@article { author = {Elmenofi, Gehan and El-Shenawy, Laila}, title = {FEATURES OF RURAL POVERTY AND CURRENT CHALLENGES FACING THE EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN LIGHT OF THE 1000 VILLAGE GOVERNMENTAL INITIATIVE}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {3-24}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2013.14434}, abstract = {Poverty is great obstacle towards achieving sustainable development and economic growth, and threatens political and social stability and security. Poverty doesn’t mean only lack of necessities to fulfill individuals’ welfare, but deprivation from opportunities and choices. Though, previous governments-prior to 25th of January revolution embarked a program aiming poor people through an integrated bunch of developmental projects to improve poor people’s quality of life. This program consists of two main parts: first the main development program targeting 1000 poorest villages (according to the economic development ministry, 2008) and second part the integrated development program which targets 151 villages. In order to enhance the governmental initiative and improve the agriculture sector in Egypt, the current study aims at identifying the conditions of these poor communities via targeting two main and important categories which are agricultural laborers and farmers either tenants or renters of the agricultural lands from gender perspectives, besides identify- ing their problems and suggestions to overcome these problems and their relationship with the relevant agricultural institutions and private sector, and finally their suggested policies to enhance and attract investments to the agriculture sector in Egypt, which will eventually lead to application of more convenient measurements and policies to improve poor people’s livelihoods. The study’s results revealed the rooted poverty especially among agricultural laborers either male or female, but mostly among females, as most of them lack skills, and not gathered in one entity, besides low wages and seasonality of the agriculture work. Therefore most of them are willing to shift to other work opportunities. As for farmers, they suffer from many problems such as high agricultural input prices, soil deterioration, irrigation problems, and deteriorated drainage networks and finally lack of agriculture extension services. In light of the previous results, if no serious measurements and actions taken by the government and relevant stakeholders to improve the agriculture system as a whole, and improve laborers capabilities, solving irrigation and drainage problems, and accessing markets, then we will lose our capabilities to face the accelerating challenges and imbalance in our food security and moreover trapped in the vicious poverty cycle.}, keywords = {poverty,the Egyptian 1000 Villages Initiative,Agricultural Laborers,farmers}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14434.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14434_c652a5b9124cad90b475d0a354c61ee4.pdf} } @article { author = {A., Gad and H., Eissa and Gber, Enas}, title = {ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF PALM PRODUCTION IN PROJECTS OF YOUNG GRADUATES IN NEW LANDS}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {27-40}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2013.14438}, abstract = {The study aims at estimating internal rate of return for the cultivation of date palms project in the new lands to encourage small investors and young graduates, to adopt projects of sustainable agricultural development under the assumption of change revenues and invested costs of the project. Also, explaining some productivity and economic indicators to produce dates in Egypt. The study showed that palm area, number of fruitful palms, palm productivity and the total production of dates annually increase at significant rates during the period of 1996 - 2010. The most important regions producing dates are Behera, Ismailia, 6 October, Aswan, New Valley, Matrouh and Noubaria zone. The most important cultivated varieties are Zaghloul, Samani, Meghal and Siwei. The study indicated that internal rate of return in the new lands as in Northern Sinai, Matrouh and the New Valley reached 28%. It was observed that decreasing total revenue up to 25% with increasing investment costs up to 25%, the internal rate of return is not less than 18%. So, cultivation of date palms is economically a profitable project. Thus, this project contributes to the horizontal agricultural expansion, reducing desertification, encourages some industries related to palm cultivation, creates new jobs, increases date export opportunities to overseas markets and increases agricultural income. Also, profits gained by young graduates are sufficient to pay annual premiums of received loans in addition to the interest of these loans, so that the left return is enough for their livelihood.  }, keywords = {Evaluation,Palm productions,New lands}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14438.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14438_e5c309060f72bacf8eb1d90cfe5ff4c4.pdf} } @article { author = {Shata, Mohamed A. and Alboghdady, Mohamed A.}, title = {ECONOMIC FEATURES OF THE INVESTMENT BEHAVIOR IN THE EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN LIGHT OF THE LOCAL AND GLOBAL ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {41-62}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2013.14440}, abstract = {The agricultural sector is one of the most important productive sectors in the Egyptian economy. However, the share of the agricultural sector of the investments did not exceed 3% of the national investments in 2011. Therefore, the present study aims to; identify the current status of agricultural investments by studying the fairness of the distribution of national investments among different economic sectors, and estimate of agricultural investments in light of the agricultural development strategy 2030. The results showed that the percentage of investment directed to agricultural sector ranged between 2.91 and 14.21 in years 2010 and 2002 respectively during the period 1995-2011. On the other hand, the public agricultural investment was 2.67 billion L.E (on average) representing 43.89% of the total agricultural investment, while the rest 56.11% was for private agricultural investment. The percentage of justice in the distribution of investments - among commodity sectors- according to the sectoral contribution output criteria in the national economy was about 75.3%.   