EFFECT OF FORWARD SPEED OF POTATO HARVESTER ON TUBERS DAMAGE
Al-Hamed
S. A.
Agricultural Engineering Dept., College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
author
text
article
2006
eng
The effect of the forward speed of a potato harvester on tubers damage was in-vestigated. The potato harvester type is a two-row potato digger with riddle chain. The experiments were conducted in a potato field of Haradh Project of the National Agricultural Development Company (NADEC) east of Riyadh, in a sandy loam soil, and for a potato crop planted during the spring season of 2004. The potato type was Hermes (oval graded tubers). The degging depth was set to 22 cm, and the ampli-tudes of riddle chain of the implement were 17 and 25 mm. Results showed that the average values of tubers lifting percentage were in close agreement for all forward speed values (1.5, 1.7, and 2 km/h) of the potato harvester. However, it ranged be-tween 96% and 99%. It was found that there is no significant effect of the forward speed on both total damaged tubers percentage and damage index. However, there was a significant difference for the damaged tubers percentage when the amplitude of riddle chain was changed from 17 to 25 mm, where it decreased as the amplitude was increased. The values of potato damage index for all forward speeds were with-in acceptable limits of damage index. Minimum value of damage index was 0.04 at the speed of 2 km/h and amplitude of 25 mm.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
533
550
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15291_7da5b28b3888a9c52f77946e44f0c51b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15291
A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR GRAPE INSPECTION AND SORTING CLASSIFICATION
Elbatawi
I.E
Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Nadi Elsaid St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
author
M.T.
Ebaid
Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Nadi Elsaid St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2006
eng
Sorting and classification of fruits are the main problem specially for Superiorand King Ruby varieties which represent more than 50% of grape production inEgypt. A usual procedure to carry out this task is based on human visual inspectionconsidering general fruit attributes like color, size, shape, firmness and sugar contentof grape cluster. Color contains important information about fruit status and in somecases it is decisive for fruit quality differences. This paper provides a new techniqueto investigate the applicability of color classification, sugar content and firmness ofgrape. Standard RGB color chart, artificial neural network and a potential of nearinfrared(NIR) reflectance as a means for nondestructive measurements of grapefirmness and sugar content were used. NIR spectral data were collected from the twovarieties of grape in the spectral region between 800 nm and 1700 nm. Statisticalmodels were developed using the partial least square method to predict the firmnessand sugar content of grape. The models gave relatively good predictions of thefirmness of both Superior and King Ruby, with corresponding r values of 0.80 and0.65. The NIR models gave excellent prediction for grape sugar content with valuesof 0.71 % and 0.65 % Brix for Superior and King Ruby, respectively.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
555
573
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15293_748e17433398d62ef50b7cc641553be7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15293
RELATIVE ADVANTAGE OF WEED CONTROL METHODS APPLIED IN SPRINKLER AND DRIP IRRIGATED SYSTEMS IN TOMATO CULTIVATIONS IN EGYPT'S NEWLY RECLAIMED LANDS
Sahhar
E.A.
Ag. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Ag., Ain Shams Univ., Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt
author
K.F.
El-Bagoury
Ag. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Ag., Ain Shams Univ., Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2006
eng
This study, based on a collaborative project with the Regional Council forResearch and Agricultural Extension, was carried out at an experimental farm of asandy soil belonging to Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, El-BustanRegion, Beheira Governorate, during two seasons (2004&2005) on an area of 5850m2. The experiment was designed in a split plot, arranged in a randomized completeblocks with three replications. Irrigation operations [Drip(DI)/Sprinkler(SI)] wereassigned to the main plots, while weed control methods (hoe weeding/herbicide usedthrough either conventional spraying with 0.300kg/fed concentration or herbigationwith three herbicide concentrations of 0.150, 0.225 and 0.300kg/fed.) were assignedto the subplots. The data were statistically analyzed by the Least Squares Methodusing a model involving the two factors (irrigation system and weed control method)and their interaction as affecting eradication percent, tomato yield/fed., and cost ofcontrol operation. The effect on herbicide residues in the tomatoes was alsoinvestigated
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
575
589
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15301_c1a252469f6431c608a13738078518e4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15301
STUDIES ON DETECTION, DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL OF LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA IN DIFFERENT WATER SAMPLES
Mansour
F.A.
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
author
S.A.
El-Sherbiny
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
author
N.A.
El-Morsy
Digestive System Center, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
author
text
article
2006
eng
A number of 192 samples (180 water & swab specimens and 12 patient sputa)were chosen from different sites of Mansoura University Hospitals for detection anddiagnosis of Legionella pneumophila. Out of the 192 samples, 148 were positive byculture method and non-specific staining technique such as gram staining andbiochemical analysis. In our trials for diagnosis of Legionella pneumophila, wefound that 107 of 148 samples were positive by slide agglutination test and 110samples were positive by direct immunoflourescence assay, while 130 samples werepositive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique which proved to be the mostspecific and sensitive technique for diagnostic investigation of L. pneumophila. Theresults show that the four disinfectant procedures (chlorine, ozone, U.V. light andheat) were effective in eradicating Legionella pneumophila from different watersamples. Both UV light and heat (60ºC) produced a 5 log kill in less than 1 h. Incontrast, both chlorine and ozone required 5 h of exposure to produce a 5 logdecrease. Neither turbidity nor the higher temperature of 43ºC impaired the efficacyof any of the disinfectant methods.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
593
611
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15304_4f5a640f18101cd1542edce9ba25ae06.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15304
EVALUATION OF ORGANIC AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS EFFECT ON RHIZOSPHERE MICROFLORA AND POTATOES (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM.L) YIELD IN LOAMY SAND SOIL
Abo-Sedera
S.A.
Agricultural Microbiology Dept., National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2006
eng
A field experiment was carried out in a newly cultivated soil at Falouga, El-Tahrir province, Behira governorate during the summer season (Spring plantation)of 2003 to investigate the effect of different organic manures (i.e. compost, F Y Mor town refuse) each at rate of 20 ton/fed combined with the half recommended doseof mineral fertilizer (NPK) or 2 tons of chicken manure compared with the additionof the recommended dose of N P K at rate of 900, 400 and 200 Kg/fed ammoniumsulphate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulphate respectively. Applicationof organic manures, i.e. compost, FYM or town refuse each at the rate of 20tons/fed combined with half amount of mineral fertilizer or 2 tons of chickenmanure, increased total microbial count in soil at 60 days after planting compared toboth uncultivated soil and chemical fertilized treatments. In this regard, the highestbacterial count was noticed in case of using FYM + chicken manure, while thehighest count for total fungi and actinomycetes were recorded in the treatment of 20tons compost + half amount of chemical fertilizer (NPK). In addition, using 20 toncompost + 2 tons of chicken manures/fed, reflected the highest dry matter yield,total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in plant foliage as well as totaltuber yield of potatoes compared with other tested treatments.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
613
623
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15320_f7338d325245d70aff5bcea5c8058485.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15320
GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENT OF INOCULATED CHICKPEA AND FABA BEAN PLANTS AS AFFECTED BY USING METHYLOTROPHIC BACTERIA
Sawsan
Shehata
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams
University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt
author
Wedad
E.E. Eweda
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams
University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt
author
H.H
Abo Taleb
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research
Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
author
Heba
O.M. Orf
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research
Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2006
eng
Two pot experiments were performed in Giza research station, AgriculturalResearch Center (ARC) using 2 isolates of Pink-Pigmented FacultativelyMethylotrophic bacteria (PPFMs) originated from chickpea and Faba bean. Foliarapplication with PPFM isolates were conjugated with specific rhizobial inoculumand N-fertilization (15 Kg N Fed-1). Nodulation status, nitrogen fixation and growthyield and yield component were recorded. Results clearly indicated that Chickpeawas superior in its response to foliar application with PPFM.C. As it gave higherrecords of number and dry weight of nodules, dry matter and N-content of plants ascompared to Faba bean. A field experiment was also conducted in sandy loam soil atSouth EL-Tahreer province to investigate the effect of foliar application withPPFM.C strain + specific Rhizobia and N-fertilization on nodulation, growth andyield of chickpea legume plants. Results indicated that foliar application withPPFM.C in the presence of specific rhizobial inoculation scored significant increasesin economic turnover of chickpea in the range of 21-32% as compared to Nfertilizationat rate 50 Kg N Fed-1. Foliar application with 5 L Fed-1 in the presenceof 15 Kg N Fed-1 and specific rhizobial inoculation led to an increase of 518 kg fed -1productivity of seed yield , with economic turnover of 2491 L.E.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
625
639
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15331_bfaf3c052d29893be79fc20065fafd57.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15331
EFFECT OF PASTEURIZATION AND STORGE ON FLAVOUR OF APPLE AND KIWIFRUIT BLEND JUICE
Magda A.
Abd El-Mageed
Chemistry of Flavour and Aroma Department, National Research Centre, Cairo,
Egypt
author
Emad El-Din
Ragheb
Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2006
eng
A blend Juice prepared from apple juice and kiwifruit juice (60:40 v/v), was pas-teurized and stored for 3 and 6 months at 4o and 25oC untill analysis. Sensory evalu-ation showed significant differences between the fresh and pasteurized blend juice in all sensory attributes. The headspace volatiles of fresh apple, fresh kiwifruit, fresh and stored pasteurized blend juice at different temperatures were collected and sub-jected to GC and GC-MS analysis. A total of 33 volatile components were identi-fied, 18 esters (17 aliphatic and one aromatic), 6 alcohols, 3 aldehydes, 3 terpenic hydrocarbons, 2 ketones and 1 carboxylic acid. The volatile components in the pas-teurized blend juice showed considerable quantitative and qualitative variations dur-ing storage. By comparative study between the blend juice and fresh apple, fresh kiwifruit juices it was clear that the pasteurization process caused a remarkable in-crease in the total esters content due to the high increase in methyl propanoate, me-thyl butanoate and methyl benzoate. Pasteurization caused a sharp decrease in buta-nol which is the most abundant compound in fresh apple juice. All alcohols showed the same trend except ethanol. Pasteurization revealed a remarkable decrease in (E)–2-hexenal which is the most abundant compound in fresh kiwifruit juice. Regarding the effect of storage it was noted that the blend juice stored at 4oC showed high qual-ity after 3 months due to the remarkable increase in the contents of total ester, buta-nol, and (E) –2- hexenal with a decrease in limonene, but after 6 months the good quality was attributed to the high increase in ethyl butanoate concentration. While stroage at 25oC showed good quality after 3 months due to the very high increase in total esters content which attributed to a greate increase in ethyl butanoate concen-tration (which gave sweet and fruity aroma to juice), but storage for 6 months gave rise to a sharp decrease in ethyl butanoate which led to a high loss in aroma quality.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
643
660
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15354_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15354
SURVIVABILITY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI 0157:H7 AND NON- 0157 SEROTYPES ISOLATED FROM SOME DAIRY PRODUCTS UNDER STRESS CONDITIONS
Zeinab I.
Sadek
Dairy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
author
text
article
2006
eng
Microbiological assay of 150 samples of dairy products for the incidence of Co-liforms, E. coli, E. coli 0157:H7 and non-0157 E.coli, show the recovery of the Coli-forms and E.coli from the tested products with different incidence percentage. Strains of E. coli 0157:H7 and non-0157 E .coli were recovered from 9 (6%) and 13(8.6%) of the total samples, respectively. The behaviour of these isolates were tested when exposing to low pH, salt, low holding temperature and heat treatment. The results indicate obvious survival of E. coli 0157:H7 and non-0157serotype with pH as low as 3.8 pH for 5 days. Also, survival or even multiplication in TSB con-taining <6% salt. Moreover, the strains remained viable at low holding temperature (5oC). So, the product which contaminated with this pathogens remain hazardous even under such stress condition. Decimal reduction times (D-values) of cells sus-pended in saline solution, TSB medium, reconctituted dry milk and chocolate milk were determined. The greatest survival as evidenced by highest D and Z values oc-curred with chocolate milk. Product composition and type of strain affected the heat lethality rates.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
661
678
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15355_20af447f679b02830ab5f44b98a6f397.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15355
PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF PROBIOTIC FROZEN YOGHURT MADE WITH SWEET POTATO AND PUMPKIN
Gehan A.M.
Hussein
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Shoubra EL-Khaima, Cairo, Egypt
author
I.E.
Aumara
Food Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Shoubra EL-Khaima, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2006
eng
Low-fat frozen yoghurt was made by using commercial probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus & bifidobacteria) and traditional (Lactoba-cillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus & Streptococcus thermophilus) starters; as well as; roasted red sweet potato and pumpkin for enhancing nutritional and functional val-ues of this products. The preparing mixes and resulting frozen yoghurt stored at -20ºC for 8 weeks were evaluated for physicochemical, bacteriological and organo-leptic properties. The results revealed that, there was significant differences (p<0.05) in all properties studied among the mixes and resulting frozen yoghurt. Frozen yoghurt mixes made with traditional yoghurt starter and sweet potato had higher specific gravity, weight per gallon, freezing point and apparent viscosity, but lower in pH values than the mixes made with probiotic starter. Also, resulting frozen yoghurt prepared with traditional starter and sweet potato had higher specific gravi-ty, weight per gallon, freezing time, melting resistance and acetaldehyde content, but lower in overrun % and diacetyl content than that made with probiotic starter. Counts of Lb. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Str. thermophilus (traditional starter) and Lb. acidophilus were the most numerous in pumpkin frozen yoghurt, followed by sweet potato frozen yoghurt. On the other hand, sweet potato frozen yoghurt had higher Str. thermophilus & bifidobacteria (probiotic starter) counts, than the other treatments. However, frozen storage for 8 wk was slightly effected on the viable bacterial counts determined of different frozen yoghurt treatments, and bifidobacte-ria counts were still higher along the storage period than the recommended mini-mum levels. Also, frozen yoghurt manufactured with probiotic starter; especially with sweet potato; had the highest total organoleptic scores. Therefore, low-fat fro-zen yoghurt with improved nutritional and functional values, and also good organo-leptic properties could be made by traditional yoghurt and probiotic starters; as well as roasted red sweet potato and pumpkin.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
679
695
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15356_a2399a577bddf764da52750756e62ff9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15356
PRODUCTION OF PROBIOTIC LOW-CALORIE SOUR CREAM
Fayed
A.E.
