observed with plants grown on SS under the highest level of irrigation deficit I4 by K2SiO3.It could be concluded from the present study that rice straw could alleviate the negative effect of low water supply and applications of K2-HA and SWE are recommended for enhancing sweet pepper growth and nutrient elements uptake under water deficit conditions.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_16008_77cfef1314f957449062a49400a536fc.pdf
2018-09-01
755
773
10.21608/ajs.2018.16008
sweet pepper
Irrigation Deficit
rice straw
potassium silicate
potassium humate
seaweed extract
Growth
N
P
K
CA
Nesma
Youssif
1
Plant Adaption Unit-Genetic Resource Dept., Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Osman
2
Agric. Botany Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Y.
Salama
3
Plant Adaption Unit-Genetic Resource Dept., Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Sanaa
Zaghlool
4
Agric. Botany Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR