@article { author = {Mohamed, Eman and El-Eraky, M. and Nasr, M.M. and Mohamed,, Eman}, title = {CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE AGRICULTURAL IN EGYPT HOLDINGS: 1929-2010}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1253-1273}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34111}, abstract = {Agricultural land holdings went through several changes during the period 1929-2010 due to the changes in the economic orientations and the underpinning economic policies. The study shows that average area of a land holding has declined from 6.13 feddan in 1929 to about 2.19 feddan in 2010. However the average area of a land holding in the old lands has declines from 1.93 feddan in year 2000 to 1.61 feddan in 2010. In contrast the average area of a land holding in the new lands is almost fixed at 9.6-9.7 feddan during the period 2000-2010.   To assess the inequality of the distributions  of land holdings the study estimated the Gini   coefficients of land holdings for several agricultural censuses.  The Gini coefficients were rather high for the years of 1929, 1939 and 1950 with the corresponding values of 0.892, 0.783 and 0.733 respectively. After the 1952 revolution and the issuance of the land reform laws the distributions of land holdings became more equitable as it became evident from the Gini coefficients of 0.597, 0.532 and 0.582 for the years of 1960, 1980 and 1990 respectively.   But apparently there was a reversal in the distribution of agricultural land holdings as the Gini coefficient has shown an upward trend during the period 1990-2010. The Gini coefficient increased from 0.582 in 1990 to 0.628 in year 2000 and then to 0.658 in 2010. This upward trend could be explained by the tendency to concentrate the newly reclaimed agricultural lands in the hands of large farmers and investment companies.     }, keywords = {}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34111.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34111_195228a3db45a99df07870c98173e9ca.pdf} } @article { author = {Arafat, Mona and Selem, Sana and Elsaied, Manal}, title = {ECONOMICS OF MILK PRODUCTION IN THE ARID LAND}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1275-1288}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34112}, abstract = {Despite of the fact that the Egyptian dairy animals and its production is huge but there is a gap between its production and the market needs. That gap can be estimated at 12.92 % on average for the period between 2000 and 2014, it is important therefore to reduce the gap between local production and required consumption.  This study aims to verify the element of milk production and the potentiality of each element to find the best way to reduce the gap in milk production. The study used some economic descriptive and quantitative statistical analysis to achieve its target. In this regard, general time trend models and analysis of regression depends on the kind of variables which were used in the study.   The results concluded that the average number of milking animals in Egypt during the period  (2000-2014) reached 4.08 million heads representing buffalos, cows and goats by 37%, 34% and 29%, respectively. Moreover, the study showed that the average annual milk production of cows represents 51% of the annual average of total milk production while productivity of head was 1.63 tons/head/year. The production of buffalo was 48% with productivity of 1.5 tons/head/year while production of goats represented 1% of the annual average of total milk production with a head productivity of 0.14 tons/head/year. It is there for importance to increase this production by building new dairy farms under aird conditions and available limited resources.  According to the feasibility study for dairy cow farm in arid or new land and after evaluating the farm economically and financially, The results shows that profit can be obtained but it need a large amount of investment which is around 12.19 million Egyptian pounds with operational cost of about 5.19 million Eg for the minimal economical capacity for dairy farm. }, keywords = {Production of dairy animals,Dairy consumption,Economic feasibility of dairy farms in arid lands}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34112.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34112_3fed3b97d7a9e8ef0a766d3184951b32.pdf} } @article { author = {Zakka, M. and Morsi, B. and Amin, Iman}, title = {THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF RECYCLING AGRICULTURAL WASTE ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1289-1302}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34113}, abstract = {Agricultural waste is an unexploited economic value, which makes it an environmental burden. In recent years, the economic importance of some important strategic crops in Egypt has increased and the quantities of waste and secondary products have increased. Both the state and the farms, prompting many farmers to dispose of their agricultural waste in economically and environmentally unsafe ways.  Therefore, the present study aimed to study the economic effects of the recycling of agricultural waste on agricultural production, and the economic  return to reusing these wastes and recycling them for organic fertilizers and non-traditional feeds.  The problem of disposal of agricultural waste in itself is an economic problem for economic, health, social and environmental reasons. Therefore, maximizing the utilization of agricultural waste, either through its use as raw materials for many important industries, increases its economic value and opens up work areas for young graduates.  As a result of the high prices of animal and poultry feed because of the increasing demand for it, there has been increasing interest in trying to use agricultural waste in many different ways in an attempt to fill the deficit in animal feed and high prices. The same is true for fertilizer and agricultural fertilizers. And to know the role played by the state in solving such problems. }, keywords = {Recycling of waste,Agricultural waste- Compost,Return of the Fairy}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34113.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34113_8404d0ba8d3a861a4eee8c9d5e6feffe.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Sayed, Eman and Ragab, M. and Abd El-Ati, A. and Fawzy, Shimaa}, title = {THE ECONOMIC REVENUES OF USING BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY IN THE NEW EGYPTIAN RECLAMED AREAS [}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1303-1315}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34115}, abstract = {Energy sources represent one of the most important inputs of the production process without which the production process can't begin or continue. The process of fossil fuels production has Longley been associated with large amounts of emitted pollutants into the atmosphere starting through the industrial revolution at the beginning of the last century and up to nowadays, causing high levels of pollution that have threatened the human presence on earth. Fossil fuels has three main problems: the first is polluting the environment and the second is that it is steadily depleting and the third is that it has a decreasing supply function, contrary to its increasing demand, which has led to a steady increase in its international prices. It is a must and not a luxury. These made the world to produce the biogas and its secondary product "the biogas compost" which environmentally and economically compatible compared to other alternatives offered in the global market.  In Egypt, the problem of fuel is more acute, especially in the desert provinces, where the challenges of shortage of supply of LPGs combine with increasing demand due to rapid population increase with spatial spacing between production  and distribution areas accompanied by transportation, storage and handling risks, In a short period of time, all of which are a constant pressure on the balance of the local market for fuel, especially gas cylinders (LPG). Increasing carbon emissions from different sectors especially transport and agriculture (with regard to the accumulation and unsustainable handling of agricultural wastes) and the industrial sector pose significant challenges to environmental safety in Egypt. Which makes these factors a pressure pathway for the state to encourage the spread of the use of biogas technology in the agricultural sector, especially as it save the foreign currency through the provision of a complete decomposed, free of parasites, and low cost fertilizer in addition to it doesn't cause environmental pollution compared to other high-cost organic fertilizers and extremely expensive and environmentally pollutant chemical ones. The study found that the size of the most common fermenter in the category of small-size fermenters is 6 m 3 because it has a high economic return.  The research concluded that in biogas production units studied in the newly reclaimed areas of three Governorates (South Sinai, Fayoum, Assiut), net profit reached the end of life of the project, estimated at about 15 years, is about 42642 LE. The average annual profit per unit (4240 LE), IRR (15%), and the total cost recovery period of the unit are estimated at (7 years).   A sensitivity analysis of 10% found that    First    Increase costs by 10%     Net profit of LE 40454.  The average annual profit is LE 3424.  Internal rate of return (IRR) 15%  The total cost recovery period for the unit is 7 years.    Second    Revenues decrease by 10%     Net profit of LE 3622.  The average annual profit is LE 3075.  Internal rate of return (IRR) 15%   The total cost recovery period for the unit is 7 years   Third    Increase costs by 10% and decrease revenue by 10% together     Net profit of LE 34014.  The average annual profit is 3000 pounds.  Internal rate of return (IRR) 15%  The total cost recovery period for the unit is 7 years    The study recommends the use of 6 m3 biogas fermenters in the agriculture sector for heating, lighting and cooking purposes especially in newly reclaimed lands to provide energy and organic fertilizers to ensure the sustainability of the environmental resources in these virgin areas and the success of production processes economically.   }, keywords = {Biogas,The Economic Revenues,net profit,Internal rate of return (IRR),The total cost recovery period for the unit,A sensitivity analysis}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34115.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34115_173ca9f020c953f11a79d33ec2605ffe.pdf} } @article { author = {Khamis, Wessam and Rehan, K. and Riad, Mona}, title = {DETERMINANTS OF CEREAL CONSUMPTION IN EGYPT AND SOME MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1317-2018}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34116}, abstract = {This study depend on the results of the study prepared by the World Bank (WB), the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in order to indicate and analyze the average individual cereal consumption in Egypt and some neighboring countries. The consumption of wheat is ranked first in all countries of the study sample. Consumption of maize comes in second place after consumption of wheat in the countries of the study sample in Africa continent. Consumption of rice is also comes second only to consumption of wheat in the sample countries in Asia continent.     The difference between the average cereal consumption in Egypt and the average cereal consumption in Algeria was about 35.2 kg. This difference is attributed to the total determinants studied as follows:  6.2% due to the percentage of average years of education, 87.3% 17.8% attributable to the percentage of average per capita consumption of maize, -27.5% attributable to the percentage of average per capita consumption of wheat, 11.2% attributed to the percentage of corn / rice import price. In general, it is found that the percentage of rural / urban population is primarily responsible for the difference between the average cereal consumption in Egypt and the average cereal consumption in Egypt's neighboring countries,  followed by average per capita consumption of wheat and average per capita consumption of maize. }, keywords = {Panel Data,Dummy Variables,CobDouglas Function,Step wise Regression}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34116.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34116_057f9ab88352c3bc62946baf2118c3e9.pdf} } @article { author = {Ragab, H. and Rihan, M. and Shehata, M. and Sarhan, H.}, title = {ECONOMIC STUDY FOR COMPETITIVENESS OF MOST IMPORTANT EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS OF VEGETABLES AND FRUITS}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1329-1342}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34118}, abstract = {Lack of geographical diversity for the future markets for Egyptian agricultural and food exports and Egypt's dependence on neighboring countries in this regard.  The main markets for Egyptian agricultural and food exports were average in the period 20112016 in Saudi Arabia by about 13.1%, followed by Libya, Russia and Britain with 5.9%, 5.7% and 4.1% respectively. Italy with a rate of about 3.9% and the UAE by about 5.2%.  It was found that the potato crop is one of the most important export crops in the vegetables, representing about 22.5% of the total value of Egyptian exports of vegetables, while the grapes were one of the most important Egyptian export crops in the fruit group, representing about 20.6% of the total fruit exports. -2016.  There was a statistically significant increase in the quantity and value of Egyptian exports of potatoes and grapes.  The increase in the indicators of comparative advantage of Egyptian potatoes, which enhances the position of competitiveness of Egyptian potatoes in foreign markets.  The relative advantage of the correct one decreased until 2003, while comparative advantage increased from 2004 until the end of the study period. This may be attributed to the success of the  Egyptian side in increasing the production and marketing capabilities of grapes and hence the relative advantage of this crop.  Egypt is the 13th largest exporter of grapes in the world and contributes about 2.2% of the total value of world exports as an average for the period 2012-2016.  It was found that Egypt is the fifth largest exporter of grapes to the United Kingdom and was ranked first in South Africa and Spain.              shows that the rate of export growth of the competition countries is greater than the rate of growth in Egypt, i.e., the competing countries take the share of the Egyptian side and reached the market share 5.8%, as evidenced by the low penetration rate of the market, which amounted to about 2.4%, as it became clear that the penetration rate of the market in Saudi Arabia, which amounted to about 17.5%.  Egypt is ranked eighth among the most important potato exporting countries in the world and contributes about 4.3% of the total amount of world exports as an average for the period 2012-2016. It was found that Egypt occupies the first position of the most important potato exporting countries to Russia and was second and third place in China and Azerbaijan. Table (9) shows that the rate of export growth of the countries of competition is lower than the growth rate in Egypt, where the rate of growth of Egyptian exports to Russia was 7% 38.1%. The market penetration rate, which is about 0.6%, was found to be low, and the penetration rate of the Dutch market was about 5.5%.     }, keywords = {Comparative advantage,Market penetration rate,Market share}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34118.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34118_fe85543a851dca42c416f78dfb667337.pdf} } @article { author = {Ramadan, Amira and Salem, Raghda}, title = {AN EVALUATION OF PRE-SERVICE TRAINING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY STUDENTS, MANSOURA UNIVERSITY IN THE TRANSFER OF EXTENSION KNOWLEDGE TO THEIR PEERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH FIELD}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1343-1365}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34119}, abstract = {The study aimed to identify an evaluation of pre-service training on the performance of agriculture Faculty students, Mansoura University in the transfer of extension knowledge to their peers in public health field. The data were collected from 504 students representing an accident sample from the second and third levels of the Faculty for determination of the training needs in public health field during the period from October to November 2016 by personal interview. A purposive sample of 12 students was chosen and trained to transfer extension knowledge, the highest needed field, to their peers during the period from September to December 2017.  Arithmetic mean, (t) test paired and (t) test for independent samples were used as statistical tools for analyzing data and deducing results. 1- The highest needed training field from the studied public health fields was smoking and addiction (52.58%). 2- The trained students who evaluated the training session exhibited a high level of satisfaction (87.7%). 3-  There were significant differences (P < 0.01) between the knowledge degree  means of the students before and after the training program implementation related to knowledge transfer in the smoking and addiction field. 4- There were significant differences (P < 0.01 ( between the knowledge degree means of the two groups which received knowledge from the trained specialist and non-specialist students before and after knowledge transfer process in the smoking and addiction field. 5- There were insignificant differences between the knowledge degree means of the two groups which received knowledge from the non-trained specialist and nonspecialist students before and after knowledge transfer process in the smoking and addiction field. 6- There were significant differences in the knowledge degree means between the two specialist groups which methodologically and non-methodologically received knowledge in the smoking and addiction field.  There were significant differences in the knowledge degree means between the two nonspecialist groups which methodologically and nonmethodologically received knowledge in the smoking and addiction field.  }, keywords = {Training,knowledge transfer}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34119.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34119_92a6835f867ab750e2e01b4d204fe54c.