Food Science Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Shoubra El-Khaima, Cairo, Egypt
author
Gehan A.M.
Hussein
Food Science Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Shoubra El-Khaima, Cairo, Egypt
author
Azza M.
Farahat
Food Science Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Shoubra El-Khaima, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2006
eng
The production of probiotic low calorie sour cream was aimed to experiment in relation to its compositional, bacteriological, biochemical, rheological and organo-leptic properties along the cold storage period of the product. Cream based on 36% total solids (TS) and 30 % fat was made using the obtained fresh cream (54 % TS and 50 % fat) and liquid skimmed milk (9 % TS).To produce low-calorie sour cream, fat content was lowered to 20 and 10 % depending on the addition of Sim-plesse100® to mimic milk fat on the basic of 0.1% fat mimetic is instead of 1.0% fat. Dried whey protein concentrate (DWPC, 95 % TS) was used as bulking agent to overcome the loss occurred in the TS content due to the reduction in the fat content. Thereafter, all creams were homogenized at 55-60°C and further heat treated to 74°C for 30 sec. followed by rapidly cooling to the appropriate temperatures. Then creams were inoculated with 2% freshly prepared bacterial starter culture and incu-bated at 30 or 37 °C, to reach pH value about 4.6, for cream cultured with R-704 or ABT-2 type starter culture, respectively. The results indicated that, the proportional fat replacement of cream led to gradual increase in the protein, carbohydrate and ash contents, and decreased the caloric value. There are a backward relationship between the bacterial population and the fat content of the sour cream. Where, in the product cultured with ABT-2 type, Lactobacillus acidophilus grew and predominated in all other accompanying strains overlooking either the fat content or the cold storage pe-riod (CSP). Streptococcus thermophilus populated the 2nd predominance order fol-lowed by Bifidobacterium sp., which tended to proximate and preceded, actually, Str. thermophilus by prolonging the CSP of the lowest fat-content cream (10%). The increase rate of the bacterial count continued until 3rd weak for Lb. acidophilus and to 1st weak for Bifidobacterium sp.. Thereafter, gradual decreases were occurred. However, Str. thermophilus began to decrease from the 1st day of CSP. Although the count of bacterial type R-704 was always higher, it behaved a trend similar to that of Bifidobacterium sp. toward the CSP. Sour cream of ABT-2 type contained higher ti-tratable acidity (TA) % as well as lower pH, acetaldehyde (AC) and diacetyl (DA) values than that cultured with R-704 type. Along CSP of sour cream the increment in AC, DA and TA contents continued, in order, until the 7th , 14th and the end of theFayed; Gehan Hussein and Azza FarahatArab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 14(2), 2006experimental period. As the protein content raised at the expanse of the fat content via adding DWPC, which was in the denatured form, the firmness, consistency coef-ficient, and yield stress of sour cream increased, especially when ABT-2 type was used and the CSP progressed. Furthermore, ABT-2 sour cream was sensory distin-guished with, nearly, similar appearance as will as better flavour and consistency ra-ther than that of R-704. The fat reduction to 20 % did not influence the overall sen-sory quality, while that of 10% fat attained panel score averaged 93.5 % of the con-trol when ABT-2 type was used. As a conclusion, it is successfully possible to pro-duce probiotic low calorie sour cream with excellent sensory attributes using Sim-plesse100® as fat mimetic and bacterial type ABT-2 as starter culture.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
697
710
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15357_b563e062b3e9f94b0cb1560bc3326433.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15357
HEALTHY MODIFIED ZABADY
El-Demerdash
M.E.
Dairy microbiology Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture
Research Center, Doki, Giza, Egypt
author
Eman, L.
