ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
العائد الاقتصادي لتدوير الناتج الثانوي لأهم المحاصيل الزراعية لإنتاج الکومبوست
استهدفت الدراسة دراسة الجوانب المختلفة التي تحيط بإنتاج النواتج الثانوية الزراعية وکيفية تدوير هذه النواتج بحيث يصبح لها مردوداً اقتصاديا علي المزارع بصفة خاصة، وعلي القطاع الزراعي بصفة عامة، لتجنب الآثار البيئية الضارة وتأثيرها علي البيئة من خلال تحويل المخلفات الزراعية إلي کومبوست وتوضيح المؤشرات الإنتاجية للنواتج الثانوية للمحاصيل الزراعية محل الدراسة، وتقدير العائد الاقتصادي للنواتج الثانوية بعد تحويلها إلي کومبوست لتعظيم الاستفادة منها، بعد إضافة منفعة اقتصادية زراعية عليها، تم الاستعانة باستمارة استبيان تم تصميمها خصيصا للحصول علي بيانات خاصة بإنتاج الکومبوست بلغ عدد المزارعين الذين يقومون بتدوير مخلفاتهم النباتية بغرض إنتاج الکومبوست 27 مزارع من قري بني الحسن بمرکز أولاد صقر ومزارعي قرية الهجارسة بمرکز کفر صقر وقرية صان الحجر بمرکز الحسينية في محافظة الشرقية. وأوضحت الدراسة أن کمية النواتج الثانوية النباتية تقدر بنحو 17,324 الف طن عام 2017 بقيمة تبلغ نحو 6,930 مليون جنيه وهذه الکمية تتناقص تناقصاً غير معنوي أي أن کمية الناتج الثانوي الزراعي يتصف بالثبات النسبي خلال الفترة (2002-2017)14، حيث تبين أن المزارعين يحرقون حوالي 52% من إجمالي النواتج الثانوية النباتية بغرض الحصول علي الطاقة وان هذا الحرق يتسبب في إهدار وفقد کميات کبيرة من المادة العضوية والعناصر السمادية المختلفة، وقد تبين أن متوسط صافي العائد الشهري لوحدات الکومبوست في الموسم الشتوي يصل إلي نحو 300 جنيه وللموسم الصيفي يصل إلي نحو 383,5 جنيه، ونظراً لان متوسط طول مدة المصفوفة يقدر بنحو 3 أشهر فأن المزارع سوف يعد مصفوفتين في الموسم الشتوي ومثلهما في الموسم الصيفي، ويکون متوسط صافي العائد للموسم الشتوي نحو 1800 جنيه وللموسم الصيفي نحو 2301 جنيه، أي أن إجمالي صافي دخلة من أربع مصفوفات/ سنه يبلغ نحو 4101 جنيه بمتوسط دخل شهري يقدر بنحو 341,75 جنيه. التوصيات: توصي الدراسة أن تقوم الأجهزة المعنية بجمع النواتج الثانوية للمحاصيل علي مستوي الجمهورية للاستفادة منها في الحصول علي کومبوست لتوفير الأموال الموجهة لاستيراد الأسمدة المعدنية والحفاظ علي التربة الزراعية من المتبقيات المعدنية، حيث تبين أن صافي عائد تحويل المخلفات النباتية الصيفية والشتوية علي مستوي الجمهورية إلي کومبوست يقدر بنحو 1650مليون جنيه، 2207 مليون جنيه علي التوالي، لتحقيق التنمية الزراعية المتواصلة تجنبا لحرق المخلفات النباتية أو تراکمها.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83205_e04ba749352f02337c3f227dc1aba011.pdf
2019-12-01
2383
2369
10.21608/ajs.2019.17499.1093
العائد الاقتصادي لتدوير الناتج الثانوي
المحاصيل الزراعية
الکومبوست
Wafaa
Mohamed
wafaa_52005@yahoo.com
1
Cent Lab. for Design & Stat Analysis Res., ARC.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saha
Ibrahim
sahar.nour66@yahoo.com
2
Cent Lab. for Design & Stat Analysis Res., ARC.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تقدير دوال الطلب على صادرات البرتقال المصري فى أسواق في دول الخليج العربي
تعتبر قضية تنمية الصادرات الزراعية المصرية من القضايا الهامة التي تشغل بال متخذي القرار الاقتصادي، وذلک لخفض العجز فى الميزان التجاري، کما أن قطاع التجارة الخارجية الزراعية يعتبر من أهم القطاعات التي لها تأثير مباشر على برامج التنمية الاقتصادية، هذا و بلغت قيمة الصادرات المصرية من البرتقال حوالي 534.93مليون دولار ويحتل البرتقال المرکز الأول بين أنواع الموالح المصرية المختلفة، حيث يبلغ الإنتاج المصري حوالي 3 مليون طن وعلى الرغم من أهمية هذا المحصول التصديري إلا أن صادراته تواجه منافسة العديد من الدول في الأسواق الخارجية، مما قد يفقدها أسواقها الخارجية وإتاحة الفرصة للدول المنافسة من کسب هذه الأسواق، ولوحظ تذبذب کمية الصادرات المصرية منه، کما أن کمية الصادرات لاتتناسب مع الطاقات الإنتاجية المتاحة، حيث تشير الإحصاءات المتاحة إلى أن إنتاج البرتقال المصري بلغ حوالي2.5 مليون طن کمتوسط لعام(2005-2017)،إلا أن متوسط کمية الصادرات لنفس الفترة لا تمثل سوى 25.07 %من هذا الإنتاج، بلغ الأکتفاء الذاتي حوالي 209% الأمر الذي أثار الاهتمام لدراسة وتقدير دوال الطلب على الصادرات المصرية منه فى الأسواق الخليجية . لذا استهدف البحث بصفة عامة محاولة تنمية الصادرات المصرية من البرتقال، وذلک من خلال التعرف على المحددات المؤثرة على القدرة التنافسية للصادرات المصرية من البرتقال والتي تؤدى إلى انخفاض النصيب السوقي المصري فى بعض الأسواق الخارجيةو دراسة الوضع التنافسي لأهم الصادرات المصرية فى بعض الأسواق الخليجية باستخدام نموذج الطلب والتعرف على الوضع الراهن للصادرات موضع الدراسة، وذلک من خلال التعرف على المساحة والانتاج ، والتوزيع الجغرافي لها وأهم الاسواق المستوردة لها (داخل دول الخليج العربي). وقد اعتمد البحث على بيانات موقع ومنظمة الأغذية والزراعة العالمية، وغيرها من النشرات الإحصائيات الدولية والمتوافرة على شبکات الانترنت العالمية. لذا يوصى البحث بالأتي: - المراجعة المستمرة لأسعار تصدير البرتقال المصري في ضوء الأسعار العالمية. - الاهتمام بالأسواق الواعدة وتنمية الصادرات المصرية إليها کالسوق الامارتي والکويتي والبحريني والعماني حيث يعتبر هذه الاسواق من الاسواق الواعدة. - محاولة خفض سعر التصدير المصري لزيادة کمية الصادرات فى هذه الأسواق. - ضرورة التنسيق بين کافة الجهات المعنية بالتصدير لإعداد إستراتيجية متکاملة لتحقيق معدل نمو عالي للصادرات. - تشجيع الاستثمار المحلى في التسويق لتنشيط العملية التصديرية.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83200_8404ab28a88abc8ba29ec08cedf18616.pdf
2019-12-01
2397
2385
10.21608/ajs.2019.18496.1103
الطلب
معدل النمو
الأهمية النسبية
Kasem
Abou Oura
abolorendal@gmail.com
1
Economic Dept., Fac. Agic., Ain Shams Univ.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seham
Marwan
marwanseham@yahoo.com
2
Dept. Economics, Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
Alaa
Elsabea
alaaelsabea@yahoo.com
3
Dept. of Econ., Fac. Agric. Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Othman
mohamedothman@gmail.com
4
Economic Dept., Fac. Agric., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
محددات الطلب الخارجي لأهم الصادرات الزراعية المصرية
الملخص تتوقف عملية وضع السياسات التجارية الزراعية على عوامل ومتغيرات متداخلة ويعد الطلب على السلع الزراعية في الأسواق الخارجية من أهم العوامل الفاعلة في وضع تلک السياسات واستهدف البحث دراسة العوامل المحددة للطلب على الصادرات الزراعية المصرية في الأسواق العالمية للسلع التصديرية وتمثلت في البرتقال والعنب والبطاطس والبصل وعصائر ومرکزات الفاکهة والجبن وذلک من خلال تقدير الطلب الفردي للسلع في أسواقها العالمية خلال الفترة 2000-2018وإعتمد البحث على التحليل الوصفي والکمي، حيث تم إستخدام الوصفي عند عرض مقدمة البحث وأهدافه،واشتراطات الأسواق وعلى الکمي فى دراسة محددات الطلب الخارجى للسلع وتقدير الإرتباط ،ودالة الانحدار المتعدد فى صورها المختلفة،والمرونات السعرية والعبورية لدوال الطلب وتبين أن السوق الروسي أهم الأسواق المستوردة للبرتقال بينما سوق المملکة المتحدة من أهم الأسواق المستوردة للعنب للفترة 2000-2018م ،وبدراسة العلاقة بين متوسط نصيب الفرد الروسى من صادرات البرتقال المصرية للسوق الروسي کمتغير تابع والمتغيرات المستقلة التى يعتقد وجود تأثير معنوى لها تبين أن المتغير التابع يتأثر بکل من متوسط سعر کجم لصادرات الموالح المصرية لروسيا (X1)، ومتوسط سعر کجم لصادرات المغرب من الموالح لروسيا (X2)، ومتوسط نصيب الفرد في روسيا من الناتج المحلي الاجمالي (X3)، وحجم الرسائل المرفوضة من الموالح المصرية في السوق الروسي خلال العام السابق (X4) وتبين إرتفاع المرونة السعرية والعبورية للبرتقال في السوق الروسي،حيث بلغت المرونة السعرية(-1.8)بينما بلغت المرونة العبورية (1.9)،وهو ما يشير لزيادة المنافسة التي تواجهها البرتقال المصرية من المنتج المغربي المنافس. وأظهرت النتائج أن أهم العوامل المؤثرة في الطلب على العنب المصري في سوق المملکة المتحدة هى متوسط سعر صادرات العنب المصري للمملکة المتحدة (X5)، ومتوسط سعر صادرات جنوب افريقيا من العنب للمملکة المتحدة (X6)، ومتوسط نصيب الفرد في المملکة المتحدة من الناتج المحلي (X7)وکمية العنب المطلوبة لعمليات التصنيع الغذائي في سوق المملکة المتحدة (X8،کما تبين إرتفاع المرونة السعرية حيث بلغت(-1.3) بينما بلغت المرونة العبورية (0.3)،وهو ما يشير لعدم التأثر العنب المصري نسبياً بالمنافسة . وفى مجال التقدير الاحصائى لمحددات الطلب الفردى على أهم صادرات الخضر في الأسواق العالمية تبين أن السوق الروسي،والسعودى أهم الأسواق المستوردة للبطاطس،والبصل المصري، وبدراسة العلاقة بين متوسط نصيب الفرد الروسى من صادرات البطاطس المصرية للسوق الروسي کمتغير تابع (Y3) والمتغيرات المستقلة التى يعتقد وجود تأثير معنوى لها على المتغير التابع تبين أن المتغير التابع يتأثر بکل من متوسط سعر صادرات البطاطس المصرية لروسيا (X9)ومتوسط سعر صادرات الصين من البطاطس لروسيا (X10)، ومتوسط نصيب الفرد في روسيا من الناتج المحلي الاجمالي (X11)،وحجم الرسائل المرفوضة من البطاطس المصرية في الموانئ الروسية العام السابق(X12)، بينما بلغت المرونة السعرية حوالي (-2.2) والمرونة العبورية حوالي (2.1). وبدراسة العلاقة بين متوسط نصيب الفرد السعودي من صادرات البصل المصري للسوق السعودي بالدولار کمتغير تابع (Y4) والمتغيرات المستقلة التى يعتقد وجود تأثير معنوى لها على المتغير التابع تبين أن المتغير التابع يتأثر بکل متوسط سعر صادرات البصل المصري للسعودية (X13)ومتوسط سعر صادرات الصين من البصل للسعودية (X14)ومتوسط نصيب الفرد في السعودية من الناتج المحلي الاجمالي (X15)، وحجم الرسائل المرفوضة من البصل المصري في العام السابق(X16)، بينما بلغت المرونة السعرية (-1.4)والمرونة العبورية حوالي1.1 أوصى البحث بتحسين جودة الصادرات الزراعية في الأسواق العالمية، وشروط نفاذ السلع للأسواق العالمية، والترويج للصادرات المصرية، والحد من الأعباء التي يتحملها المصدرون، وتحسين کفاءة صادرات الصناعات الغذائية.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83178_3588afd177f38f58b29b600377301bbc.pdf
2019-12-01
2447
2460
10.21608/ajs.2020.21131.1143
الصادرات الزراعية