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd-Elrahman, Zeinab and Mohamed, Heba}, title = {ELECTRONIC MARKETING AND ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF RURAL WOMEN}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1367-1384}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34120}, abstract = {The Research  aimed to identify the types of products marketed by the respondents electronically, to identify the marketing methods used by the respondents, and what is preferred, identify the contribution of e-marketing in establishing women's own project, to identify the advantages and disadvantages of e-marketing from the point of view of the respondents, to identify the level of economic empowerment of rural women who market their products electronically, to identify the effect of Independent variables on The dependent variable( economic empowerment), and  to identify the activities and extension efforts in the field of electronic marketing.  The research was based on the social survey approach by selecting a randomly sample of the respondents in Qalyubiya Governorate (90) respondents, (30) respondents with Qalyubiya Facebook groups and (60) respondents were selected through (Open Day) (is a day of rural women show electronic products through Facebook pages). Data were collected during June, July and August 2017 and using frequencies and percentages, Pearson's simple correlation coefficient, Step-Wise analysis to analyze research data.    The most important result are as the follows    1- Most of the products that are marketed electronically are clothing (40%), Beauty Products (26.7%), Household products (7.8%), household  food (7.8%), indicating Products not related to rural products and its products indicates a change in some purchasing habits in the countryside, which can be traced to electronic marketing. 2-(41.1%) of the respondents marketed their products through social networking sites, while (53.9%) of the sample used the usual marketing methods (such as selling in shops, markets) and the use of social networking sites in marketing. Half of the sample (45.6%) prefer marketing through social networking pages, (23.3%) prefer normal marketing, and (31.1%) prefer to use both methods. 3-The results showed that e-marketing contributed to the establishment of women in their own project. About (55.6%) of respondents said that emarketing was easy to market their products, and (51.1%) of respondents said that emarketing encouraged them to do their own project. 4-The most advantages of electronic marketing from the point of view of the respondents is to interact at any time, and get the largest number of customers, and marketing outside the village, and determine the opinion of the customer easily, easy to spread products and easy access to customers through social networking pages, and it has some disadvantages, the most important of which is the difficulty of inspecting the product to ensure the quality (14.3%). It requires follow-up and continuity to the personal page or the group on which the products are displayed (16.4%), the seasonality of the sale, the absence of a fixed salary (6.7%), and (8.4%) of the respondents mentioned that there are no disad vantages for electronic marketing from their point of view. 5- More than half of the sample (58.9%) is in the average empowerment category, while (37.8%) are in the low category, (3.3%) are in the high empowerment category. 6- The results of the study showed that there are four independent variables of the independent  variables, "e-marketing, training, family support, the judgment of the respondents on their project", all of which explain about 41.2% of the variation in the level of economic empowerment of the researchers. 7- All the participants were not exposed to any activities or extension efforts by the extension system.     }, keywords = {Electronic marketing,Economic empowerment,Rural Women}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34120.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34120_5f6c7ff14ddea74414c72b7f7618746f.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahros, Samia}, title = {EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION IN THE PRODUCTION OF DATE PALM CROP AT BAHARIYA OASIS IN GIZA GOVERNORATE}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1385-1401}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2017.34121}, abstract = {The current research was conducted to determine the degree of effectiveness of agricultural extension in date palm production, determining the relationship between the independent variables studied and the effectiveness of agricultural extension in the production of palm date palm, identifying the problems facing the farmers, to achieve the research objectives, Bahariya Oasis at Giza governorate was selected as a geographic field for the study sample, a systematic random sample of 235 farmers representing (10%) of the farmers totaled 2350 at the study area. Data were collected through the personal interview with the sample research using a questionnaire. Frequencies, percentage, range, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, analysis of variance, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), and step-wise regression analysis were utilized to present and analyze data.  Results showed that (51.4%) of the respondents fell under the medium category of indicator of  the degree of effectiveness of agricultural extension in date palm production, and (37.6%) of them fell under the low category of the indicator, while (11%) of the total sample fell under the high category of the indicator.  Results indicate that the degree of effectiveness of extension activities in the date palm production was significant at 0.01 for each of the researcher's education, the date of agricultural tenure of date palms, the number of years of experience in date palm cultivation and the driving grade, while the number of years of experience in agricultural work, the degree of trend towards agricultural innovations and the degree of orientation towards extension were significant at 0.05.  Results also showed four variables out of the total independent variables which explain around (43.8%) of the total variation of effectiveness of extension activities in the date palm production using the Step Wise regression i.e. the date of agricultural tenure of date palms, the number of years of experience in date palm cultivation, the researcher's education and the degree of trend towards agricultural innovations.     }, keywords = {Effectiveness of agricultural extension,date palm}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34121.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34121_fe70187cfb3cf5a147a6434236e9cad3.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamed, Ayat and Yehia, M. and Rihan, Jacinthe and Abd-Elrahman, Zeinb}, title = {ROLE OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF RURAL WOMEN: CASE STUDY IN "TAHLA”, BANHA DISTRICT, QALUBIA GOVERNORATE}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1403-1426}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34122}, abstract = {The resent study aims to identify the role of Local Development Fund (LDF), affiliated to the Ministry of Local Development in economic empowerment of rural women, to determine most important factors affecting the level of economic empowerment. Furthermore to identify the economic, social and health obstacles facing rural women. A study was conducted in   "Tahla village", Banha district in Qalubia governorate. A random sample was selected including150 rural women from the beneficiaries’ of the Local Development Fund loans. A questionnaire was used during personal interviews with the rural women from July to August 2017.   The data was tabulated and analyzed by using several statistical methods such as: range, arithmetic mean, standard division, correlation coeffi cient, and stepwise regression model using SPSS program. The study results indicated that the economic empowerment indicator ranges between (43) - (29) with Arithmetic mean (36.8), standard deviation (3.36). The indicator range was divided into 3 equal categories. The results also showed that (44.7%) from the total population sample fell in the medium category of the indicator. The high category included (36.7%), and the lowest category included (18.7%) from the total sample population.  The data analysis using the Multi Regression coefficient was statistically significant at the forth step were the value of “F” calculated was (12.94) at the level of significance 0.01. The Determination coefficient was (0.284) which means that only four variables from the total of the independent variables explains (28.4%) of the total variance in the economic empowerment in the study sample which are as follows: household condition, husband age, respondent age, and woman social recognition in her society.    }, keywords = {Local development fund,empowerment,Economic empowerment}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34122.