By investigating of the most important determinants of agricultural investment, the results showed that about 78.3% of the changes in the value of investments in the agricultural sector are interpreted by the interest rate on agricultural loans, the interest rate on bank loans, the rate of inflation, and the exchange rate U.S. $ / pound. On the other hand, workers' wages in pounds/day, the value of agricultural savings LE million, the value of private equity in millions of pounds explain about 96.3% of the total changes in the value of investments in the agricultural sector. In addition, the value of investments variables such as non-agricultural and agricultural loans, public investment, and agricultural output explain about 92.4% of the changes in the value of agricultural investment. The study concludes with a set of important recommendations, including the need to develop and modernize the investment laws and legislation in line with the developments of the local and global changes. Work on a policy commensurate with the investment attributes in the Egyptian agricultural sector such as the disintegration of tenures, the need to restructure the agricultural Banks for Development and Credit to play its important role of credit through the diversification of sources and the establishment of new branches in attractive areas for investment.}, keywords = {Investment behavior,Egyptian agricultural sector}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14440.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14440_4c66d49d6bd1774d5f4feab93979b82d.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Sabaa, Alaa M. and El-Sebaie, Momtaz N. and Sabry, Ehab M.}, title = {STANDARIZED ECONOMICAL STUDY OF EGYPTIAN OILS AND FATS DEMAND FACTORS}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {63-76}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2013.14724}, abstract = {Recent data shows a declining performance in Egyptian foreign trade of agricultural sector especially by increased the Egyptian agricultural import, which leads to increase the deficit of agricultural trade balance. Agricultural processed proucts is consider one of main source of agricultural trade balance deficit. As a result, it is necessary to study the main factors affecting the Egyptian demand of foreign agricultura processed products to determine the most important factors and determine the possible solution in future. It is clear through the research resealt of the factors affecting the quantity of the Egyptian fats and oil imports, that their main factors are determined by the total production of the Egyptian fats and oil, the imports price and the consumption of oils and fats and in the total exports of USA from oil and fats. Moreover, it is obvious from the factors affecting the demand in Egyptian market that the price of the USA fats and oil is considered the main factor in most of these markets. Moreover the effect of free trade agreement and European Egyptian agreement were significant positive for increase the Egyptian demand of foreign oils and fats. So it is important to use some possible solution for decreasing these positive impact of these fators on Egyptian demand for foreign oils and fats for developing countries without being against the activation of these agreements. It is important to control the national consumption and increase the total production of oil and fats.    }, keywords = {Egyptian foreign trade,trade balance,Egyptian demands factors,Oils and fats}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14724.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14724_ed6c8522add2e99af4a790473745dee4.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammed, Osman E. and El-Mahdi, Abdel Rahman A.}, title = {AUTECOLOGY AND BIOLOGY OF HANDAL (Citrullus coloynthsis L.) DESERT PLANT}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {79-89}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2013.14725}, abstract = {The present study was carried out in the desert valley (wadi) Abu Salam (63 Km.) east of Berber city, RiverNileState, and in the nursery of the Faculty of Agriculture, NileValleyUniversity. The autecology and biology of major desert specie, Handal (Citrullus coloynthsis), were studied. The study area (Wadi Abu Salam) was divided into three sections; upper, middle and lower. The soil was classified as sodic soil and contained a high percentage of clay in the upper section, equal percentage of clay and sand in the middle section and high percentage of sand in the lower section. The distribution of Handal plant in the wadi area was investigated. In the first season, it was only detected in the middle section (0.60-0.72 plants/m2). In the second season, the plant was distributed in the three sections of the wadi (1.46-1.66 plants/m2 for the upper section, 0.27-0.49 plants/m2 for the middle section and 0.3-0.4 plants/m2 for the lower sections).The rate of photosynthesis increased during the first stage of growth to reach its maximum (2.2-2.34 gm/day) during the 8th week from the start of germination, then started to decline till it reached its minimum rate (0.10-0.12 gm/day) at the maturity stage in both seasons. Plant roots growth started at a low rate, then, increased with plant development and became equal after 7 weeks from germination. After that, it decreased until it reached its lowest rate at the stage of maturity.}, keywords = {Citrullus,Coloynthsis,Autecology,biology}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14725.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14725_d05078fc01359b2a9dc5e290e89c1012.pdf} } @article { author = {Habeeb, Hafeez R.}, title = {A REVISION OF THE GENUS Triticum L. IN EGYPT}, journal = {Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {93-97}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {1110-2675}, eissn = {2636-3585}, doi = {10.21608/ajs.2013.14726}, abstract = {This study was conducted to revise the taxonomic identity and clarify specific relationships among the studied Triticum species in Egypt. The studied species included; T. dicoccum (Schrank) Schubl.; T. dicoccoides (Koren ex Asch. & Graebn.) Aaron Sohn. T. tugidum L.; T. durum Desf.; T. pyramidale (Delile ex Schult.) Percival and T. aestivum L. Moreover, the wild Emmer Wheat T. dicoccoides (Koren ex Asch. & Graebn.) Aaron Sohn was recently found in Egypt as a new record. The genus Triticum L. includes 14 species, all of them are cultivated for food except the wild Emmer.}, keywords = {Triticum,Taxonomy,Egypt}, url = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14726.html}, eprint = {https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14726_a6356b1b9684ca9e61d89a731d536a94.pdf} }