محددات الطلب
جودة الصادرات الزراعية
mohamed
said
m.sayed574@yahoo.com
1
Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University
LEAD_AUTHOR
محمد
ريحان
moh_rehan12@yahoo.com
2
أستاذ الاقتصاد الزراعي المتفرغ، قسم الاقتصاد الزراعي، کلية الزراعة,جامعة عين شمس
AUTHOR
Salwa
Abdel Moneim
smonem14@yahoo.com
3
Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
رحاب
الشربيني
dr.rehab73@yahoo.com
4
أستاذ باحث مساعد الإقتصاد الزراعىقسم الدراسات الإقتصادية، مرکز بحوث الصحراء
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nutritional Evaluation of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and its Application in Biscuit Supplementation
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plant was analyzed for its chemical and nutritional characteristics of plant parts (seeds, seeds cake, leaves, stems and roots) as well as the effect of the replacement of wheat flour with roselle powder at different ratios either from roselle seeds cake (0, 10, 20 and 30%) or roselle leaves powder (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5%) on the nutritional and quality properties of biscuits. The obtained results proved that roselle seed, cake and leaves is a rich source of valuable nutrients, i.e., protein (12.32 – 29.06%), lipids (4.45 – 27.83%), ash (5.53 – 15.13%) and crude fiber (14.52 – 20.53%) as well as higher content of essential minerals. Potassium, calcium and phosphorus are to be the highest concentration in roselle parts, it ranged between 7.94-46.30 mg/g (potassium), 5.29-28.80 mg/g (calcium) and 3.23-22.10 mg/g (phosphorus), other studied elements are at the lowest values. Total phenolic compounds ranged between 155.04-3288.33 ppm as gallic acid, so it was the highest in roselle leaves being 3288.33 ppm followed by stem (2086.78 ppm); however it could be used as natural antioxidant. In corporation of roselle cake or leaves powder in biscuit formula improved the nutritional profile and physical characteristics of biscuits. Increasing the incorporation of roselle cake or leaves powder, it increased the nutritive value of prepared biscuit. On the other hand, cocoa biscuit recorded the highest values of the physical properties than vanilla biscuit. Sensory evaluation revealed that the best replacement ratio was 10% 0f roselle cake and 2.5% of roselle leaves which gave suitable attributes for panelists which scored the highest level of biscuit quality. From the obtained results, roselle could be become an excellent economic and valuable source of the nutritional factors which can be used in food supplementation. It is worth mentioning that, roselle seeds and cake are considered a good source of protein and can replace animal protein, especially for vegetarians.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83180_86c729c994bd973202c5083a1ac0a5be.pdf
2019-12-01
2563
2572
10.21608/ajs.2020.20818.1138
roselle
Nutritional Value
Mineral
Cookies
biscuits
walaa
El sayed
w_mohamed2020@yahoo.com
1
Department of Product plant, Desert Research Center, cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biochemical and Toxicological Studies of Some Pesticides on Cotton leafworm ( Spodoptera littoralis)
The present study is to through light on role of some insecticides (chemical insecticides (a.i.chlorphyrifos) Dursban® 48% EC, spinosyns group (a.i.spinosad) Tracer® 24% SC and insect growth regulator (a.i.lufenuron) Match® 5% EC) against insect attacking cotton cultivation Spodoptera littoralis under Egyptian conditions. The toxicological effects and biochemical analysis carried out against laboratory strain of target insects after 24 and 72 hours. Toxicity of the three insecticides chlorphyrifos, spinosad and lufenuron were tested against the 2nd instar larvae of the cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis. The results showed that lufenuron was more effective on the 2nd instar larvae than chlorphyrifos and spinosad. The LC25 values for lufenuron, chlorphyrifos and spinosad were 0.0005, 2.21 and 8.1 ppm, respectively. The biochemical study used for tested insecticides at LC25 on some biocomponents namely acetylcholinesterase (AchE), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), chitinase, phenoloxidase, aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferases, α-esterase (α-EST), total protein and protein gel electrophoresis for laboratory strain were investigated. The tested chlorphyrifos and lufenuron were significantly increased (AchE). Spinosad was significantly decreased (GST) and phenoloxidase. Spinosad and lufenuron significantly increased (α-EST) and (chitinase) (ALT). Chlorphyrifos caused significantly decreased on α-esterase and total protein and (AST). Lufenuron significantly decreased total protein and phenoloxidase. Spinosad showed insignificant increase in (AchE) and total protein (levels). Chlorphyrifos decreased both of phenoloxidase and (ALT) levels insignificantly and increased the levels of (GST) and chitinase, while lufenuron, recorded insignificant decrease in GST levels. The total body proteins of 2nd instar larval of S. littoralis treated with LC25 of insecticides performed by SDS-PAGE. Control and different treatments were separated into 56 different bands according to their relative frequencies (Rf values), and molecular weights (MW). Samples of electrophoresis were carried out for three different insecticides namely chlorphyrifos, spinosad and lufenuron which used to treat insects. The treatment with insecticides on protein gel electrophoresis led to detection of new bands, and disappeared some bands in comparison to control. It is concluded that treatment with insecticides have strong efficacy on the soluble protein in the body of insects.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83181_f93dcf41e32b65c89313c3236ec38293.pdf
2019-12-01
2489
2499
10.21608/ajs.2020.20797.1137
chlorpyrifos
Spinosad
lufenuron
biochemical study
protein gel electrophorsis
S.littoralis
Mary
Magdy
marymagdy1087@gmail.com
1
Department of bioassay, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory Agricultural Research Center
LEAD_AUTHOR
Farok
Moawad
faroukguindi@agr.asu.edu.eg
2
Agriculural biochemistry department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Nagah
Elsayed
nagah_elsayed@agr.asu.edu.eg
3
Biochem. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
Sherifa
Nasr Sherif
sherifaelsherif128@gmail.com
4
Department of bioassay, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory Agricultural Research Center
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Quality attributes of Cookies Fortified with Date Powder
Date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are important traditional crop, vital component of human diet in the Arab world. It has essential nutrients i.e. (vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers and carbohydrates) and potential health benefits. Date fruit was oven dried and milled. This study aims to evaluate the effect of date powder as a natural sweetener instead of sugar on the proximate chemical composition, physical properties and sensory characterizations of cookies. However, levels of replacement of samany date powder which used in the cookies formula were 5, 10, 20 and 40%. Proximate chemical composition of date Samany date were determined .It was noticed that the moisture percentage was of 54.74%, while the protein and fat contents were found at low levels being 1.61 and 0.77%, respectively. The ash and crude fiber were they constituted 2.36 and 6.51%, respectively. Total sugars were obtained at 47.27%, however, reducing and non – reducing sugar were given at 35.40 and 11.87%, respectively. The obtained results showed that increasing the date powder ratio led to increase total carbohydrates, crude fibers, ash, crude fat, moisture and protein contents. However, physical characteristics of cookies, i.e. thickness, diameter and speed factor of the prepared cookies decreased. The results of organoleptic criteria indicated that color had low score with increasing substitution ratio, on the other hand, both crispiness and texture were affected at 20% and 40% of date powder level. Our findings ascertained that the cookies obtained from 40% date powder had the lowest acceptability. Meanwhile, at substitution ratio of 10%, the quality of cookies was not adversely affected by the color, taste, crispiness, texture, odor and overall acceptability (p ≥0.05), so, it could be suggesting that date palm powder can be used and incorporated in bakery products up to 10% .Finally, it can be concluded that it is highly recommended to use dates powder in the manufacturing of cookies at a commercial scale where the nutritional value of the samples increased by increasing the replacement of date powder.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83183_b1be226f1fef490b272e4a051c0dcc04.pdf
2019-12-01
2539
2547
10.21608/ajs.2020.20760.1136
date palm
quality of cookies
Chemical composition
Physical properties
sensory attributes
Aya
Amin
aya.nasser.amin@gmail.com