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34122_8ca5d959ea2c421387f14904b44c71f6.pdf} } @article { author = {Sheikhmoos, S. and Nehal, M. and Al-Sltil, M. and Tara, Randa}, title = {THE SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF SUNN PEST EGG PARASITOIDS Eurygaster integriceps Put. IN THE NORTH EAST OF SYRIA}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1429-1436}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34123}, abstract = {The study of distribution and field efficacy of egg parasitoids was conducted in several wheat fields in north east of Syria (Amoda, Al-Qamishly, Al- Qehtanya, Al-Jwadya and Al-Malikya) in the 2011 field season. The results of surveys and taxonomy showed that fives parasitoid species  belonging to Scelionidae family and order of  Hymenoptera are: Trissolcus grandis Thomson,  Trissolcus simoni Mayr, Trissolcus semistriatus Ness, Trissolcus vassiilievi Mayr and Gryon fasciatus Priener. The abundant species were T. grand which occurred in all sites and rate parasitism reached to 37.74% to all eggs, and T. vassilievi which occurred in all sites except Amoda and parasitism reached to 32.10%. T. semistriatus recovered in Al-Qamishly, Al- Qehtanya and Al-Malikya and parasitism reached to 16.98%. T. simoni  was recovered only from Amoda, Gryon faciatus only from Al-Malikya. Overall parasitism rates reached 44.17% throughout the season. }, keywords = {biological control,Egg parasitoids Sunn Pest Eurygaster integriceps,Parasitism %}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34123.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34123_60544db1281e735a4f4c3d6b293485e6.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel-Hak, Rasha and El-Shazly, S. and El-Gazzar, A. and Shaaban, E.}, title = {EFFECTS OF NANO CARBON AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON GROWTH, LEAF MINERAL CONTENT, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF FLAME SEEDLESS GRAPE}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1439-1448}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34124}, abstract = {This investigation was carried out through two successive seasons (2014 and 2015) to investigate the effects of nano-carbon and nitrogen fertilization levels on growth, leaf mineral content, yield and fruit quality of 3 years old flame seedless grapevines, cultivated in a private orchard with loamy soil texture, at Gharbiya Governorate. Ten treatments were applied as a randomized complete block design with three replications. The result indicated that 80%N from recommended requirment+0.6% carbon nano tubes (CNTs) increased significantly leaf area, fresh and dry weight, total carbohydrate% and concentration of N, P, K, Mg, and Fe in leaves, weight of 100 berries,  and juice weight of 100 berries compared with control. Also results showed that yield of combined application of 80% conventional fertilizer of nitrogen and nano-carbon at 0.6%was equal to that with supplied 100% conventional fertilizer (control). This indicated that the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer was increased after combined application of nano-carbon, which can save the N fertilizer amounts in production practice.}, keywords = {Nano technology,Carbon nano tubes- Flame seedless grape–Leaf mineral content- Yield- Fruit quality}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34124.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34124_34699df4927daf6218672c7661fd9df7.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed, E. and Abo El-Azam, Nashwa and El-Behairy, U. and Abdallah, M.}, title = {ORGANIC PEA SPROUT IN DOOR TO IMPROVE PIE QUALITY}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1449-1460}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34125}, abstract = {nsidered to be more health- beneficial and nutritive. The effect of sprouting pea seeds at open field and laboratory on the green sprouts yield characters and their nutritional values were studied. Result revealed that number of shoots, fresh and dry yield of pea sprout per square meter was increased significantly under laboratory condition over open filed. Protein content was found to increase in green pea sprout at laboratory as compared with open field. Conversely trend was occurred for carbohydrate and lipids. Sprout grown under open filed had the highest content of P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe compared with laboratory ones. On the other hand, higher vitamin E and C (853.6 and 51.1 mg/100g, respectively) was observed as grown under open filed than laboratory (189.1 and 48.6 mg/100g, respectively). The effect of partial replacement of wheat flour with 12.5% and 25% of green and etiolated pea sprout flour on the sensory evaluation and amino acids profile of pea pie were also studied. Supplemented pie with etiolated pea sprout with 12.5% or 25% was more preferable by panelists than green sprout flour and nearly to control. The present work confirmed that the recommended supplementation of refined wheat flour should be up to 12.5% of pea sprout flour. Values of protein efficiency ratio (PER) of pea sprout pies were ranged from 1.06 to 1.69 which higher than control (0.76). The essential amino acid index (EAAI) of pea pie supplemented with 25% green pea sprouts was useful for food since the value is  above 80%. Also, the biological value exhibited the highest value in the same pie. However, highest nutritional index (NI) was obtained from pie supplemented with 25% green pea sprouts (23.46%) over other treatments. Therefore, combination of wheat flour with pea sprout flour can be recommended for high nutritional quality for human, Since it have good protein quality  because the amino acid compositions of wheat and peas complement each other, producing a balanced mixture of amino acids. }, keywords = {Pea sprout,vitamins,minerals,pea sprout flour,pies,biological value and nutritional index}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34125.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34125_a226c26c53bff33c6f7012dddd6c4c1f.pdf} } @article { author = {Moustafa, A. and Abdel-Hamid, N. and Abd El-Hamid, A. and El-Sonbaty, M. and Abd El-Naby, S.}, title = {IMPROVING FRUIT SET, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF KHADRAWI DATE PALM CULTIVAR}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1461-1470}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34126}, abstract = {This experiment was carried out during 2015 and 2016 experimental seasons to investigate the effect of spraying with moringa extract at 3%, garlic extract at 3% or ascorbic acid at 300 ppm on fruit set, yield and fruit quality of Khadrawi date palm cultivar. Anyhow, bunches were sprayed at three times (3 hours before pollination then 4 and 8 weeks after pollination). The present results indicated that spraying date palm bunches with moringa extract or garlic extract recorded the highest initial fruit set in the first and second seasons, respectively. As well as, moringa extract gave the highest fruit retention and yield in both seasons. In addition, all treatments improved some fruit physical characteristics i.e. fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit volume and fruit length compared to the control treatment in the two studied seasons. Also, results showed that moringa extract or ascorbic acid increased TSS%, total sugars % and reducing sugars % in both seasons compared to the control. Meanwhile, the lowest fibers % was obtained by garlic extract in the two seasons. Also, all treatments had no significant effect on total acidity % and tannins content in both seasons.}, keywords = {date palm,Khadrawi,fruit set,yield,fruit quality,moringa extract,garlic extract,ascorbic acid}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34126.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34126_04feed1bbe5373ba50b3bf591d066cc9.pdf} } @article { author = {Drwish, Amira and Abd Rabou, R. and Zaky, A. and Hamoda, S.}, title = {EFFECT OF SOME NUTRIENTS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND FIBER QUALITY OF EGYPTIAN COTTON UNDER SALINE CONDITION}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1473-1482}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34144}, abstract = {Two pot experiments were carried out at the greenhouse of the Cotton Research Institute, Agric. Res. Cent., Giza, Egypt during 2015 and 2016 seasons to study the response of cotton plant to application of some nutrients to improve the performance of cotton plant under irrigation of saline water to increase growth, yield and yield components and fiber quality of Giza 90 cotton cultivar.  