Moustafa
Dairy microbiology Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture
Research Center, Doki, Giza, Egypt
author
M.E
Hashem
Dairy microbiology Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture
Research Center, Doki, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2006
eng
Buffaloe's milk was used for the manufacture of Zabady. Control, Zabady made by using 3% of the regular starter. 1.5% of the regular Zabady starter was added to the other three parts, then 1.5% of Bifidobacterium bifidium, ABT or autolyzed S. thermophilus were added to the other three parts respectively. The result showed an increase in acidity of control zabady, while bifidobacterium decreased the acidity and curd tension, and increased pH value, coagulation time and synersis. Organolep-tic properties showed an improve in the flavour of zabady by using bifidobacterium in the end of storage compared to the other treatments.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
711
719
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15359_6b3e896b6c31c44f93bd6ff34b2b091c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15359
IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS-DERIVED PLANTLETS OF CITRUS
El-Sawy, A.
A.
Plant Biotechnology Dep., Gen.Eng. and Bio. Div., National Research Center, Dokki,
Egypt.
author
A.
Reda
Plant Biotechnology Dep., Gen.Eng. and Bio. Div., National Research Center, Dokki,
Egypt.
author
A.
Gomaa
Pomology Dep., Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
author
Nansy
Danial
Pomology Dep., Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
author
text
article
2006
eng
Nodal stem segments of in vitro growing somatic embyogenesis and seedling-derived plantlets of sweet orange, C. sinensis (L.) of (Washington navel, shamouti and blood orange cvs.); grapefruit, C. paradisi (L.); Local mandarin, C. deliciosa (Tenor); lemon, C. limon; (L.); citron, C. medica (L.); lime, C. aurantifolia (Christm); rough lemon, C. jambhiri (Lush) and sour orange, C. aurantium (L.) were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BA (0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mg/L) alone or in combination with NAA (0.5 mg/L) for shoot multiplica-tion. The results indicated that somatic embryogenesis-derived plantlets can be suc-cessfully propagated in vitro with a good vigor compared with germinated seedlings. A large number of proliferated shoots were produced when these explants were cul-tured on MS medium containing 0.5mg/L of BA combined with 0.5mg/L of NAA. Most obtained shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L of NAA. These in vitro grown plantlets were then successfully transferred to green house through acclimatization process.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
723
740
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15360_7fc2ea1510aa8f2af4a89bb2d31aa85d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15360
EFFICIENCY OF HOST RESISTANCE AND FUNGICIDE APPLICATION FOR CONTROL OF POTATO LATE BLIGHT
El-Shimy
A.O.
Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
author
Tomader, G.
Abdel-Rahman
Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2006
eng
Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is one of the most destructive dis-eases potato in Egypt and world wide. Stability of resistance to late blight was eva-luated in twenty five potato cultivars during 2003 and 2004 successive seasons un-der heavy natural infection. Data showed that the potato cultivars Altesse, Occania, Safrane and Soleia highly resistant while cultivars Daisy, Hermine and Isabel rec-orded the highest susceptibility to late blight. Application different fungicide against potato late blight revealed that Aquagen Bro and Previcur-N were the best effective fungicides in reducing disease severity and progress of late blight. Data showed also that the losses of tubers due to late blight in season 2003 ranged from 11.75 Kg/plot (cultivar Hermes) to 18.0 Kg/plot (cultivar Lady Roseta) while in season 2004, yield losses ranged from 11.25 Kg/plot (cultivar Hermes) to 23.75 Kg/plot (cultivar Spun-ta). The results demonstrate that integration of Previcur-N treatment with host resis-tance was effective in reducing late blight and tuber yield loss of potato.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
743
753
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15362_dc1835e2c0e8e7e02b0e47ab28e19706.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15362
NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF CITRININ AND BIOCONTROL OF ITS PRODUCING FUNGUS BY Trichoderma hamatum IN RICE GRAINS
Ezzat
S.M.
Dept. of Botany, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
author
E.F.
Abd-Allah
Dept. of Seed Pathology, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research
Center, Giza, Egypt.