1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdel Fattah
Abdel Fattah
abdeo1978@gmail.com
2
Food Science and Nutrition Department Faculty of Science Taif University Taif, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Mamdouh
El kalyoubi
dr.mamdouhhelmi@hotmail.com
3
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Sherif
El-Sharabasy
sharabasydates@yahoo.com
4
Center Lab. for Date palm Res. and Development, Agric. Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Utilization of ultrafiltered milk permeate as water substitute in mango drink fortified with pumpkin cubes en route to innovate a functional drink
This study aimed to annexation such impressive health benefits possessed of pumpkin to mango drink in addition to a rich source of the essential electrolytes, namely UF- milk permeate en route to innovate a functional drink. To achieve this purpose, mango drink based on 14% fresh mango pulp, per se, and 12% sucrose was made (the control). Mango pulp was replaced with cooked (at 90◦ C for 5 min) pumpkin cubes (CPC) at the level of 5, 10 or 15% (W/W). Then 0.2% CMC, 0.015% CaCl2 and 73.785% tap water were added for each one and well mixed. On the other hand, the drink of mango pulp replaced with 10% CPC was chosen as a control in next study, where the water was replaced with UF- milk permeate (UFMP) at the level of 25, 50 or 75% and well mixed. All drinks were heat treated at 90◦ C for 5 min, filled into Pyrex glass bottles, air tightly closed, and cooled to ca 4◦ C. The obtained results indicated that, separately, CPC composed of higher moisture and total nitrogen contents and lower carbohydrates content than mango pulp. Therefore, the mango pulp replacement with CPC in the drink was associated with significant increments in the total solids content as well as pH value and decrements in the moisture, acidity and total sugars contents. Organoleptically, the mango drink of 10% CPC possessed scores as high as the control towards the color as well as overall acceptance and came in the second order versus the control towards the consistency and taste criteria. Therefore, this formula was chosen to expose to the experiment of utilization of UFMP instead of water in the drink making. The concerned results confirmed that, significant increments in drink total solids, ash and total sugars contents as well as pH value, while both moisture and acidity contents of drink reduced by water replacement with UFMP. Sensory, the drink of 75% UFMP gained the highest scores in all criteria assessed being better than the control in both consistency and taste attributes. Finally, the forgoing results led satisfactory to conclude that, it could successfully made a drink that meets the intended health purposes based on the substitution of 10% of mango pulp with cooked cubes of pumpkin of many impressive health benefits as well as the utilization of UF milk permeate as a source of the essential electrolytes instead of 75% of required water en route to innovate a functional drink.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83184_0e28f49e0722d0aa828e61c167fceb21.pdf
2019-12-01
2583
2592
10.21608/ajs.2019.20519.1133
Total solids and sugars
acidity
ash
sensory attributes
Functional drink
Marwa
Eid
marwaibrahim910@gmail.com
1
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Atef
Fayed
profateffayed@yahoo.com
2
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Khallaf
dr.khallaf86@yahoo.com
3
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Aboelnaga
doctorjo_2010@hotmail.com
4
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A comparison between Ozonation and thermal process in relation to cow’s milk attributes with emphasis on pathogens
Effect of different ozonation dozes on some physicochemical and microbiological properties in raw and pathogens inoculated milk samples in comparison with conventional heat treatment with emphasis on pathogens was aimed to be investigated. Raw cow’ milk was divided into eight equal portions, 1st portion was heat treated at 72°C for 15 sec then rapidly chilled to room temperature. Other 7 portions were treated with ascending ozonation times, namely, nil (served as a control), 5, 10 15, 20, 25 or 30 min using an ozone generating device from the air at the rate of 400 mg O3/h. In another experiment, five portions of previously autoclaved skimmed milk (at 115°C /15 min) was separately inoculated with 0.1% of 24-h age broth cultured with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Bacillus cerues ATCC10876, E. coli ATCC25922, S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 or Sh. flexneri ATCC 12022). All inoculated milks were ozonized for nil, 5, 10 15, 20, 25 or 30 min at the same rate and immediately tested for the survival count of the studied pathogenic strains. The obtained data indicated that, both raw milk treatments studied, namely thermal and ozonation (for more than 5 min) lowered significantly counts of total bacteria, yeasts & molds, Enterobacteriace and psychrotrophic bacteria than those in raw cow’ milk. All counts of pathogenic bacteria were less than one cfu/ml after 30 min ozonation., E.coli and S .typhimurium counts were less than one after only 20 min ozonation. No significant differences were detected in all physicochemical properties among all milks treated whether thermally or by ozonation. As a conclusion, ozonation treatment of raw and pathogenic inoculated milk up to 20 min at the rate of 400mg O3 /h had significantly improved the microbiological quality being able to cause decimal reductions in the milk native flora. Although there has been a marked decrease in the studied pathogenic bacteria as a result of ozonation, this is not enough for assurances, indicating the need for thermal treatment to assure the complete elimination of pathogenic microbes. Additionally, no significant changes were recorded in the physicochemical properties of the ozone treated milk up to 30 min at the same rate. Thus, these findings feature the bubbles of ozonation as a substitute to diminish the load of microbes in the raw milk, improve quality and increase the milk shelf-life before different processing
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83185_ae0223f2358d751f514943887062d392.pdf
2019-12-01
2593
2600
10.21608/ajs.2020.20456.1131
Gram positive and negative pathogenes
Enterobacteriace
psychrotrophic bacteria
Farida
Younis
faridacheese2002@hotmail.com
1
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Atef
Fayed
profateffayed@yahoo.com
2
Dept. Food Sci., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
Osama
Elbatawy
samoelbatawy@hotmail.com
3
Dept. of Food Sci., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Elsisi
dr_ahmedelsisi@yahoo.com
4
Food Technol. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Long- Term Estimation of Actual Crop Evapotranspiration Based on Satellite Data Analysis
Abstract Arid regions conditions are overwhelmed with various water scarcities problems, however, one of the reasons of this problems may be due to climate change effect. Moreover, under these conditions, water is a crucial key for any agricultural development processes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the actual evapotranspiration of different crop pattern under climate change conditions based on satellite data analysis for long time effect (1985 – 2019). The study area is considered active agricultural area , the percentage of bare soil and vegetation cover were (86.9%) and (12.7) in 1985 while in 2019 the percentage of bare soil sharply decrease so it was reached to (34.1%) but the percentage of d vegetation cover was (64.2%). Satellite images have been gathered and analyzed from Landsat TM, Landsat ETM+ and Landsat OLI, through the studied period. However, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) had been obtained for estimating the actual evapotranspiration under the studied area conditions. Planning and management of water use by irrigation agriculture are especially important in an arid and semiarid areas like the study area so the understanding of the Actual Evapotranspiration (AET) prerequisite for better management and conservation of agriculture water, By determine the area of every crop pattern, actual evapotranspiration (AET) was estimated by m3/ha/day and m3/total cultivated area/day. Data analysis indicate that the minimum and maximum NDVI values had been ranged from 0.7 and 0.9 for mango trees from 1985 and 2019, 0.5 and 0.8 for olive trees, 0.4 and 0.8 for forests and 0.7 for annual crops within the studied period from 1985 to 2019. The minimum and maximum actual evapotranspiration under different crop pattern from 1985 to 2019 ranged from 2.6 and 4.9 mm/day, 1.7 and 4 mm/day, 1 to 4.4 mm/day and 2.7 mm/day for the same crop pattern respectively. This study can assist in water management practices for better irrigation management.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83186_061e7a5d5671a16c8c3947fa47fcde86.pdf
2019-12-01
2501
2512
10.21608/ajs.2019.20410.1130