The experimental design was a split plot design with four replications. Main plots included saline water solutions treatments (control, 2000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 ppm), sub plot included four nutrients application (Potassium Humate, Algex, Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 and Potassein compared with control). The obtained results could be summarized as follows: Irrigation with saline  water over seasons significantly decreased plant height, number of fruiting branches/plant, number of open bolls /plant, boll weight, seed index, seed cotton yield per plant, fiber length, uniformity index, fiber strength and micronaire value,  while, lint % was significantly increased. Nutrients application had significant effect on growth parameters, yield and its components and fiber properties under study, All nutrients treatments gave the highest values of growth parameters, yield and its components and fiber properties as compared with the control in both seasons. In general, plants sprayed with PEG gave the highest averages of plant height, number of fruiting branches/plant. Potassium Humate gave  the highest averages of yield and its components and fiber properties followed by plants sprayed with Algex, while the plants sprayed with PEG as came the last in these respect in both seasons. Interaction between irrigation with slain water and nutrients application by salinity tolerance inducers had a significant effect on plant height, number of fruiting branches per plant,  boll weight,  number of open bolls /plant, seed index, seed cotton yield /plant and fiber quality under study in both seasons. Plants treated with foliar nutrients under salinity condation scored the highest average of growth parameters, yield and its components and fiber properties. Potassium Humate, Algex, PEG and Potassein applications to plants under normal and salinity conditions had positive effects on improving the performance of cotton plants, which increased plant growth and yield especially under salinity conditions.}, keywords = {Cotton,saline water,potassium humate,Algex,poly ethylene glycol,Potassein,Growth,Yield and Fiber Quality}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34144.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34144_ed5c5b96297db8ec397721eebdef6c0e.pdf} } @article { author = {Shahin, M. and El-Bially, M. and Saudy, H. and El-Metwally, I.}, title = {SOWING DATE AND IRRIGATION EFFECTS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN SUNFLOWER}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1483-1493}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34147}, abstract = {Abiotic stresses represent a major impediment to crop productivity, especially in arid regions. Thus, over two years of 2014 and 2015, a field experiment was undertaken at El Nubaria region, Egypt to assess the productivity and water use efficiency (WUE) of sunflower as affected by planting dates (April 21, May 21, and June 21) and  irrigation levels (ET100%, ET85% and ET70%,). Results clarified that leaf chlorophyll a content was higher by sowing in May than in either April or June sowings, while leaf carotenoides of plant sown in May or June surpassed those sown in April. The minimal value of proline was obtained with sowing in May. Sowing in May increased plant height by 52.2 and 22.3 as well as LAI by 19.3 and 73.1% than sowing in April and June, respectively. The reductions in seed yield, oil yield and WUE amounted to 10.5 and 12.8, 13.7 and 18.3 as well as 11.8 and 9.8 % with April and June sowings, respectively, compared to May sowing. ET100% showed superiority over than ET85% and ET70% in improving sunflower yields and its attributes, but WUE did not affect. Sunflower sown in May and irrigated with ET100% gave the maximum values of seed yield and its attributes and WUE surpassing other interaction treatments. In June, WUE value increased under severe water deficit i.e. ET70% comparing to moderately water–stressed (ET85%) or well–watered conditions (ET100%).     }, keywords = {Sunflower yield,Irrigation,planting date,abiotic stress,water use efficiency}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34147.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34147_4b4466ce3bfc80bd1f7d12f98de62478.pdf} } @article { author = {Eltohamy, M. and Mahrous, M. and Radwan, Lamiaa and Galal, A.}, title = {THE EFFECT OF CROSS AND RECIPROCAL CROSS ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, FERTILITY AND HATCHABILITY FOR LOCAL CHICKEN}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1495-1499}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34149}, abstract = {The objective of this present study is Studying the effect of crossing and reciprocal cross on productive performance, Fertility and hatchability for local chicken. The experiment was carried out in the farm of the Faculty of Agriculture - Ain Shams University. Their experimental research began when birds from two local breeds 22 week of age, where, sixty chickens (30 Fayoumi breeds, 30 Sinai breeds).were used at 26 weeks of age semen was collected artificially from 12 cocks (6 Fayoumi , 6 Sinai).semen from each cock artificially inseminated 48 female within each breed. Were attribution taken to be a parent stock. They were housed in batteries and then they transferred into individual batteries until the end of the experiment (36 weeks of age). The two breeds were mated and four crosses were produced Male Fayoumi*Female Fayoumi (FF) , Male Fayoumi*Female Sinai (FS) ,Male Sinai*Female Sinai(SS) , Male Sinai*Female Fayoumi (SF) After the second generation hatching ,the resolutely indicated that (FF) breed had the highest Fertility percent while the (SF)cross was the highest Hatchability calculated from the total eggs and also from fertile eggs . and Individual body weight (in grams) was recorded for each sex separately within each breed at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 weeks of age. Male Sinai*Female Fayoumi (SF) was found to be the best breeds in terms of body weight and vitality and better in food conversion. The most important results observed from this study indicated that the (SF) cross had the best in fertility, the best hatchability calculated from total and fertile eggs, body weight and body weight gain.    So, it could be concluded that, cross procedure could be used in order to achieve genetic improvement from local breeds, which mean the possibility of increasing our production and hence on consumption from our local breeds and reducing on dependence from foreign breeds.   }, keywords = {Cross and Reciprocal cross for local breeds}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34149.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34149_970b455b2e409aa8e893cec0a8daee97.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Domyati, A. and Gad, A. and Mahrous, M. and Soliman, H.}, title = {THE EFFECT OF CROSSING BOUSCAT WITH GABALI RABBITS ON BODY WEIGHT AND CARCASS TRAITS}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1501-1506}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34151}, abstract = {Data on rabbits produced from a total number of 518 parities were analyzed to evaluate crossing effects among two breeds of rabbits. The breeds tested were Gabali (GAB) and Bouscat (B). sex effects on post weaning body weight were also studied. A total number of 80 rabbits at marketing age were slaughtered to evaluate effects of mating type and sex on some carcass traits. Mating type affected significantly (P ≤ 0.001) progeny weight from weaning up to marketing age and preslaughter, carcass, slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, fore legs weight and hind legs weight at marketing age. Meanwhile, the effects were not significant on loin weight and dressing percentages . Sex insignificantly affected body weight although body weights of female rabbits were slightly heavier than those of male rabbits. Effects of sex on carcass traits were not significant. Heterosis % and superiority % of body weight estimates were positive for all post weaning weights. Positive heterosis was shown for some carcass traits.}, keywords = {body weight,carcass traits,Crossing,Heterosis}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34151.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34151_ebcce523c4b2757e7b8c40129b98d504.pdf} } @article { author = {Madkour, A. and Allam, Magda and Abdel Fattah, A. and Kishk, Y.}, title = {FUNCTIONAL, RHEOLOGICAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF DEFATTED-HYDROLYZED RICE BRAN AS FAT REPLACERS IN PREPARED BISCUIT}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1509-1519}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34152}, abstract = {Defatted rice bran (DRB) and hydrolyzed defatted rice bran (DRBT) were prepared from rice bran meal (RBM). Proximate composition, oil and water binding capacities, emulsifying and foaming characteristics were determined. Effect of different substitution of DRB and DRBT as Fat replacers in biscuit on the farenograph parameters and sensory characteristics were also evaluated. The total protein, ash and crude fiber were significantly (P≤0.05) increased in each of DRB and DRBT compared to RBM. Defatted rice bran protein hydrolyzed improved the DRBT water, oil absorption index being 1.7. Used each of DRB or DRBT gave high emulsifying activity and stability indices in casein model system. The same trend was observed with foam activity and stability indices in egg albumin system. farenogram parameters significant (P≤0.05) affected by using DRB and DRBT. The prepared biscuits samples had high sensory scores with 10 to 50 % DRB and DRBT attributes and recorded non-significant (P≤0.05) differences compared to control sample.}, keywords = {defatted rice bran,Emulsifying activity,Foam activity,biscuit-sensory characteristics}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34152.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34152_6d91a0536b702f0ac2a75d173089ddd8.pdf} } @article { author = {Shaaban,, Fatma and Mostafa, M. and Abdel-Salam, M. and Atia, M.