author
text
article
2006
eng
Paddy rice was sampled from El-Sharkia, El-Gharbia, El-Dakahlia and Kafr El-Sheikh governorates, Egypt. Of the 29 samples taken, ten were contaminated with the mycotoxin citrinin. An average of 6.79 x 104 fungal spores per gram rice was found. The isolated fungi represented 47 species belong to 28 genera. The predomi-nant genera were Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Penicillium. Aspergilli were represented by 22 species; Aspergillus niger and A. flavus had the highest occur-rence. Penicillium viridicatum produced the highest amount of citrinin on glucose ammonium nitrate salts broth and rice grains and hence, this isolate was selected as a good producer of citrinin in this study. The presence of Trichoderma hamatum re-duced the amount of citrinin produced by P. viridicatum compared with its respec-tive control. The excessive growth of T. hamatum on P. viridicatum was increased with time. Viability of P. viridicatum conidia decreased by T. hamatum with an in-crease in the incubation period. Chitinases and 1,3-B-glucanase enzyme activity of T. hamatum increased with extending the incubation period on P. viridicatum cell walls up to maximum values at 72 and 84 h, respectively. T. hamatum led to a de-crease in the production of citrinin by P. viridicatum on rice grains compared with the respective control values.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
755
774
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15363_85d71cc8b99a3be388b8a634efd8e85a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15363
IDENTIFICATION AND EFFICIENCY OF BACTERIAL STRAINS ISOLATED FROM INFECTED LARVAE OF COTTON PINK BOLLWORM Pectinophora gossypiella AND SPINY BOLLWORM Earias insulana (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Khoja
S.M.T.
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University,
Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt
author
G.N.
Rezk
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University,
Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt
author
Madiha A.
Rezk
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University,
Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt
author
H.E.M.
Hanafy
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University,
Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2006
eng
From infected pink and spiny bollworm larvae, collected from Qualyobia Gover-norate, Egypt, 13 bacterial isolates belonging to 7 species were detected. The effi-ciency of these bacterial isolates was evaluated on newly hatched pink and spiny bollworm larvae. Three bacterial species, namely, Pseudomonas viridiflava, Serratia grimesii and Cellulomonas flavigena had no efficiency. Meanwhile, four other en-tomopathogenic isolates bacterial species, Pseudomonas pyrrocinia (A1), Serratia marcesens (M3), Serratia rubidaea (E3) and Bacillus thuringiensis (S2) had notice-able efficiency. The efficiency of these isolates was compared to two commercial products, Dipel 2X and Protecto. Biochemical studies showed differences in total proteins bands patterns in uninfected and infected larvae.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
777
788
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15504_4f0a8331e3c05702f46809a95151a625.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15504
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL RATE AND REPRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH GRAIN APH-ID, SITOBION avenae (FABRICIUS) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDI-DAE).
Salman
A.M.A.
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
author
text
article
2006
eng
A laboratory investigation was conducted to study the effect of constant tempera-ture on some biological aspects of english grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius). The present work was carried out in electrical incubators provided with photoperiod of 16 : 8 (L : D) and 55 – 60% R.H. Data revealed that the english grain aphid passed through four instars to reach maturity. The duration period of the nymphal stage was 19.0, 13.98, 11.96, 8.51 and 7.5 days at 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 °C, respectively. Developmental threshold of this stage is found to be 4.2 °C. The thermal units re-quired for complete one generation was 148 day – degrees. Life table parameters were as following : The reproduction rate (Ro) were 18.75, 30.72, 36.53, 44.21 and 32.42; mean generation time (GT) were 26.16, 21.23, 17.39, 11.92 and 9.86 days; population doubling time (DT) of the english aphid were 6.19, 4.29, 3.35, 2.18 and 1.96; intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were 0.1121, 0.1613, 0.2069, 0.3178 and 0.3528 and finite rate of increase (λ) were 1.119, 1.175, 1.229, 1.374 and 1.423 at 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 °C, respectively. The results indicated clearly that the favourable range temperature for development and multiplication the english grain aphid be-tween 18 and 24°C.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
789
801
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15513_194c84149a73da252f5078b14e813c85.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15513
SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TWO PESTICIDES AGAINST THE COTTON LEAF WORM, SPODOPTERA LITTORALIS (BOISD.)
Youssef
L.A.
Plant Protection Dept., Fac. Agric. Ain Shams Univ. Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo,
Egypt.
author
text
article
2006
eng
The toxicological effect of two pesticides, pyriproxyfen and abamectin were eva-luated on third instar larvae of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). According to the estimated toxicity values, i.e. LC50, LC90 and slope values, the chemical abamectin showed that it was slightly more toxic than pyriproxyfen. The effect of these two insecticides, at the determined LC50 and LC25 values on the di-gestive physiology of treated larvae, as indicated by some nutritional indices was conducted. Obtained results demonstrated that pyriproxyfen and abamectin caused a significance reduction in growth of treated larvae as depicted by larval weight gain Also, a significant decrease was found in the efficiency of ingested food to body matter and efficiency of conversion of digested food to body matter as compared to untreated insects. These effects were generally more evident when abemectin was used. The two tested compound also caused histological changes in the midgut of treated larvae, in form of disruption in the columnar epithelium cells and stretching leading to tearing in the peritrophic membrane. This observation might explain the impairment in nutritional indices in treated larvae as compared to the control.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
803
812
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15517_d3bf2050d562aced0587c95e68926432.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15517
ACTIVITY OF PEACH TWIG BORER Anarsia lineatella Zeller AND ITS ASSOCIATED BIO AGENTS ON PEACH TREES
Salwa S.M.