Keywords: Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo)
Crop Coefficient (Kc)
Remote Sensing (RS) and land Surface Temperature (LST)
Mohamed
Youssef
mohamedabdou25893@gmail.com
1
Department of Agricultural Engineering , Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Arfa
yeser
arafayeh11@gmail.com
2
Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Egypt
AUTHOR
عبد الغني
محمد الجندي
elgindy47@gmail.com
3
کلية الزراعة - جامعة عين شمس - مصر
AUTHOR
Mohamed
El-sherbiny
mshirbeny@yahoo.com
4
Department of Agricultural Applications Division agricultural applications, soil and sea National Authority for Remote Sensing Science remote and Space Sciences
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Improvement of Free Fat Soft Cheese Quality Using Exopolysaccharide- Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria as starter microflora
Free fat soft cheese was made from standardized buffalo's milk (control full fat 4.2% and 0.1% free fat milk). Milk were divided into eight portions, the first two treatments were made of full fat milk (control) without cheese starter (control), and the second was made of free fat milk without cheese starter (control). The other six treatments were made of free fat soft cheese with different starter cultures: A1 and A2 by using White Daily 82 and White Daily 42(acid producing starter cultures). V1 and V2 treatments were made with mixed starter of acid-producing cultures (A1) and exopolysaccharide-producing lactic acid bacteria (YF-L811and YC-X11). V3 and V4 treatments were made with mixed starter of acid-producing cultures (A2) and exopolysaccharide-producing lactic acid bacteria (YF-L811 and YC-X11). Three replicates of full and free fat soft cheese were traditionally made and stored at 5± 1°C. Samples were analyzed when fresh and after 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 days of storage, and examined for chemical, microbiological, rheological and organoleptic characteristics. Results designated that, the use of exopolysaccharide-producing LAB in V1 treatment free fat soft cheese resulted in the highest soluble nitrogen / total nitrogen, soluble tyrosine and tryptophan contents, and the rate of accumulation of total volatile fatty acids compared, with all other cheese treatments. The highest lactic acid bacterial counts were detected in fresh V1 free fat soft cheese and V2. Lactic acid bacterial counts gradually decreased within 120 days of the storage. Yeast and mould counts were less than the standards within first 60 days of the storage period. Total viable bacterial counts slightly increased in all cheese samples, as the storage period progressed. Hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness and adhesiveness properties were high in control full-fat, as compared with all other free fat cheese. Free fat soft cheeses in the presence of acid producing bacteria mixed with exopolysaccharide producing-lactic acid bacteria as starter culture could be recommended
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83191_38b3de25d19e98e7075be7cabc2a5a3a.pdf
2019-12-01
2549
2562
10.21608/ajs.2020.19761.1122
Free fat soft cheese
Exopolysaccharide-producing lactic acid bacteria
Rheological properties
Storage period
Rasha
Gobashy
rashaabdelsalam82@outlook.com
1
Food Science Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
Elnawawy
elnawawy2009@agr.asu.edu.eg
2
Food Science Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
Ihab
Aumara
dr_ihabaumara@hotmail.com
3
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Hassanein
dr.ahassanein@hotmail.com
4
Food Sci. Techn. Inst., Agr. Res. Center
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ESTIMATION OF CROP COEFFICIENT FOR ONION PLANT UNDER DELTA NILE CONDITIONS
Egypt is a semi-arid region and consequently agriculture in Egypt depends on specific sources of water; the extremely important of which is the River Nile. So, the rationalization of water of irrigation is essential and the evaluation of water requirements is necessary for each crop. Water consumption can be calculated from the different methods. The volumetric lysimeter is one of the direct methods to estimate the water requirements. .The estimation of water requirements is dependent on calculating the crop coefficient (ETc = ETo × Kc), where the crop coefficient (Kc) was registered as the proportion of potential and crop ET and the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was determined according to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) by Penman-Monteith strategy. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to estimate crop coefficient (Kc) for different growth stages of onion (Allium cepa L.). The study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Institute of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Arid Lands, Ain Shams University at Shubra El Kheima, Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt. The experiment was conducted in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons under conditions of volumetric lysimeter (dimensions 1 × 1 × 1m) and filled with three types of soil (clay, sandy clay and sand) with three levels of water requirement (75,100, and 125% of ETc) for the crop. Onion cv. Giza 61 was used. The results indicated that the increases of irrigation water levels (100 and 125% ETc) were the best treatments for some growth parameters such as plant length, bulb diameter, content of Cu in onion bulb, total and marketable yields in clay soil, but the application of 75% ETc was the best treatment for dry matter of bulb, T.S.S and bulbing ratio in sandy clay soil. The averages of crop coefficient values were 0.47, 0.5, 1.24 and 0.99 during establishment, development, mid-season and end-season growth stages, respectively. Water use efficiency (WUE) for onion was determined for all treatments and the effects showed that the application of 100% ETc gave the highest values.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83193_b7d3480c20d9a41a4656c3ed03a55518.pdf
2019-12-01
2653
2661
10.21608/ajs.2019.19512.1118
Onion
Alium cepa L
Water requirement
Evapotranspiration
crop coefficient
Drainage lysimeters
Hend
Nassar
hendm.asu@gmail.com
1
Horticulture Dept., Fac. of Agriculture, Ain Shams Univ.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
Elshinawy
mohamed_elshinawy@agr.asu.edu.eg
2
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
Usama
Elbehairy
usama_elbehairi@agr.asu.edu.eg
3
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
Ayman
Abouhadid
ayman_abouhadeed@agr.asu.edu.eg
4
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
العائد الاقتصادي من استخدام سيلاج الذرة بالکيزان وبعض مخلفات المحاصيل الحقلية کأعلاف غير تقليدية
استهدفت الدراسة تقدير العائد الاقتصادي والبيئي لتقنيات تعظيم الاستفادة من مخلفات المحاصيل الزراعية موضع الدراسة عن طريق إنتاج السيلاج کواحد من الأعلاف التي تتسم بارتفاع قيمتها الغذائية وما يساهم به في تنمية الثروة الحيوانية لدفع عجلة التنمية الزراعية بتبني المزارعين لهذه التکنولوجيا الحديثة، وقد استعانت الدراسة ببعض أساليب التحليل الإحصائي کأسلوب تحليل الانحدار البسيط، وبعض أساليب التحليل المالى مثل نسبة الإيراد/ التکاليف، وصافي عائد الجنيه المستثمر، واعتمدت الدراسة على بعض البيانات الرسمية المنشورة وغير المنشورة التي تصدرها وزارة الزراعة واستصلاح الأراضي ومعهد بحوث الإنتاج الحيواني، بالإضافة إلى بعض البيانات والمعلومات المستمدة من مختلف المراجع والدراسات ذات الصلة بموضوع الدراسة، وقد تبين من الدراسة أن إنتاج السيلاج من الذرة الشامية بالکيزان يحقق صافي ربح للطن يقدر بنحو 450 جنيه، کما أن کل جنيه مستثمر في إنتاج السيلاج يحقق صافي عائد يبلغ نحو 2,3 جنيه، کما تبين إن إنتاج السيلاج من عيدان الذرة يحقق صافي ربح للطن يقدر بنحو 195 جنيه، کما تبين أن کل جنيه مستثمر في إنتاج السيلاج يحقق صافي عائد يبلغ نحو 0,95 جنيه، في حين تبين بالنسبة لإنتاج السيلاج من قش الأرز أن صافي ربح للطن يقدر بنحو 175 جنيه، کما أن کل جنيه مستثمر في إنتاج السيلاج يحقق صافي عائد يبلغ نحو 1جنيه، وبالنسبة لإنتاج السيلاج من عروش بنجر السکر تبين أن صافي ربح للطن يقدر بنحو 290 جنيه، کما أن کل جنيه مستثمر في إنتاج السيلاج يحقق صافي عائد يبلغ نحو 1,8 جنيه، وتوصي الدراسة تعميم استخدام التقنيات الزراعية الحديثة لمعالجة وتدوير المخلفات النباتية کبديل فعال للأساليب الراهنة للتخلص من المخلفات الزراعية، من خلال الاستفادة بها في إنتاج الأعلاف الحيوانية في صورة سيلاج وبالأخص سيلاج الذرة بالکيزان، وسيلاج عروش البنجر مقارنة بسيلاج قش الأرز وسيلاج عيدان الذرة لما له من أثار إيجابية لزيادة دخل المزارع، بجانب الاستفادة القومية من إنتاج السيلاج للمخلفات محل الدراسة، وکذلک استغلال المخلفات النباتية في النهوض بالقطاع الزراعي والحد من التلوث البيئي.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83194_38d36edb88478a7272b359d2393b6bed.pdf
2019-12-01
2461
2477
10.21608/ajs.2020.19369.1115
سيلاج الذرة بالکيزان
أعلاف غير تقليدية
نسبة الايراد / التکاليف
عائد الجنيه المستثمر
Rania
Mahmoud
rania_elraise@yahoo.com
1
Econo. & Environ. Eval. Res. Sec. Cent. Lab. for Design & Stat. Analysis Res., ARC.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamed
Gafaar
hamedgaafar@gmail.com
2
Animal Nutrition Res. Sec., Animal prod. Res. Ins., ARC.