}, title = {DEVELOPMENT AND THERMAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS EVALUATION OF A TRUNCATED PYRAMID SOLAR COOKER}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1521-1531}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34155}, abstract = {Study aimed to develop and evaluate the thermal performance of truncated pyramid solar cooker viz non-modified and modified. Tests have been carried out in Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shubra El-Kheima, Egypt (Latitude 30o11’ N, Longitude 31o24’ E). The solar cookers were not loaded, and loaded with 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 liter of water. The modified truncated pyramid was filled with different quantities of rice. The thermal performance was evaluated by using first figure of Merit, second figure of Merit and energy efficiency. textural properties of rice and biscuits and cost analysis were measured. The absorber plate temperature of the modified was 51. 8 % higher than the absorber plate temperature of the non-modified cooker. The calculated values of first figure of Merit was 0.102 and 0.08 oC.m2/W with modified and non-modified truncated pyramid cooker types, respectively. The value of second figure of Merit was 0.239 and 0.523 for modified and non-modified truncated pyramid cooker, respectively.   }, keywords = {Solar cooker,Truncated pyramid cooker,Thermal Performance,Solar system evaluation}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34155.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34155_6027d67fc96830d7490e287314b9f56f.pdf} } @article { author = {Labib, M. and Hegazi, M. and El-Bagoury, K. and Boulos, M.}, title = {EFFECT OF SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEM DESIGN ON THE SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1533-1545}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34158}, abstract = {A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of drain depth on the drainage water quality and flax productivity. The flax crop was planted during winter season. The field experiment was conducted at the Bahteem Research Station, Qaliubiya Governorate, from November 2015 till April 2016. Two design systems were selected, the first was conventional drainage system (CDS), with drain depth 1.5 m, the second was modified drainage system (MDS), three lateral drain lines were installed to main drain directly. The depth of the lateral drain was (0.90 - 1.0) m.   The obtained results revealed that the salinity of the average soil profile decreased after the second irrigation onward. The soil salinity percentages of (MDS) decreased by (47, 30 and 9.5) for (2nd, 3rd and 4th) irrigation, respectively. On the other hand, soil salinity percentages of (CDS) decreased by (40, 32 and 9) for (2nd, 3rd and 4th) irrigation, respectively. The chloride percentages for average soil profile of (MDS) decreased by (77, 82 and 54) for (2nd, 3rd and 4th) irrigation, respectively. On the other hand, the chloride percentages of (CDS) decreased by (70, 75 and 35) for (2nd, 3rd and 4th) irrigation, respectively. The EC values of drainage water of (MDS) decreased from first irrigation onwards. The EC percentages of drainage water salinity of (MDS) decreased by (10.6, 18.2 and 22.7) for (2nd, 3rd and 4th) irrigation, respectively. On the other hand, the EC percentages of drainage water salinity of (CDS) decreased by (6.3, 5.6 and 24.6) for (2nd, 3rd and 4th) irrigation, respectively. The chloride percentages of drainage water  salinity of (MDS) decreased by (22.6, 43 and 14.2) for (2nd, 3rd and 4th) irrigation, respectively. On the other hand, the chloride percentages of (CDS) decreased by (14.7, 32 and 16.4) for (2nd, 3rd and 4th) irrigation, respectively. The piezometer reading showed that the water table levels reaching the soil surface upon irrigation reached low level before the next irrigation. The average values of water table after first irrigation were (14.5, 11 cm) for (MDS) and (29.5, 24 cm) for (CDS) for (L/4, L/2 distance from drain line), respectively. Also the results indicated that the water table level continue decreasing for both systems before 2nd and 3rd irrigation. The results recorded were (91, 82 cm), (140.5, 132 cm) before 2nd irrigation; (75.5, 60 cm), (133.5, 125 cm) before 3rd irrigation for (L/4, L/2 distance from drain line) for both systems (MDS) and (CDS), respectively. On the other hand data showed that the water table was higher after 2nd irrigation on ward. The results recorded were (16.5, 10 cm), (33.5, 25 cm) after 2nd irrigation; (7.5, 3 cm), (28, 21 cm) after 3rd irrigation for (L/4, L/2 distance from drain line) for both systems (MDS) and (CDS) respectively. So (MDS) produced drainage water with higher quality and lower salts concentration than the (CDS). At the end of the season the flax productivity was 3.5 ton/fed for both systems. It can be recommended to be used (MDS) with shallow drain depth. }, keywords = {Conventional and modified drainage system,Soil salinity,Shallow drain depth,Drainage water and piezomete}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34158.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34158_26d833032e9b894fa07a8896658645a4.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel Razek, Mayada and Moustafa, M. and Baiomy, M and Abdel Galil, A.}, title = {MODIFICATION AND PERFORMANCE OF DEVICE FOR TESTING THE DIESEL ENGINE INJECTOR}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1547-1555}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34160}, abstract = {iesel engine, but most of it is operating manually, maintenance and repair centers mostly have used the manually device which depended on the hand of operator to operate it therefore there are inaccuracies in tests. The injector tester device was modified from manual operation to mechanical operation to achieve the uniformity of the injection pressure during the injector test, install of reading, save time and accuracy of testing. Injector tester before the modification was consisted of small fuel tank, pump, pressure gauge, handle pumping and connecting tube. The injector tester device after the modification was consisted of main frame, fuel tank, injection unit, power transmission and measuring table.  From the experiments the fuel consumption was increased with injector tester device before modification than device after modification that with three different injectors due to the regularity of the motion in the mechanical device, but the manual device that is dependent on operator and the irregularity of motion which cause irregularity of pressure. Also, the fuel consumption was decreased with injectors' faults. This is indicating of accuracy reading pressure with the modified devices compared with the device before modified. The results indicated for the important factors which effect on the regularity of injection pressure during the injector testing. The injection pressure for modifying tester device was 175 bar and fuel consumption was 0.73 L/h. The injection pressure  and fuel consumption for tester device before modification were 210 bar and 4.73 L/h respectively. The rate of reducing can be concluded by using the modified tester device for the injection pressure was 1:0.83 and for fuel consumption was 1:0.155 as compared with the manual tester.   }, keywords = {Injection pressure,fuel consumption,Injector tester,Manual tester,Mechanical tester}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34160.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34160_9900baefa808460a7c3e3508a8f086f1.pdf} } @article { author = {Morsy, Heba and El-Leboudi, A. and El-Etr, Wafaa and Abd-Elrahman, Shaimaa}, title = {SILICON BEHAVIOR IN SOILS CONTAINED DIFFERENT SILICON AND PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS USING ADSORPTION MODELS [}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1557-1571}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34161}, abstract = {Silicon (Si) is an element, not essential, but is beneficial for some plants. The Freundlich model was used to describe Si adsorption on soil samples incubated with different Si and phosphorus (P) concentrations. Soil incubated samples were: T1 soil had no Si or P (control); T2, T3 and T4 soils contained 50, 100, and 200 mg Si L-1, respectively. T5 and T6  soils contained 50 mg Si L-1 in combined with either 7 or 10 mg P L-1 along with T7 and T8 soil  contained 100 mg Si L-1 in combined with either  7  or 10 mg P L-1. In final, T9 and T10 soil contained 200 mg Si L-1 in combined with either 7 or 10 mg P L-1. A series of adsorption experiments were performed using sodium metasilicate pentahydrate (Na2O3Si.5H2O) solution prepared to have concentrations representing 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 mg Si L-1. The supernatant of Si concentration was determined. The amount of element adsorbed was calculated as the difference between applied element concentrations and that remaining in solution after equilibration. Adsorption isotherms were determined at room temperature (25 oC±1).   