Abdel-Samad
Biological Control Department, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2006
eng
The seasonal activity of the peach twig borer, Anarsia lineatella Zeller was in-vestigated during 2004 and 2005 seasons. The data revealed that the infested twigs empty from larvae (15%) were higher than that with larvae (1.25%) in February. The situation was reverse in April which recorded 8% and 14.75% for both, respec-tively. In fruits, infestation began to appear in the third week of March which rec-orded 2% whereas the maximum rate was recorded in May (16.75%). Three species of hymenopterous parasitoids were found; Apanteles ruficrus Haliday (Fam. Braco-nidae), Diplazon laetatorus Fab. (Fam. Ichneumonidae) and Microgaster tiro Rein-hard (Fam. Braconidae). These parasitoids reached its maximum during April (13.5%) that seems to be more active. Their numbers were positively correlated with the rate of infestation (r = + 0.799). In spite of presence of four predatory species (Coccinella undecimpunctata L., Rodalia cardinalis Mulsant, and Scymnus syriacus Marseul (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Syrphus sp. (Diptera: Syrphidae)), it seems to be less active. Their numbers recorded very slight positive correlation with the rate of infestation (r =+0.423)
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
813
821
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15519_eec1748653469210459977db40c729f6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15519
RECOGNITION OF CERTAIN KAIROMONES BY THE PARASITOID TRICHOGRAMMA SPP. IN EGGS OF IT’S HOST CYDIA POMONELLA
Sakr,
H.E.A.
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University,
Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2006
eng
A kairomone from adult Cydia pomonella L. scales is an important factor in the host recognition and searching behaviour process of Trichogramma cacoeciae Mar-chal and Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura. The Trichogramma spp. used the chemicals from the host eggs for orientation to host and increased their parasitism. The females of T. cacoeciae*, T. dendrolimi** and T. dendrolimi*** contacted the unwashed host eggs significantly longer than the washed eggs. Washing the codling moth eggs with hexan significantly reduced the parasitism of all the tested Tricho-gramma strains compared to unwashed eggs. The treated apple trees with wing scales of C. pomonella had significant influence on the parasitism compared to un-treated trees. The percentage parasitism of codling moth eggs on the treated trees (31.6%) was significantly higher than on the untreated trees (19.3%).
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
835
844
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15522_260b7c1b761cd16d6933b8a96332ece1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15522
MONITORING OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN SOME ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS AT MENOFIA GOVERNORATE, EGYPT
El-Zemaity,
M.S.
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra
El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt.
author
M.I.
Abd El-Megeed
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra
El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt.
author
A.E.
Bayoumi
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra
El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt.
author
M.A.
Hamaad
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra
El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt.
author
text
article
2006
eng
The pesticide residues in drinking water, irrigation water, sediment and soil sam-ples collected from three villages, i.e. Samadon, Ashmon and El-Ramla, located at Menofia Governorate, Egypt were monitored during the period of Septemper 2002 to February 2003. The obtained results showed that the detected pesticide residues were varied in their types and structures in the investigated villages during period of study. It is clear that residues of organochlorine insecticide and the herbicide, atra-zine, were the most frequently detected in both of drinking and irrigation water sam-ples. According to the detected amounts and numbers of pesticide residues in all the collected samples, the soil samples contained higher pesticide residues (average of 0.07 ppm) sediment (average of 0.05 ppm) irrigation water (average of 0.04 ppm) drinking water (0.01-0.02 ppm). Comparing between the selected sites, Sa-madon was the highest site contained pesticide residues more than Ashmon and El-Ramla.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
845
859
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15523_44cf70afe91c7dd2a3d08c60b04de5a8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15523
CROSS RESISTANCE OF DIPEL 2x RESISTANT STRAIN OF PINK BOLLWORM PECTINOPHORA GOSSYPIELLA (SAUND.) TO SOME CONVENTIONAL AND BIOINSECTICIDES
El-Zemaity
M.S.
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra
El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt.
author
A.E.
Bayoumi
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra
El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt.
author
Mona F.
Rofail
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
author
Hemat Z.
Moustafa
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2006
eng
A field strain of pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.) collected from Sharquia Governorate, Egypt was exposed to the selection pressure of the for-mulation of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki, Dipel 2x under laboratory condi-tions. Resistance ratio attained 16-fold based on the susceptible strain after 14 gen-erations of selection. Study the response of Dipel 2x resistant strain to some insecti-cides indicated that there is no cross resistance to the conventional insecticides, es-fenvalerate, chlorpyriphos and thiodicarb or the bioinsecticides Ecotech and Agerin. These data may be emphasizing the possibility of rotation the Dipel 2x with these insecticides in pest control program of pink bollworm to manage resistance to Bt products.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
823
833
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15526_95a5ce22f8754ac54b996650f3c38157.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15526
MOLLUSCICIDAL EFFICACY AND TOXICITY OF SOME PESTICIDES UNDER LABORATORY AND FIELD CONDITIONS
Abdel-Halim
K.Y.
Central Agric Pesticide Laboratory (CAPL) ARC, Etay El-Baroud, Egypt
author
A.A.
Hussein
Central Agric Pesticide Laboratory (CAPL) ARC, Etay El-Baroud, Egypt
author
R.K.
Abou-El Khear
Plant Protection Res. Ins. , Agric Res. Center (ARC), International Potato Center
(CIP), Ministry of Agriculture, Kafr El-Zayat, Egypt
author
text
article
2006
eng
Laboratory and field trials were carried out at Koom Hamada district and Etay El-baroud research station during 2004/ 2005 season to clarify the molluscicidal ac-tivities of the following: indoxacarb, lufenuron, Bacillus thurringiensis, kurestaci (Bt.) and methomyl against glassy clover snails Monacha cartusiana (Müler). Re-sults indicated that all tested pesticides decreased snails population compared with control. Under the field conditions, the efficiency of the tested compounds were 98.0, 93.4, 93 and 71.58% for methomyl, lufenuron, indoxacarb and Bt. after 5, 6, 13, and 28 days of treatment, respectively. Moreover the effect of LC50 and 0.5 LC50 of these compounds were investigated on some biochemical parameters in vivo. The activities of acetylcholinestrase (AChE), alanine aminotransferases (ALT) , as-partate aminotransferases (AST) and protein contents at different time intervals were evaluated. The specific activity of AChE reached 0.009, 0.002, 0.006 and 0.001 mole/ mg protein/ min for indoxacarb, lufenuron, Bt. and methomyl, respectively, after one day of treatment with (LC50 for each compound). In general, Bt. and in-doxacarb caused slight inhibition on AChE enzyme. All treatments decreased ALT and AST enzyme activity in the tested animals. However, Bt. Showed slight effect on the activity of aminotransferases enzymes.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
861
870
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15530_6e8504bba38a38ce0fca9ea9ef228b58.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15530
EFFECT OF PHOSPHATE ROCK AND TRIPLESUPERPHOS-PHATE ON GROWTH AND LEAF N, P AND K CONTENTS OF GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.) GROWN ON A CLAY SOIL
Elsheikh
M.A.
Laboratory of Environmental Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University,
3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan
author
A.M.A.
El-Tilib
Department of Soil and Environment Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of
Khartoum, Shambat, Sudan
author
E.A.E.
Elsheikh
Department of Soil and Environment Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of
Khartoum, Shambat, Sudan
author
A.H. Awad
Elkarim
Department of Soil and Environment Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of
Khartoum, Shambat, Sudan
author
text
article
2006
eng
A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the agricultural value of a local phosphate rock (PR) as a source of plant phosphorus compared with that of the cur-rently imported triplesuperphosphate (TSP) .The PR was applied at the rate of 0, 55, and 110 kg P2O5 /ha and the TSP was at the rate of 0 , 45 and 90 kg P2O5 /ha. The growth and leaf contents of N, P and K of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown on a clay soil were measured. The experiment continued for two seasons. Phosphatic fertilizers are of low recovery; therefore, they can remain for the next crop. Thus, the pots of the first season were set to study the residual effect of phosphorus in the second season. The results indicated that PR and TSP significantly (P>0.05) in-creased dry weights of shoot and root, leaf contents of N , P and available soil phos-phorus. However, plant height was significantly increased by TSP only. The leaf content of K was neither affected by PR nor TSP application. The results showed a positive effect of the residual PR and TSP on the measured parameters. Moreover, the results revealed that the plant measurements obtained from PR treatments were comparable to those obtained from TSP treatments which indicate that PR can be used as a potential source of phosphorus fertilizer.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
14
v.
2
no.
2006
873
880
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_15531_eb30d587e955e23d1617beef1302e923.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2006.15531