AUTHOR
Enas
Mahmoud
enas.mamduoh@gmail.com
3
Econo. & Environ. Eval. Res. Sec. Cent. Lab. for Design & Stat. Analysis Res., ARC
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
دراسة تحليلية للفجوة الغذائية العربية من اللحوم الحمراء والحلول الممکنة
يستهدف البحث تحليل الوضع الراهن للحوم الحمراء فى الوطن العربى خلال الفترة ( 2005-2018 ) ، وکذلک تطور کمية انتاج واستهلاک وصادرات وواردات والفجوة ونسبة الاکتفاء الذاتى من اللحوم الحمراء فى الدول العربية خلال نفس الفترة و التنبؤ بحجم تلک الفجوة حتى عام 2030 حيث استخدم أدوات التحليل الاحصائى الوصفى والکمى مثل معدلات النمو ، والإنحدار الخطى وغير الخطى البسيط والمتعدد ، التنبؤ بحجم الفجوة من اللحوم الحمراء بإستخدام برنامج SPSS وقد اعتمد البحث بصفة أساسية على البيانات الثانوية التى تصدرها المنظمة العربية للتنمية الزراعية ، ان حوالى83% من جملة انتاج اللحوم الحمراء يترکز فى ثمانى دول عربية فقط يستحوذ السودان وحدة على نحو26.1 % من جملة الانتاج العربى من اللحوم الحمراء بما يعادل 124.8. مليون طن . وبدراسة تطور کمية الإنتاج والمتاح للإستهلاک وحجم الفجوة العربية من اللحوم الحمراء ، أشارت نتائج الأتجاه الزمنى إلى تزايد تلک المتغيرات بمقادير سنوية معنوية إحصائيا ، قدرت بنحو 250 ، 544.7 ، 294.4 ألف طن خلال الفترة ( 2005-2018 ) على الترتيب . وأيضاً تزايد معدل الاکتفاء الذاتى بمقدار سنوى قدر بنحو 2.02 % من المتوسط السنوى خلال نفس الفترة وأشارت نتائج مؤشرات التجارة الخارجية للحوم الحمراء خلال الفترة ( 2005-2018 ) أن کمية الواردات العربية من اللحوم الحمراء قد تزايدت من حوالى 920 ألف طن کمتوسط سنوى خلال الفترة (2005-2011 ) تقدر قيمتها بنحو 2496 مليون دولار کمتوسط سنوى لنفس الفترةالى نحو1142 ألف طن کمتوسط سنوى خلال الفترة (2012-2018 ) تقدر قيمتها بنحو 4613 مليون دولار کمتوسط سنوى لنفس الفترة. وبتقدير الاتجاه الزمنى العام لکمية وقيمة الواردات من اللحوم الحمراء فى الدول العربية خلال الفترة ( 2005-2018 ) أشارت نتائج التقدير الأحصائى إلى تزايد کل من کمية وقيمة الواردات العربية من اللحوم الحمراء بمقدار سنوى معنوى إحصائياً عند مستوى معنوى 0.05 قدر بنحو 187.6 ألف طن ، نحو 1521 مليون دولار .وتوضح قيمة معامل التحديد أن حوالى 32 %,81 % من التغيرات فى کل من کمية أو قيمة الواردات العربية من اللحوم الحمراء خلال فترة الدراسة ترجع للعوامل التى يعکس أثرها متغير الزمن : تشير البيانات المصدرة للحوم الحمراء بکمية صادرات بلغت نحو 12.82 ألف طن تمثل نحو 37.76 % من جملة الصادرات العربية من اللحوم الحمراء . وأشارت النتائج إلى تواضع وانخفاض قيمة التجارة البينية سواء الزراعية او الغذائية بين الدول العربية ,الامر الذى يحتم زيادة وتکثيف وتنمية التجارة البينية بين الدول حتى تتمکن الدول العربية من تقليص حجم الفجوة الغذائية بصفة عامة وحجم الفجوة العربية من اللحوم الحمراء بصورة خاصة . وتوصى الدراسة بتشجيع الأستثمار العربى فى القطاع الزراعى وتوجيه جزء من الأستثمارات الزراعية فى زراعة الأعلاف الخضراء وزيادة الاستثمار فى قطاع الانتاج الحيوانى والصناعات القائمة عليه ، وتطوير صناعة الأعلاف المرکزة ، والأعلاف غير التقليدية المنتجة من تدوير المخلفات الزراعية ، وذلک لخفض تکلفة الانتاج المحلى للحوم الحمراء وکذا تنشيط التجارة البيئية العربية فى مجال المنتجات الحيوانية کبديل للاستيراد من خارج المنطقة العربية ، وتفعيل التکامل الزراعى العربى لر فع کفاءة استغلال الموارد الزراعية وأيضاً تشجيع الصادرات السودانية من اللحوم الحمراء والحيوانات الحية للدول العربية لخفض معدلات الحمولة الر عوية على أراضيه وزيادة الانتاج المحلى منها .
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83196_a07c2d2c004a4cf838f67d14ad9fe629.pdf
2019-12-01
2429
2446
10.21608/ajs.2019.19044.1110
لحوم حمراء
فجوة غذائية
تجارة بينيه بين الدول العربية
Shimaa
Fawzy
dr.shimaatalat@gmail.com
1
Economics Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Physiological and biochemical response of broiler chickens to amino acids administration
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of amino acids supplementation to drinking water of meat-type broiler chickens on their blood parameters and productive traits. A total of sixty one day old, unsexed broiler chicks were obtained from a local hatchery. They were divided into three treatment groups: control group, and two treatment groups supplemented (via drinking water) with amino acids preparation (Amino-2500 USA Premium Nutrition) at 0.5 and 1.0 g/L, respectively. All chicks were fed a commercial low protein diet containing 19% crude protein and 2900 kcal metabolizable energy per kilogram of the diet. Chicks of the control group was fed the recommended (standard) diet containing 23%crude protein and 3000 kcal of ME/Kg. The duration of the experiment was five weeks. The criteria of productive and physiological responses were live body weight, weight gain, blood plasma protein fractions, plasma lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Transaminase (ALT and AST) activity indicative of liver function was measured. Kidney function test in terms of plasma creatinine, urea nitrogen and uric acid were also determined. Results showed that live body weight and weight gain of broiler chickens were significantly increased by AA administration either at three or five weeks of age. At marketing age (5 weeks), birds from the 3rd and 2nd groups achieved heavier body weigh by 32.3 and 26.8% more than the control chickens. Blood plasma total protein, albumin and globulin levels were significantly increased in the AA treatment groups for T3 and T2, respectively as compared to the control chicks. Addition of AA resulted in an obvious increase in the activity of ALT and AST indicative of negative influence of excess AA on livers function-related enzymes, especially with the higher dose of AA (T3).This was also observed for plasma uric acids and creatinine concentrations as end products of protein metabolism. The histological sections from lymphoid organs revealed better histological appearance indicative of better immunity and bird's health. It is concluded that excessive AA administration for broilers fed on low protein diet, could be used to increase live body weight, enhance protein metabolism without negative impacts on blood biochemistry, and improve their immune response. However, further study is needed to assess the cost and the net revenue from AA supplementation.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83197_cef6e95d515523912e78db9cdd6808c4.pdf
2019-12-01
2479
2487
10.21608/ajs.2019.19003.1109
Amino acids
live body weight
blood constituents
broiler chicks
Ebstam
Ahmed Bakry
ebtsam.bakry134@gmail.com
1
Biochemistry Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nagah
Elshahay
nagahnagahelshahat0001@gmail.com
2
Biochem. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
Samir
Mohamed Hassan
ssamirelhady0001@gmail.com
3
Biochem. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
Ibrahim
Elsyed
ielwardany2010@yahoo.com
4
Dept. Poultry Production, Fac. Agric., Ain SHams Univ.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Measuring of the Alteration of Retrotransposition in the Response of Salinity Stress using IRAP and SCoT Markers
Retrotransposons comprise the major part of eukaryotic genomes. They have the ability to replicate themselves through RNA intermediate via reverse transcription process. During normal development, these elements become quiescent, but they are stimulated by stresses. The availability of PCR-based techniques to detect the variation in retrotransposition rate due to salinity was tested. IRAP and SCoT markers were applied in two salinity-tolerant eukaryotic genomes: Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae L.) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The genomes of the yeast strain EMCC-49 and two barley cultivars Giza-123 and Giza-2000 were extracted. Five IRAP primers with two combinations and nine SCoT primers were applied. The yeast strain was grown in the YPG media with 0.5 M, 1 M, 1.5 M NaCl or the control. The barley cultivars were irrigated with 0.25 M, 0.6 M NaCl or just distilled water. This research aimed to study the effect of salinity stress on the activation of retrotransposition. IRAP technique developed three markers in the yeast under the different levels of salinity. ScM1 IRAP primer showed a band with molecular size of 456 bp in the yeast under 0.5 and 1.5 M only. Another band with molecular size of 409 bp appeared under the control and disappeared in all salinity treatments. The third IRAP marker was shown by the ScM2 primer with molecular size of 1952 bp under the 0.5 M treatment. While, two IRAP markers appeared in barley due to salinity stress. The 5'LTR IRAP primer showed an 886 bp band in the barley cultivar Giza-2000 under the control condition only. Sukkula IRAP primer displayed the second IRAP marker in the cultivar Giza-2000 of barley with molecular size of 330 bp under the 0.6 M only. SCoT markers showed 17 markers in the response of salinity stress in yeast with molecular sizes ranged from 1911 to 271 bp with SCoT 31 and SCoT 26 primers, respectively. SCoT 26 primer gave the highest number of markers per SCoT primer (five different markers). In barley, 18 SCoT markers were detected under salinity stress. They molecular sizes were between 1762 (SCoT 26) and 281 bp (SCoT 7). SCoT 32 primer showed five markers in barley under salinity as the highest number of markers per SCoT primer. The results showed different patterns between control and treatments and the high levels of salinity led to new retrotranspositions. This study confirmed that PCR techniques; like IRAP and SCoT can exhibit the activation of retrotransposition due to salinity stress. Good positive results were obtained and we recommend using these techniques for different molecular purposes due to their advantage; easy, fast, cheap and effectiveness.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83198_d43c37651fc68db5c571051182ce0300.pdf
2019-12-01
2601
2609
10.21608/ajs.2019.18888.1107
Retrotransposon
salinity
IRAP
SCoT techniques
Marwa
Shehata
marwa_gene@agr.asu.edu.eg
1
Genetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
Eman
Fahmy
eman_abdelhameed@agr.asu.edu.eg
2
Dept. of Genetics, Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fatma
Mohamed Badawy
f_badawy@agr.asu.edu.eg
3
Genetics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
Lamyaa
Mostafa Kamal Sayed
lamyaamk@agr.asu.edu.eg
4
Genetics Dept., Fac. of Agric. Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of germination and irradiation treatments on quality and storability of clover sprout