Results revealed that a positive trend was generally found; increases in amount of adsorption onto soil with increasing Si concentration and equilibrium concentration in concerned solution either applied separately or applied + initial available Si concentration in soil. The Freundlich equation provides a good fit to the sorption data for all incubated soil samples and R2 values were ranged from  0.82 to 0.97. Present study indicated that adsorption capacity value (Kf) decreased from T1 to T3 soil samples then increased at T4 sample, and intensity adsorption values (1/n) gave almost an opposite trend to that of capacity adsorption (Kf) values.   Moreover, adsorption of Si onto soil incubated with different Si concentrations in combined with P2 decreased as compared to P1. Opposite trend was obtained with equilibrium Si concentration in concerned solution. Also, present study showed that the higher values of Kf obtained in P1 soils (T5, T7 and T9), compared to Kf values of P2 soils (T6, T8 and T10), and intensity adsorption values (1/n) gave almost an opposite trend to that of capacity adsorption (Kf) in both P1 and P2 soils. Finally, large Si sorption capacity and low Si affinity for the surface sites were observed in soil incubated with high Si concentration compared to soil incubated with low ones. }, keywords = {silicon,phosphorus,Concentrations,Adsorption,Freundlich equation}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34161.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34161_7f2bc36aa669ec6b20d4aca01bd958dd.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Gannam, Dina and Ramadan, K. and Teleb, Nermin and El-Aasar, A.}, title = {HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA EXTRACTS ON ACETAMINOPHEN-INDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN RATS}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1573-1584}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34163}, abstract = {is study aimed to evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant activities of Moringa Oleifera Lam (MO) extracts, and their protective effects in acetaminophen (APAP)- induced liver injury in rats caused by oxidative damage. The antioxidants activities of ethanolic, aqueous and hexane extracts of different MO edible parts were investigated by DPPH radical scavenging capacity and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays. The ethanolic extracts of different parts of MO were found to have higher antioxidant capacity compared to the aqueous and hexane extracts. The flowers ethanolic extract has the highest total antioxidants capacity among the other different parts of MO follo wed by leaves, pods, roots and finally seeds. HPLC-MS scanning of ethanolic leave extracts showed the presence of flavonoid derivates Apigenin, quercetin and kaempferol in addition to chlorogenic acid.  In the hepatoprotective study, either leaves or pods extracts (300mg/Kg bw or 600mg/Kg bw stomach tube orally) were administrated to rats one hour prior to administration of a single dose of APAP (4g/Kg bw by stomach tube orally). The hepatoprotective activity of MO leaves and pods extracts were followed for 21 days by observed in the levels of liver markers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the levels of oxidative damage markers including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT), wich analysed and compared between groups pretreated with MO extracts +APAP to those treated with  APAP alone. The outcome of this parameters indicate reduction in the severity of liver damage in group treated with MO extracts + APAP and compared to those treated with APAP alone . Also, histopathological examination of liver tissues of rats treated with MO extracts showed an improvement at the end of experiment.  The results of this study indicate the hepatoprotective properties of MO leaves and pods ethanolic extracts against liver injury and thereby signify its traditional use. }, keywords = {Moringa oleifera Lam,ethanolic extracts,Hepatoprotective,antioxidants}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34163.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34163_6c17ce470617545e6c5d07d6b68f4941.pdf} } @article { author = {Abu-Afifeh, A. and Al-Sanosy, Neima and Ibrahim, Heba and Soliman, Kh}, title = {MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME SEEDED TYPE DATE PALM TREES IN EGYPT}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1587-1598}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34166}, abstract = {In the present study, molecular fingerprinting among selected ten seeded type date palm trees growing at Al Dakhlah Oasis, New Valley Governorate in Egypt was carried out, in this approach 10 RAPD and 10 ISSR primers were used. In RAPD markers, primers 1, 3, 4, and 6 showed the highest level of polymorphism with number of polymorphic amplicons of 100%. While primers 7 and 8 resulted in the lowest number of polymorphic bands with polymorphism level of 62% and 63%, respectively. The similarity between Acsad-Dakhla 6 and 7 (0.76%) was observed as maximum similarity. While, Acsad-Dakhla 5 exhibited a minimum degree of similarity with all the seeded type date palm trees ranging from 33% to 49%. According to ISSR, highest polymorphism was generated by primers 8 and 9 (100%). While primers 4 and 2 produced the lowest polymorphism 50% and 55.6%, respectively. The highest similarity was observed between Acsad-Dakhla 8 and Acsad- Dakhla 9. Acsad-Dakhla 5 and Acsad-Dakhla 7 showed close relationship but Acsad-Dakhla 10 was at distant from all the seeded type date palm trees and did not lie in any subcluster. In combined analysis, the similarity between Acsad-Dakhla 6 and 7 were similar to Acsad-Dakhla 9 and 10 showed maximum similarity (85%). While, Acsad- Dakhla 2 and 5 exhibited a minimum degree of similarity with all the seeded type date palm trees (47%). A high genetic diversity among selected ten seeded type date palm trees was present.}, keywords = {Phoenix dactylifera,fingerprinting,genetic similarity,RAPD,ISSR}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34166.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34166_6632783031e21cd6b03f3c683aa32068.pdf} } @article { author = {Mikhail, Sally and El-Dogdog, Kh. and Girgis, M. and Maklad, M.}, title = {IMPROVED QUALITY OF VIRAL INFECTED GRAPE PLANTS CULTIVATED IN SOIL INOCULATED WITH RHIZOPHERIC MICROORGANISMS}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1601-1611}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34169}, abstract = {A considerable rhizopheric bacteria and mycorrhizae collectively known as plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPM) have ability to induce acquire resistance in plant against pathogens and to provide benefits to their hosts. Grapevine viruses cause reducing yield and shortening the life span of infected plants in the vineyard. The current study aims to improve quality of Grape fan leaf virus (GFLV) infected grape plants via the soil inoculation with PGPM. Pot experiments were conducted under greenhouse during two seasons 2014/15 and 2015/16 in a Virology Greenhouse, Microbial. Dep. Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ. Cairo, Egypt. Grape cv. Flam grafted with GFLV infected stick and cultivated in inoculated soil with rhizopheric PGPB and mycorrhiza (VAM). GFLV was detected in infected leaves by DAS-ELISA. Plant growth parameters and chemical immune acquired resistance were assessment in GFLV infected grape cv. flam. The results were clearly indicated that PGPM inoculation in soil improved of plant growth in the second season (2015/16) compared with first season (2014/2015(. PGPM (Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Serratia sp. isolates and VAM) improved quality of GFLV infected grape plants via increased plant growth parameters (leave number, stem diameter, plant length, and phosphorus and potassium components in leaves). PGPM induced acquire resistance in plant against GFLV; it was found that, significant increase of proline and SA contents in GFLV infected grape  leaves compared as healthy ones. The results revealed that chlorophyll a; b and carotenoids were significant decreased while inoculated PGPM in soil showed significant increase compared with healthy control ones. Expressed proteins and resistance enzymes (POD and PPO) of antiviral proteins were significant increase in PGPM application of GFLV infected grape growth related no inoculated PGPM ones. So that the current study recommended that the combination among VAM and PGPB soil inoculation improved quality of GFLV infected grape plant under greenhouse conditions. }, keywords = {Grape Fan leaf Virus,grape,Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria,mycorrhizae,Immune acquired resistance}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34169.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34169_3b20876a36036c12f38691fe532d6332.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelmoamen, A. and El-Dougdoug, Noha and El-Borollosy, A. and El-Dougdoug, K.