Sprouts are most often consumed raw; thus cooking is not used to prevent contamination from pathogens. High microbial counts on clover seeds and its sprouts are the primary factor for a short shelf life of products and potentially present pathogens may cause human illness outbreak. In this study, clover seeds were germinated with four treatments. T1 (Dipping in 20g/L Calcium hypochlorite for 20 min. +Washing with NaCL then, soaking in 2000 ppm NaCl, 12 hr. / 3 days), T2 (Dipping in Calcium hypochlorite for 20 min. then, washing tap water, 12 hr. / 3 days), T3 (Dipping in tap water + Washing by NaCL, 12 hr. / 3 days) and T4 (Dipping in tap water + washing by tap water, 12 hr. / 3 days). Trail 2, treated clover seeds in T1 and T4 were low and highly contaminated with microbial load. Clover sprouts were exposed to irradiation doses at 1, 2 and 3 kGy, to study the effect of gamma radiation on quality. Main trail, T4 was modified to dipping seeds in sterilized tap water and washing by sterilized tap water, for 12 hr. /3 days. Sprouts were exposed to irradiation doses and stored at 9°C and quality parameters were evaluated during storage. Clover sprouts can be treated with gamma radiation, a no thermal food process, to reduce microbial load and forborne pathogens and to increase shelf life. After irradiation at dose of 2 kGy, the total bacterial count decreased from 5.0x107 to 6.0x103 cfu/g, and the total coliform counts decreased from 1100 to 3 cfu/g E. coli count from 2.9x102 to 3 and Staphylococcus aureus count went down from 4.5x104 to 100 cfu/g. These results showed clover seeds germinated in sterilized tap water and irradiated at 2 kGy improved microbial safety of clover sprouts without affecting germination, chemical and quality during storage was extended to 15 day. Irradiated sprouts had similar overall acceptability quality as the non-irradiated one.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83199_ecbb675a1324686ba703d484aff45253.pdf
2019-12-01
2641
2651
10.21608/ajs.2019.18559.1104
Clover sprouts
Germination
gamma radiation
Quality
storability
Emad
Toukhy
emadeltoukhy77@gmail.com
1
Hort. Dept. Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hesham
Swailam
swaukamh@yahoo.com
2
Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Elshenawy
rushinawy@hotmail.com
3
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
Mamdouh
Fawzi Abdallah
youmamdouh@yahoo.com
4
Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of early age heat stress on growth performance and some blood parameters of two strains of rabbits
The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of short term Heat Stress on productive performance and some blood parameters in two strains of growing rabbits. A total number of 60 weaned unsexed rabbits (6 weeks of age) were used in this study (30 from each of New Zealand White, NZW, and Local Baladi Black, BB rabbits). They were randomly divided into two experimental groups: a control group and heat stressed one. The latter group was exposed to four hours of heat stress at 36 ± 1 ⁰C and 55 – 60% RH for three consecutive days at 42 days of age. The same manner was applied after six weeks of age (at marketing). After HS exposure, three rabbits from each treatment were used to determine some blood parameters, heat shock protein (HSP 70, 90); Growth performance data were also recorded. Results showed that daily weight gain was significantly increased in heat stressed rabbits than control, while feed consumption was significantly reduced in NZW rabbits, resulting in an improvement in FCR of NZW rabbits than BB. Heat stress (p≤0.05) increased plasma total protein, albumin and Globulin than control group, while A/G ratio was not influenced. Baladi Black rabbits had significantly lower IGF and Corticosterone level compared by NZW rabbits, while T3 hormone level was not significantly affected. HS increased (p ≤ 0.05) IGF and Corticosterone levels. A significant interaction effect between HS and breed was recorded for all studied hormones. Heat shock protein were significantly increased in local BB rabbits compared to NZW ones. It is concluded that it is concluded that early age heat exposure of weaning rabbits could be used as an alternative tool to alleviate the negative impact of heat stress at older age. We chose two strains of rabbits (BB NZW) because they the most common types in our country.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83201_82842672e0486ddd32778212d817947e.pdf
2019-12-01
2621
2629
10.21608/ajs.2019.18072.1101
heat stress
Growth performance
HSP
blood parameters
Rabbits
Safaa
Ezzat
khaledawadalla2@gmail.com
1
Poultry Production Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ibrahim
Elwerdany
ielwardany2010@yahoo.com
2
Dept. Poultry Production, Fac. Agric., Ain SHams Univ.
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Galal
ahmed_gad@agr.asu.edu.eg
3
Poultry Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Madkour
mahmoud.madkour9@gmail.com
4
National Res. Center, Dept. Anim. Prod. Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Volatile Compounds Evaluation of Egyptian Purslane Leaves
Portulaca oleracea (PO) has several applications as vegetable and can be used in medicine and food industry. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare the phytochemical constituents, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in ethanol and aqueous extract of Egyptian purslane fresh leaves. Also, the fatty acids and volatile compounds in fresh leaves had been determined. Concentrations of saponin and alkaloid were the highest phytochemical present in both extracts of the purslane leaves. Percentage of tannins was highest in the ethanol extract of the leaves (3.15%) compared to aqueous extract (2.65%). Saponin level was highest in the ethanol extract (4.98%) compared to aqueous extract (4.58%) While, the ethanol extract was more effective in phytochemical including tannins and saponins; whereas both of the two extracts were nearly similar in the extract of phenolic and flavonoids. HPLC analysis showed that pyrogallol was the main phenolic compound in ethanol and aqueous extracts with concentration of 24.85 and 23.65%, respectively. On the other hand, the phenolic compounds in purslane water extract had high amount of pyrogallol, chlorogenic and salicylic flowed by, catechin, rosmarinic, vanillic and rutin The ethanolic extract of P. oleracea leaves exhibited a significant antioxidant activity in a dose dependent manner compared to BHA and TBHQ. Most abundant fatty acids in purslane leaves were; α-linolenic acid (51.72 %), palmitic acid (24.03 %) and linoleic acid (9.46 %). Concerning saturated fatty acids, the most predominant fatty acids was Plamitic C16:0 (24.03%) and the others have the lowest values such as Myristic (C14:0), Stearic (C18:0) and Lauric (C12:0) recorded 3.56, 2.19 and 0.92% respectively. A total of Twenty-seven compounds were identified using GC and GC-MS in the extracts of P. oleracea. The main volatile constituents of Headspace (HS) were: (E)-2-Hexenal (15.64%), (E)-2-Nonenol (12.03%), Hexanal (10.92%), and Ethyl linoleate (8.02%). On the other hand, the main volatile compounds obtained by water distillation (WD) were; (E)-2-Hexenal (12.46%), (E)-2-Nonenol (9.52%), Hexanal (9.32%), and Menthol (8.04%). Portulaca oleracea plant extract could be used as a source of phytochemical and antioxidants, especially for functional food.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83202_54da36b888cfa221cf1e999d021b1bb4.pdf
2019-12-01
2573
2582
10.21608/ajs.2019.17942.1100
Portulaca oleracea
phytochemicals
antioxidant
volatile compounds
Aliaa
Almashad
aliaa.akr2002@yahoo.com
1
Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Home Economic, Al- Azhar University, Tanta, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gamil
Ibrahim Ramadan
gamilemad2000@gamil.com
2
Department of Chemistry of Flavour and Aroma, National Research Center, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Rabab
Abdelrazek
rababhassansalem@azhar.edu.eg
3
Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Home Economic, Al- Azhar University, Tanta, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Characterization of endophytic bacteria associated with some medicinal plants
A total of 89 endophytic bacterial cultures were isolated by two techniques from seven medicinal plants; Coriandrum sativum, Anethum graveolens, Pelargonium graveolens, Ocimum basilicum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Saliva officinalis and Origanum majorana. To address the biological activity of these isolates as endophytic bacteria, preliminary screening showed 44, 36, 28, 22, 82 isolates out of total one gave positive results for cellulase, pectinase, amylase activities, indole acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) production, respectively. The secondary screening twenty endophytic bacterial isolates were selected and examined for their antagonistic effect against four pathogenic fungi, antioxidants activity, total phenols, indole acetic acid, ammonia (NH3), siderophores production and nitrogenase activity. According to the last screening; six isolates were chosen because of their multi-plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. They recorded a wide range of total flavonoids concentration in endophytic bacterial supernatant. The values of total flavonoids varied from 1.43 to 31.14 ppm. While the alkaloids production was detected by all tested isolates except isolate S14. Isolate B3 gave the maximum alkaloids concentration in its supernatant being 0.34 ppm. Four isolates are able to solubilize phosphate, low variations between tested isolates in phosphate solubilization ranged from 5.65 ppm by isolate RO14 to 3.85 ppm by isolate C8. All isolates showed negative result for hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production. Furthermore, the colonization of the six most efficient isolates inside the tissue of two medicinal plant Ocimum basilicum and Coriandrum sativum were performed by two techniques; 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) stain and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). Based on some morphological and biochemical characteristics of the most efficient isolates (RO10, RO14, S14, D6, C8 and B3); the six isolates were similar to three genera (Enterobacter sp., Aeromonas sp. and Bacillus sp.). Hypersensitivity test proved that all the six endophytic bacterial isolates are nonpathogenic bacteria. Where, these isolates gave negative symptoms of hypersensitivity reaction (HR) test on the pepper plants (Capsicum annuum) used as indicator plant.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83204_6eb7feec666e7cd207841558cfc977cd.pdf
2019-12-01
2513
2526
10.21608/ajs.2019.17662.1097
Endophytic bacteria
medicinal plants
TEM
TTC Stain
Endophytic colonization
PGP
Eman Adel
Sayed Ahmed
emadel21@yahoo.com
1
Central laboratory, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Enas
Hassan
enasath@hotmail.com
2
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Kareem
El- Tobgy
kmkt66@yahoo.com
3
Central laboratory, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Elshahat
Ramadan
elshahatramadan@hotmail.com
4
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of the staling rate of Egyptian Balady bread by using Texture Profile Analysis (TPA): A new method.
Texture profile analysis (TPA) was conducted on seventy balady bread samples collected from different five Egyptian governorates (i.e. Cairo, Giza, Beheira, Sharkia and Beni Suef) with the aim of developing a new and fast method to assess the staling of the Egyptian flat balady bread as a function of different TPA parameters. Results obtained from the TPA were compared against the classical Alkaline Water Retention Capacity (AWRC) method of bread staling determination over a storage period of three days. Hardness, adhesiveness, resilience and chewiness were found to increase as the storage period of bread samples increased, while cohesiveness decreased with the storage. The obtained results of TPA showed that among different TPA parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and chewiness were highly correlated with the staling rate (SR) during a three days storage period with values of correlation coefficients ranging from 0.821 to 0.973, while other TPA parameters (i.e. gumminess, resilience and springiness) were weakly correlated with the staling rate. Moreover, moisture content was linearly decreased as the storage of bread increased from 36.78 at the zero time to 33.19% at the third day. Derived mathematical models to calculate the AWRC and SR were significant and of the linear type with moisture content, time (day), hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness and chewiness as independent variables, with reasonable adjusted R2 ( 0.55 and 0.41), and adequate precision values (31.57 and 18.68) for AWRC and SR, respectively . Validation of the new method, as assessed by t-test, showed that the differences between AWRC and SR values obtained by our method were not significantly different (P<0.05) from those of their counterparts obtained by the classical AWRC method at the different storage times of bread. Our new method can be used as an alternative to the classical AWRC method with reliable, fast and accurate calculated values of both AWRC and SR.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83206_beab7bffcd91b69c6d581553e2e86ac7.pdf
2019-12-01
2527
2538
10.21608/ajs.2019.17017.1087
balady bread
AWRC
staling
moisture
TPA
Mokhtar
Abd-El-Khalek
mokhtarharb@yahoo.com
1
Bread and Pasta Dep., Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center
LEAD_AUTHOR
Thanaa
Mohamed Amer
thanaa231259@gmail.com
2
Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Manal
Ibrahim
m_manal17@yahoo.com
3
Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
IMPACT OF GROWTH PROMOTERS ADDITION ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNE RESPONSE IN BROILER CHICKEN
The purpose of this work was to study the effect of Fenugreek seeds powder (Trigonella foenum-gracum L.) and Camphor leaves powder (Cinnamomum camphora) on productive performance and immune response of Ross broiler chicken. A total of 100 day-old unsexed broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to five treatment groups with two replicates of 10 each reared for 42 days. The experimental diets were: Control diet (C), fenugreek seeds powder 1g/1kg (F1), fenugreek seeds powder 1.5g/1kg (F2), camphor leaves powder 1g/1kg (C1), camphor leaves powder 1g/1kg (C2). The F2 trait recorded the best results during most of ages for body weight and body weight gain. Dressing percentage of broilers at five week was significantly higher value for Cph1 group. The percentage of minor and major breast muscles showed a slightly non-significant increase to Cph2 trait. The drum muscle weight percentage showed a higher significant value for (Cph1) trait. The F2 group recorded the lower significant value for Giblets percentage compared to another groups and control group. The highest value for spleen percentage was recorded in F1 group and the lowest value showed in control and Cph2. Bursa gland recorded the highest value for F2 group and the lowest value recorded by Control and Cph2 group. The F1 group recorded the highest value for thymus gland percentage and the lowest value showed in Cph2 group. The Cph2 and F2 treatments had the maximum cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity swelling response with insignificantly difference at 24 hr after injection, while at 48 hr, the Cph2 trait had significantly higher dermal swelling response compared to other traits and control group. The F1 and F2 groups had significantly hyper responder to sheep red blood cells at seven days post secondary injection, while at fourteen days post secondary injection, Cph2 and F2 groups had significantly hyper responses to sheep red blood cells. Therefore, fenugreek seeds and camphor leaves supplementation as a growth promoter at 1.5g / 1kg might be acceptable for achieving better performance under environmental conditions of Egypt.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83207_c2c014c691c7a23e45a8d2f086c0affc.pdf
2019-12-01
2631
2640
10.21608/ajs.2020.16863.1085
fenugreek
camphor
productive
Immune
broiler
Mohamed
Mohamed
mohamedhashem10@icloud.com
1
Arid Land Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain SHams Univ.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
Elshinawy
mohamed_elshinawy@agr.asu.edu.eg
2
Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Galal
ahmed_gad@agr.asu.edu.eg
3
Poultry Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Yousif
m.yousif72@yahoo.com
4
Poultry Prod. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
الترکيب المحصولي الزراعي المصري وأوضاع التجارة الخارجية
يعتبر الترکيب المحصولي الأفضل مفهوم نسبي نظرا لعدم سهولة معرفة ما هو أفضل على وجه التحديد نظرا لظاهرة تصارع وتضاد الأهداف حيث توجد العديد من الأهداف التي يمکن تحقيقها في ظل کل من الموارد الإنتاجية المحددة والمحددات الاقتصادية والسياسية المحلية والدولية . ومن وجهة النظر الاقتصادية فان الترکيب المحصولي الأفضل هو من شأنه تعظيم صافي العائد الاقتصادي في ظل مختلف الإمکانيات الفنية المتاحة والمحددات المؤثرة وذات العلاقة بهذا الترکيب المحصولي . وقد تمثلت مشکلة الدراسة في التعرف على إمکانية تجاوب الترکيب المحصولي مع فرص التصدير ويساعد في زيادتها ويقلل من الواردات لکن من المتوقع تغيرات واسعة سواء في الترکيب المحصولي أو في التجارة الخارجية تتجه اتجاه عشوائي بعيدا عن اتجاهات الدولة نحو الاستخدام الأمثل للترکيب المحصولي في ظل تغيرات التجارة الخارجية للزروع المحصولية. وتتلخص أهداف الدراسة في تعدد السياسات الاقتصادية المقترحة کمحاولة لمواجهة بعض المشاکل الاقتصادية الزراعية بصفة عامة والغذائية بصفة خاصة . وتتضمن السياسات ما يتعلق بمحاولة زيادة درجة الاکتفاء الذاتي من المحاصيل الاستيرادية الرئيسية وهي القمح والسکر والذرة أو الزيوت النباتية و زيادة الطاقة التصديرية من بعض الزروع المصرية مثل القطن والأرز والبطاطس وبعض محاصيل الخضر والفاکهة .وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على بعض أساليب التحليل الوصفي کالنسب المئوية والمتوسطات بالإضافة لبعض أساليب التحليل الکمي لتقدير المؤشرات الإنتاجية والاقتصادية المتعلقة بالترکيب المحصولي والتجارة الخارجية . وتبين أن حاصلات الحبوب جاءت في المقدمة بين المجموعات المحصولية الأخرى خلال فترة الدراسة ، حيث تراوحت نسبة ما تمثله المساحة المزروعة بالحبوب بنسبة44.3 % من المساحة المحصولية خلال فترة الدراسة.بينما احتلت مجموعة الأعلاف المرکز الثاني بلغت نسبة ما تمثله المساحة المزروعة بهانحو 35 % خلال فترة الدراسة. وبالرغم من احتفاظ مجموعة الأعلاف بالمرکز الثاني طوال فترة الدراسة، إلا أنه لوحظ تراجع أهميتها النسبية في الآونة الأخيرة وعلى العکس من المتوقع بالنسبة لمجموعة الحبوب التي سجلت أهميتها النسبية ارتفاع ملحوظ خلال الفترات الأخيرة من الدراسة يرتبط الترکيب المحصولي بالتجارة الخارجية وذالک لمحاولة سد العجز في الانتاج الزراعي في حالة وجودفجوه غذائيةمن خلال توجة السياسة الزراعية نحو زراعة المحاصيل ذات العجز الغذائي الاکبر وتحقيق نسبة الإکتاء ذاتي الفجوة الغذائية للقمح تراوحت بين حد اعلى بلغ 15953الف طن عام 2017وحد ادنى بلغ 2927الف طن عام 2009ومتوسط بلغ 6149.8الف طن .وأن نسبة لإکتفاء الذاتى للقمح تراوحت بين حد اعلى بلغ 74.4%عام 2009 وحد ادنى بلغ 40.5%عام 2010بمتوسط بلغ 56.6% 2-الارز :- يتبين من الفائض الغذائي من الارز تراوح بين حد اعلى بلغ 1312الف طن عام 2007وحد ادنى بلغ 22الف طن عام 2014 باستثناء عام 2011حيث کان هناک فجوة غذائية من الارز تقدر ب49الف طن ومتوسط الفائض 15046الف طن . ويشير نسبة الاکتفاء الذاتى من الارز تراوحت بين حد أعلى بلغ 133%عام 2001وحد ادنى بلغ 98.8%عام 2011ومتوسط بلغ 115%. يشيران الفجوة الغذائية من الذرة الشامية تراوحت بين حد اعلى بلغ 6890 ألف طن عام 2011وحد ادنى بلغ 2377الف طن عام 2004 ومتوسط بلغ 4076.8. و ان الاکتفاء الذاتى من الذرة الشامية تراوح بين حد اعلى بلغ 79%عام 2009وحد ادنى بلغ 56.2%عام 2015 ومتوسط 61.7
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83209_efb40dacc881836d1f3dbbf859bcf70a.pdf
2019-12-01
2416