}, title = {SEROLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF TOMATO MOSAIC TOBAMOVIRUS COAT PROTEIN}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1613-1626}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34172}, abstract = {Plant viruses cause serious disease of crop plants reducing both quality and quantity of final produce. Serological tests are used all over the world in laboratory and field based detection of plant viruses and they are of great indispensable importance in agricultural production; virus certification programs; agricultural quarantine and production of virus-free crops grown for processing or fresh market. Cross reaction between viruses and their strains antisera limits serological differentiation of viruses and their strains by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This study aims to characterize the antigenic property of Tomato mosaic virus ToMV coat protein by using some bioinformatic tools to analyze its gene. Therefore, new methods in antibody production could be used as equivalent to Mabs in its high specificity. ToMV isolate was confirmed by Transmission electron microscope and differential hosts and propagated on N. tabacum cv. Samson. Systemic infection was developed on N. tabacum cv. Samson and local infection on Datora metel; D. stramonium; N. glutinosa; Chenopodium amaranticolor; C. quinoa. ToMV was purified and used as immunizing agent for antiserum production. TEM showed rod shaped particles with 300 x 18 nm dimensions. The titer of produced antiserum was 1:1024 evaluated by microprecipitin test and indirect-ELISA. Coat protein gene was amplified by RT-PCR with expected size of (Approx. 500 bp). The PCR product was sequenced then the generated nucleotide sequence  was translated into 160 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of Five B-cell epitopes, of 14 amino acid residues each, were predicted. Identifying Bcell epitopes play an important role in vaccine design, immunodiagnostic tests, and antibody production. Therefore, computational tools for reliably predicting B-cell epitopes are studied.   }, keywords = {ELISA,ToMV,Differential hosts,Coat protein gene,Sero-informatics,Microprecipitin,B-cell epitopes prediction}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34172.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34172_8b992d4df6fc4cc16ce188a2c1d7a4dc.pdf} } @article { author = {Lootah, Issa and Abdelhamid, A. and Galal, S. and Harib, Lamis and Hoehn, M. and Langner, A. and El Dougdoug, K.}, title = {BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND DISINFECTION OF ANOSAN SOLUTION WITH INHERENT APPLICABILITY 1- INACTIVATION OF PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1627-1636}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34173}, abstract = {The pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms affect human health directly or indirectly and become increasingly important in most countries. Novel antimicrobial agents and disinfectants have become necessary due to the rise of antibiotic resistance phenomena. The current study investigate the inhibitory infect of ANOSAN on pathogenic bacteria and toxigenic fungi. Chemical analysis was performed for ANOSAN. The antimicrobial activity of ANOSAN was carried out using agar well diffusion assay and mean growth inhibition percentage and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The antibiofilm activity was conducted using Biofilm formation assay and the impact of the disinfectant on the preformed biofilm was visualized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The chemical composition of ANOSAN comprised very low amount of Sodium (0.034%), Chloride (0.01%), Hypochlorite (0.014%) and Organic matter (0.0062%). ANOSAN low concentration showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities against Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and fungi. The MIC (0.781 mg/ml) was observed for Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of ANOSAN have successfully inhibited biofilm formation of the above mentioned bacterial patho gens. The ANOSAN appeared to be effective as bactericidal against Ps. aeruginosa and Staph. aureus. The time kill assay was observed between (0-6h) and between (0-3h) of exposure for both pathogens, respectively, and the viable bacterial counts remained undetectable after the previous time in a confirmatory experiment. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was conducted to confirm the antimicrobial activity of ANOSAN against Staph. aureus and Ps. aeruginosa. These data directly illustrate the destructive effects of the ANOSAN on the pathogenic bacteria. This work clarified that ANOSAN water had bactericidal and fungicidal activity along with inhibiting the ability of pathogenic bacteria to form biofilms, thus providing a good alternative to the use of traditional antimicrobials in food industry, pharmaceutical and medical applications.   }, keywords = {ANOSAN,bactericidal,Fungicidal,Pathogenic bacteria}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34173.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34173_707d7ab4ee3e5a0cadcbc92c700363f6.pdf} } @article { author = {Elattar, Hoda and Dahroug, S. and El-Sayed, W. and Hashiesh, Rensa}, title = {PHYTOTOXICITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF SOME HERBICIDES IN WHEAT PLANTATIONS}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1639-1657}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34174}, abstract = {Weeds are severely competition with wheat crop and it highly reduces crop yield. So, the present study was conducted on wheat cultivations during two seasons 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 to evaluated phytotoxicity effects of some herbicides on wheat (Triticum aestivum). Effectiveness of these herbicides on weed control in wheat crop and yield evaluation and quality of wheat was evaluated as well after treatment by herbicides. The field experiment was carried out in agricultural experimental station of Etay El-barod, El-Beheira Governorate, using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates for each treatment and unweeded check, having two rates of both herbicide recommended and double recommended rates (R, 2R). Treatments comprised of post-emergence application of pyroxsulam, flumetsulam+ florasulam, tribenuron-methyl, diclofop-methyl and tralkoxydim. The results indicated an increase in wheat plant height with all herbicides used compared to unweeded check. Tribenuron-methyl and flumetsulam + florasulam treatments did not cause any visible phytotoxicity, while pyroxsulam, diclofop-methyl and tralkoxydim treatments recorded a low indexes of phytotoxicity on wheat plants which disappeared completely after 8 weeks from post application, compared to unweeded check. Results also, indicated that all herbicide treatments decreased weed density. Herbicide treatments achieved the highest weed control expressed in lowest fresh weight after 56 days from application for broadleaved, grassy and  total weeds. Herbicide treatments caused an excellent increase in yield attributes (spike length, biological and grain yield) and yield quality (weight of 1000 grains, total carbohydrates and crude protein) compared to unweeded check in both seasons. The maximum grain yield was recorded at two trials by pyroxsulam compared to unweeded check. }, keywords = {Wheat,weeds,herbicides,Phytotoxicity,Weed control effectiveness,yield attributes,Yield quality}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34174.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34174_c730a80f2386169156ab8b51c4460eb5.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El-Megeed, M. and Mohamed, K. and Hammad, M. and Ebeed, Naglaa and Mohamed, Shimaa}, title = {RESIDUES OF IMIDACLOPRID AND MYCOLBUTANIL IN/ON GRAPE AND SOIL UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {Special issue (2B)}, pages = {1659-1670}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2018.34175}, abstract = {Persistence Vs degradation behavior of insecticide imidacloprid (35% SC) and fungicide myclobutanil (24% EC) in/on grape (leaves and fruits) and surrounding soil under canopy were investigated under field conditions. Leaves, fruits and soil samples were collected at 2 hours to 21 days after application at the recommended rate. QuEChERS method was used for extraction and clean-up and analyzed using HPLC and GC for imidacloprid and myclobutanil, respectively .The initial residue deposits, degradation percentages and/or, the parameters (RL50 and RL90) and Pre Harvest Intervals (PHIs) of the targeted pesticides were the criteria of concern. Results revealed that, grape leaves retained higher initial amounts than fruits by about 5.0 7 and 1.34 times for imidacloprid and myclobutanil, respectively. As for RL50, RL90 and PHIs values, imidacloprid showed 4.12 ,13.42 and 21.95 days and 5.13 ,13.41 and 11.96 days on grape leaves and fruit, respectively. The corresponding calculated values were 4.71, 9.38 and 16.31days and 1.97, 9.14 and 14.90 days for myclobutanil on the same targeted samples, respectively. In addition, the grape fruits could be consumed safely after 12 and 15 days of treatment with imidacloprid and myclobutanil, respectively. On the other hand , results indicated that the residue half life (RL50) values for the same targeted pesticides in soil  were 11.56 and 15.74 days, respectively. In general, myclobutanil residues in soil recorded higher persistence levels than higher imidacloprid and on the contrary it showed less persistence in/on grape leaves and fruits. }, keywords = {persistence,Degradation,Behavior,Imidacloprid,Myclobutanil,residues,grape,Soil}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34175.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_34175_e826dee60950bafd6184990ba28e6ba2.pdf} }