2399
10.21608/ajs.2019.16546.1079
الترکيب المحصولي الزراعي
تطور المساحات المحصولية
التجارة الخارجية
الاکتفاء الذاتي
الفجوة الغذائية
Amira
Hosny
amiraelisalamy@gmail.com
1
Agric. Economics, Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
shehata
moh.shehata@hotmail.com
2
Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, POBox 68 - 11241, Hadayek Shubra, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Salwa
Abdel Moneim
smonem14@yahoo.com
3
Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
أثر التغيارت المناخية علي إنتاج بعض المحاصيل الحقلية
تعتبر دارسة العوامل المؤثرة على الإنتاج الزارعي لأهم المحاصيل محل الدارسة سواء کانت المتغيارت اقتصادية او بيئية ومن ثم الوقوف على تذبذب الإنتاج الزارعي من أهم المحاصيل الاستارتيجية والتي يتأثر إنتاجها بالتقلبات المناخية، حيث تمثلت مشکلة الدارسة في التأثير السلبي لظاهرة التغيارت المناخية والتلوث البيئي علي الإنتاج الزارعي ولاسيما في ظل المتغيارت البيئية والاقتصادية المعاصرة. واستهدف البحث تحديد أهم العوامل البيئية والاقتصادية المسئولة عن إحداث التغيارت في الإنتاج الزارعي. وباستعارض أهم الأنشطة الإنتاجية المکونة للإنتاج النباتي في جمهورية مصر العربية وأهمية کل نشاط منها بالنسبة لمتوسط القيمة النقدية لکل من الإنتاج الزارعي و الإنتاج النباتي. تبين أن المحاصيل الحقلية تأتى في المرتبة الأولى حيث بلغ مليار جنيه تمثل نحو 01.701متوسط قيمتها نحو % من إجمالي متوسط قيمة الإنتاج الزارعي، 83783 % من قيمة الإنتاج النباتي خلال 3178وتمثل نحو )، وتأتى قيمة إنتاج محاصيل 310.-3108الفترة ( الفاکهة في المرتبة الثانية حيث بلغ متوسط قيمتها نحو % من 81710 مليار جنيه بما يمثل نحو 81710 إجمالي متوسط قيمة الإنتاج الزارعي وتمثل نحو % من متوسط قيمة الإنتاج النباتي. 0371 وبدارسة أهم العوامل التي تؤثر على إنتاج القمح ة ( ) وتبين ان اهم 310.-3118 المصري خلال الفتر العوامل المساحة المنزرعة من محصول القمح ومتوسط
ة درجات الحرارة الصغرى ومتوسط درجات الحرار العظمي، حيث تبين من النموذج وجود علاقة طردية بين کمية إنتاج القمح والمساحة المنزرعة من محصول القمح، حيث تبين النتائج حدوث زيادة في إجمالي إنتاج % وذلک بزيادة المساحة 11محصول القمح بنحو .%01المنزرعة من القمح بنسبة واتضح ايضا من النموذج وجود علاقة طردية بين
ة الصغرى ، کمية إنتاج القمح ومتوسط درجات الحرار حيث تبين النتائج حدوث زيادة في إجمالي إنتاج % وذلک بزيادة متوسط 0173محصول القمح بنحو ارة الصغرى بنسبة .%01 درجات الحر کما تبين من النموذج وجود علاقة عکسية بين کمية إنتاج محصول القمح ومتوسط درجات الحاررة العظمي، حيث تشير النتائج حدوث تناقص في إجمالي إنتاج القمح، فبزيادة درجات الحاررة العظمي بنسبة %3. % يؤدى إلى تناقص الإنتاج الزارعي بنسبة 01 وذلک خلال فترة الدارسة.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_103189_df7fec3b11de7de1568c581a95f66035.pdf
2019-12-01
2417
2427
10.21608/ajs.2019.103189
الانتاج الزارعي
التغيارت المناخية
درجة الحاررة والرطوبة
Basma
Abd El zahar
dr.basma.kamal2000@gmail.com
1
Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Ragab
2
Agric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
M
Nasr
3
Agric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Thanaa
Salem
4
Agric. Economics Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Molecular characterization of some Egyptian sorghum bicolor genotypes using ISSR markers
Sorghum is the second African most important cereal, it's well adapted to tropical and sub-tropical areas, It enters in the industry of flour, fuel, source of fiber, the manufacture of fermentation and beer, extracting some chemical compounds like dextrin, windbreakers, building fences and fresh fodder crops especially in summer. Microsatellites or Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs) are becoming the markers of choice in many plant breeding programs because they are transferable, multiallelic co-dominant, PCR-based, easily reproducible, randomly and widely distributed along the genome. Twenty Egyptian sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Monech) genotypes were assessed for DNA polymorphism using 10 ISSR primers. All tested ISSR primers yielded amplified products and generated 152 alleles (average of 15.2 alleles/marker). Out of the 10 used ISSR primers, eight primers obtained 24 unique markers among the 20 studied sorghum genotypes. However, molecular characterization revealed polymorphism percentage of a 100% for ISSR markers, including a high level of polymorphism among the studied sorghum genotypes. On the other hand, cluster analysis using UPGMA method classified the 20 sorghum genotypes into two groups using ISSR markers. The cluster analysis showed a high genetic variation among the studied sorghum genotypes and the diversity of these genotypes was in an agreement with their source pedigree. The results of principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) were closely in line with those of the cluster analysis. These results could be used by breeders to develop protocols for sorghum improvement. From the commercial point of view, molecular fingerprinting is a useful tool for several applications, including its use in breeding programs, in determining relatedness of genotypes and for pedigree verification. Molecular fingerprints are useful for varietal protection to prove ownership or derivation of plant lines as well as to prove violations and breaching of patent and plant variety protection certificates or the misappropriation of trade secrets.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_83212_f2f3aa99c3f7d1aa98e587b6b4b26fd7.pdf
2019-12-01
2611
2620
10.21608/ajs.2019.15232.1066
ISSR
Sorghum
Molecular
DNA
UPGMA
PCoA
Nourhan
Atta
nourhan.aiman@hotmail.com
1
Plant Molecular Biology department, Agriculture Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
Rashed
rashed5012@yahoo.com
2
Genetic department, faculty of Agriculture, Ain-Shams university, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Shireen
Assem
shireen_assem@yahoo.com
3
Plant Molecular Biology department, Agriculture Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Magdy
Madkour
madkour.magdy@gmail.com
4
Arid Lands Agriculture Research Institute, faculty of Agriculture, Ain-Shams university
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ENHANCING THE DISTRIBUTION UNIFORMITY OF WATER FLOW THROUGH DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM NETWORK USING CLOSED CIRCUITS
This study aimed to enhance distribution uniformity of water flow through drip irrigation system network. The required Laboratory experiments for hydraulic tests and measurements were conducted at National Irrigation Lab of Agricultural Engineering Research Institute ((AENRI), ARC, MOLAR, Egypt. The distribution uniformity is affected by both pressure distribution along pipes and hydraulic characteristics of the drippers. The selected drippers were tested under operating pressures of (50, 75 , 100, 125 and 150 kPa), and the dripper irrigation lateral lengths were (35 ,50 ,75 and 100m). Two designs of drip irrigation were applied; first was closed circuits with two manifolds as a modification of traditional design, and the other design was the traditional with one manifold as a control. Three types of built in drip lines with flow rate of (4l/h) and two types of on line dripper with flow rate of (2 and 4 l/h) were calibrated. The results indicated that the closed circuits was the best specially when using lateral lengths (75 and 100m), but the values were nearly close in case of using lateral lengths of (35 and 50m). Maximizing distribution uniformity is possible for traditional design when using selfcompensating flow rate where it can reach value of 88.2% with 100m lateral length, the accepted lateral length in case of using built in drip line with 30cm spacing was 75m for closed circuits design where the DU % was 94% comparing with 79.2% for traditional design. The closed circuits had a significant positive effect in reducing friction head losses of non-pressure compensating built in drip line ranging from 20 to 41.7 % , where the percentage ranged from 10% to 50% for built in drip line with 50cm spacing – pressure compensating.
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_281492_ebeba1d849d85c724658717114cf9f4c.pdf
2019-12-01
2663
2675
10.21608/ajs.2019.281492
Drip irrigation
Dripper calibration
distribution uniformity
Closed circuits
Friction head losses
Lateral lengths
Aya
Abo-Kora
eng.ayamohamed507@gmail.com
1
Agric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
K.
El-Bagoury
2
Agric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
O.
Bedair
3
Agric. Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
W.
Sultan
4
Agric. Engineering, Res. Inst., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR