THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL CRISISES IN SUGAR BEET AREA
Hanan
Hamed
Agric. Extension, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
The study aimed basically at: describing the actual situation of agricultural crisises in the study area and mechanisms of agricultural extension to face them, describing the levels of agricultural crisises management and studying the differences between extension agents and farmers’ points of view with respect to the agricultural crisises management level in the study area, estimating the gap size between the actual and optimal levels of agricultural crisises management in the study area, identifying the level of respondent farmers utilization of extension activities in the field of facing the agricultural crisises and factors correlated to it, and finally identifying the obstacles of the role of agricultural extension in agricultural crisises management and suggestions to face them from the agricultural agents and farmers points of view. The study was conducted in Sugar Beet on two different categoties of respondents, the first category was the population of agricultural agents in Sugar Beet area (24 agricultural agents), the second category was a systematic random sample of farmers in: Baghdad, Taha El-ameen and Salama Hegazy villages (165 farmers representing 30% of the total number of farmers in the three villages). Data were collected through personal interviews with the selected respondents using a questionnaire. The statistical analyzing tools used in the study were: Pearson’s correlation coefficient, t- test, in addition to frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation and alpha coefficient. The most important findings were First: The most important agricultural crisises in the study area from the agricultural agents point of view were: shortage of irrigation water, climate changes, shortage of agricultural fertilizers, difficulties of agricultural crops marketing, the spread of bird flu disease, shortage of agricultural pesticides, pollution of irrigation water, spread of agricultural pests, spread of diseases of agricultural animals, shortage of veterinary services, agricultural environment pollution and the poor condition of agricultural drainage. Second: According to describing the agricultural crisises management levels, the findings showed that about 70.8% of respondent agricultural agents clarified that this level was moderate in the study area, while that 64.8% of respondent farmers clarified that this level was low. The findings showed also that there were significant differences between the two average degrees expressing the agricultural agents and farmers’ points of view in respect to agricultural crisises management level in the study area. Third: According to the gap size between the actual and optimal levels of agricultural crisises management in the study area, the findings showed that the ratio gap was about 36.5%, 52.0% from the agricultural agents and farmers points of view respectively. Fourth: About 47.9% of respondent farmers showed that their utilization level of extension activities in the field of facing the agricultural ctisises was low. The findings showed also that there was a positive significant correlation relationship between farmers’ utilization level of extension activities in the field of facing agricultural crisises and the following variables: age, educational level, family size, aspiration level, leadership status, public awareness level, organizations membership and cultural openness. Fifth: The findings also represented some obstacles of the role of agricultural extension in agricultural crisises management and suggestions to face them from the agricultural agents and farmers points of view.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
247
273
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14272_145d1bfaecd80e35e56ee09cf739bede.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14272
ACOMPARATIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY OF FOOD EXPENDITURE PATTERNS IN KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
Alshuaibi
M.
Agribusiness & Consumer Sciences Dept., Collage of Agricultural Sciences & Food, King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
author
Elsebaei
M.
Agribusiness & Consumer Sciences Dept., Collage of Agricultural Sciences & Food, King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Agricultural Economics Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
The research aimd to identify changes of food expenditure patterns among Saudis and resident foreigners in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, by estimating expenditure functions for both the Saudis and resident foreigners, and estimate expenditure elasticity and marginal propensity to expend for household of major food groups. The study relied on cross-sectional data from the family budget survey conducted in Kingdom. Quantitative analysis and statistical tests were utilized. Means and indexes number, simple regression in linear and double logarithmic form for estimating expenditure food functions, in addition to the test of homogeneity of regression using chow test. The results of the study showed that the average monthly expenditure for Saudi household on miscellaneous goods and personal services as agroup, housing, water, electricity, fuel as asecond groups, food and drinks as athird groups, respectively 21.2 % , 20.7 % , 16.9 % of total expenditure. this classification differed for resident foreigners were the top three ranked expenditure groups were the housing, water, electricity, gas and fuel as one group, food and drinks as asecond groups, the miscellaneous goods and personal services as athird groups, respectively 21.8 %, 20.1% , 14.7% of total expenditure . The results of the study also showed that the Saudis are more flexible than resident foreigners in expenditure on food and drinks in general, where the consumption expenditure elasticity on food and drinks for Saudis was equal to 0.70, which was bigger than that for foreigners 0.61, yet the situation varied between commodities. The first group included the food commodities with consumption expenditure functions that were homogenous for Saudis and foreigners. These commodities were Fish and seafood, milk and milk products, eggs, sugar, jam, honey, food products are not classified, and coffee, tea and cocoa. Expenditure elasticity has been estimated was equal 0.85, 0.77, 0.78, 0.95, and 0.89, respectively. As for the food groups that expenditure pattern differs between Saudis and foreigners, this group included the food commodities with consumption bread and cereals, meat and poultry, adible oils and fats, pulses, fruits, vegetables, mineral water , soft drinks and juices, for Saudis was 0.50, 0.65, 0.62, 0.77, 0.78, 0.90, respectively. While for foreigners amounted to 0.29, 0.35, 0.51, 0.64, 0.56, 0.70, respectively, all of which are less than one, which indicates that demand for these food groups, is inelastic demand i.e. necessary good.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
275
294
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14278_fb94a6d605a87957f543f2b2de5cb355.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14278
AN ECONOMIC STUDY TO ESTIMATE AND FORECASTING THE FOOD GAP OF MEAT IN KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
Elsebaei
M.
Agribusiness & Consumer Sciences Dept., Collage of Agricultural Sciences & Food, King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Agricultural Economics Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
author
Mansour
H.
Agribusiness & Consumer Sciences Dept., Collage of Agricultural Sciences & Food, King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Economics and Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
The research aims to identify the current situation of red meat, poultry meat, and fish in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Forecasting, food gap until 2020 for these meat and its impact on the future prospects for its imports has also examined. This will help to design reliable policies for the production, import and export of meat in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The research problem is the increase of domestic consumption of meat due to population growth and inadequate domestic production. This summation the contribute to increase the deficit in the agricultural and food trade balance. The study referee to relative stability in the average production of red meat in the Kingdom during the period (2000-2014) amounting to 120.2 thousand tons, while production increased from both poultry and fish at an annual rate of about 6.2, 3.85 thousand tons, representing about 1.2 %, 4.6% of average annual production of 514.8, 82.2 thousand tons, respectively. At the same time red meat consumption in Saudi was relatively stable and swings around average during the study period amounting to 238.8 thousand tons, while increasing consumption of poultry meat, and fish at an annual rate significantly statistically amounted to about 39.7, 6.2 thousand tons, representing about 4.0%, 3.3 % of the annual average consumption of about 1003.9, 186.6 thousand tons, respectively. Results revealed that avirtual food gap in Saudi Arabia in each of red meat, poultry meat and fish amounted to about 118.6, 489.2, 104.4 thousand tons, respectively. However, according to the results, food gap has increased from both red meat and fish to reach about 169.2 , 247.5 thousand tons, respectively, While domestic production of poultry meat has achieved surplus in all the years of study, an average of 139 thousand tons , which indicates the presence of extravagance in consumption with an average share of Saudi Arabia's per capita, 39.7 kg , which is close to three times, as much as the average international per capita, estimated at 15.0 kg average for the period (2011-2014). Results of using Holt Winter,s two- parameters model to predict showed increasing of the virtual food gap from red meat , poultry meat and fish, reaching around 168.95, 822.0, 136.3 thousand tons respectively during 2020.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
295
316
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14281_34b0d1ed99117345bc59f60ccf7c2915.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14281
EVALUATING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF EGYPTIAN RICE EXPORTS
Heba
Mohamed
Cent. Lab. for Design & Stat. Analysis Res., ARC, Giza, Egypt
author
Mowafi
F.
Field Crop Res. Ins., ARC, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
This research aims to evaluate the competitiveness of rice exports during the period of (2002- 2013) using the market share index, the relative stability of exports coefficient, competitive price and market penetration coefficient to know causes of declining market shares for exports of Egyptian rice in the key markets and to suggest some methods to develop the Egyptian export policy for rice to increase competitiveness and improve export performance in the foreign markets. The results indicated that about 67.45% of the average amount of Egyptian rice exports is concentrated in five countries namely: Syria, Turkey, Libya, Jordan and the Sudan and about 32.55% is concentrated in Saudi Arabia, Belgium, Romania, the United States, Lebanon, Britain, the United Arab of Emirates, Kenya, Italy and other countries. Also, the results cleared a comparative advantage for Egyptian exports of rice in the world market. It was shown that each of the quantity, value and export price of rice is characterized by instability. The Egyptian rice has a competitive price advantage in India, Australia, Italy, the United States, China and Pakistan. The results showed that the penetration coefficient of the Egyptian exports of rice during the study period (2002- 2013) increases in the markets of the Sudan, Romania, Syria, Libya, Jordan and Lebanon. The study recommends the expansion of Egyptian rice to the markets of Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Kenya which is considered one of the promising markets. Establishing a system to follow up the export markets and gather accurate and immediate information about those markets and make it available in an easy and accessible way for the producers and exporters to identify the export opportunities and directing the production to the markets which receive a great amount of the Egyptian rice crop. Studying the competitive conditions of the Egyptian rice inside its main markets in order to increase the amount of exports.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
317
331
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14288_84e9ef41c7dd0ba1642704b939cd1d42.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14288
MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF PRICE POLICIES FOR FISH IN EGYPT
Sanaa
Gaber
Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
Prices reflect the relative scarcity of resources in terms of planning is based under the free-market mechanisms for price and market signals as an essential mechanism in the allocation of resources and guidance system, Price is also working on consumer directed toward maximizing satisficing the resources available to them, which leads to maximizing the well-being of the community. The research problem is in direct government intervention in price policy, which may give rise to a variation in the local and indirect world prices lead to non-optimal utilization of the resources used in the production process, which affects the welfare of producers and consumers, as well as on government revenue and the outcome of the state foreign trade. research aims to identify the price differences between local and world prices resulting from price, The policies fish and by estimating the partial equilibrium model to examine the effect influence of the policies of government intervention at all stages of fish flow in the market, by measuring the efficiency of the product, the consumer, the community level, and measurement of well-being at the community level, as well as measurement of government revenues and this may help to measure the efficiency of these policies in achieving its objectives and examine the effects on producers, consumers and the overall economy.
The results showed the following
The average nominal protection for fish rate during the study period (1998-2013) amounted to 0.67 i.e. it is greater than zero, which means that the state supports the producers of fish by about at 67% in favor of the producers of fish on the expense of the consumer represented in the higher domestic price for the world price, The results indicate that the concern of the State on promoting fish producers to reduce the size of the gap and reduce the import of foreign currency into force.
The study showed also that the expansion of fish production leads to increased foreign exchange earnings by reducing imports and reduce the food gap, where the maximum fish production reached amounted to 1372.0, 1454.4 during the years 2012.2013, respectively, while the maximum foreign exchange earnings reached a maximum in 2012, 2013 amounted to 27067.03.
The results of the welfare check gains in producer excess as the average change in the product excess amounted to 3.1336 billion pounds, which reflects the impact of price policy applied, while under the negative values of consumer excess has been achieved loss in consumer surplus, bringing the average loss during the study period of about 5566.88 million pounds. Decline in consumer surplus was due to the local consumer bear the superiority of market forces and the presence of protectionist policy to support the product and taxing the consumer, leading to increased consumer spending as a result of the purchase of small quantities at high prices, leading to lower prices of consumer welfare.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
333
347
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14319_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14319
AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF THE CURRENT SITUATION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN ELWADY ELGEDID
Shahira
Reda
Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
author
Ahmed
Ghani
Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
Elwady Elgedid considered as a promising Governorate in the field of sustainable agricultural development. This research aims to identify the current situation of agricultural plant production, crop composition, as well as crop yield, Agricultural Animal Production and the change in the number of cattle. The future prospects of agricultural production are also estimated. Proposals and recommendations on how to exploit the available optimum utilization of agricultural resources are also stated. The results showed that the average crop area, the value of agricultural production, the agricultural income and agricultural employment of Elwady Elgedid Governorate represents about 1.3%, 0.4%, 0.05%, 0.12% 0.12%, of the total crop area, agricultural production value, the value of production inputs, agricultural income value, the number of agricultural workers of the Republic. Results also showed that wheat crop area and production represents about 1.9% 1.5% of the area and production of wheat crop in the Republic. The area and production of faba bean crop represents about 4.9% to 4.3% of the area and production of faba bean crop in the Republic. The area and production of the winter tomato crop represents about 1.4% 1.8% of the area and production of the winter tomato crop in the Republic. While the area and production of alfalfa represents about 65.8%, 65.8% of the area and the production of alfalfa in the Republic as an average of the period, while the area and the production of sesame crop represents about 0.49%, 0.36% of the area and production of sesame crop in the Republic as an average of the period. The area and production of maize represent around 0.34%, 0.07% of the area and production of maize crop in the Republic as an average of the period. For Animal Production, numbers of cattle buffalo, sheep, goats, camels, representing about 2.6%, 1.3%, 0.97%, respectively of the total number in the Republic. By studying the expectation of future agricultural production in Elwady Elgedid Governorate years 2015, 2016 and 2017 showed the following: The crop area, agricultural production, agricultural production inputs, agricultural income and agricultural workers will increase with an increase estimated at 1.05%, 3.1%, 3.3%, 3.5%, 0.07% respectively out of 2014, and the area of wheat, bean and alfalfa, will increase by 2.1%, 70.8%, 0.09% Respectively from 2014, while summer sesame area will fall by 55.2% from 2014. The expectation for the future productivity of bean, and winter tomatoes will rise by 5.7%, 14.9% respectively from 2014, while the maize, summer sesame and alfalfa production will drop by 0.3%, 5.9%, and 5.2% from 2014. Forecasting the future of summer bean production will rise by 44.5% from 2014, while summer sesame, tomato and alfalfa production will fall by 70.13%, 1.4%, 5.3 respectively out of 2014.While forecasting the future number of, sheep, goats will rise by 0.55%, 0.06% respectively while the number of cows, buffalo, and camels will go down by 1.9%, 9.1%,1.3% from 2014. The research recommends dissemination crops appropriate to soil conditions and the environment in all varieties preservation area, and creates herd's nucleus for each of goats, cows and sheep, in the form of model farms.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
349
371
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14324_5a0f122ebba983d576202d9a4d486808.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14324
AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF THE LOSS OF PRODUCTIVE AND MARKETING OF THE CROP OF TOMATOES IN NEW LAND
Fawzia
Saber
Economic and Social Studies Division, Department of Economic Studies, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
author
Hanan
Ghaly
Economic and Social Studies Division, Department of Economic Studies, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
The agricultural sector is one of the most important national sectors of the economy as it provides food for humans, raw materials for the industrial sector, in addition to its contribution in Egyptian export. Facing the agricultural sector, losses of more than 16% of the total value of production, and aims of this research estimating were estimated as about tomatoes at the farm area. Nubaria level during the stages of production and marketing. The research used data of a sample of farms in Nubaria area in addition to secondary data from published and unpublished data as used by various government agencies of the Ministry of Agriculture as well as agricultural management centers in Nubaria area records, findings of the research were that average loss of production per acre during agricultural operations estimated was about 3.35, 2.7 tons of summer and winter tomatoes losses we are due to two main reasons, bad weather and bad of service operations, the responsibility of each was about 0.856, 2.50 tons per acre of summer tomato and about 0.478, 2.24 tons per acre of winter tomatoes crop, respectively, and losses bad operations service, resulted from of pest control, fertilization, and spacing intervals between plant, irrigation, poor performance of mechanical operations, the average waste of summer tomatoes were about 2.22 tons per feddan, representing about 7.5% of the average production per feddan amounting to 29.5 tons, has resulted in the losses during in marketing operations conducted by farmers , such as collection, packaging, transportation, sales in the wholesale markets, and the average loss amounted for winter tomatoes about 1.99 tons, representing about 7.05% of the average production per acre amounting to 28 tonnes, and this loss resulted to the same previous reasons, and reached the resulting loss the cost of the production losses incurred by the farmers sample to produce the quantity that has been lost for tomato summer 95.5 thousand pounds, tomatoes winter 49.9 thousand pounds, and amounted to a loss in the growers sample income due to the loss of about 76.7,160 thousand pounds for each of tomato summer tomatoes winter on respectively, and amounted to loss of irrigation water as a result of this loss of about 55.18, 24.62 thousand cubic meters for each of tomato summer tomatoes winter, respectively, and the most important recommendations concern operations Pest Control to limit the spread Tota Zisiluta worm which leads to high losses in tomato, work on the existence of centers marketing grouped close to reduce the period between harvesting and transportation, to develop the collection, packaging, transportation and choose a trained labor for harvesting methods. Key words: loss and water amount and economic estimation and cost.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
373
385
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14332_55e7d7d4b199d762899a91d3ea50ad4e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14332
FORECASTING WHEAT CROP PRODUCTION IN THE DESERT GOVERNORATES
Hanan
Ghaly
Economic and Social Studies Division, Department of Economic Studies, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
Wheat is considered one of the main grain crop that human is depend in his diet all over the world. It is a strategic crop globally and locally in Egypt. The problem of the research refers to the gap between local wheat production and consumption. This gap forced the country to import wheat and thus represent a burden on the Egyptian balance of trade. It is the objective of the present paper is therefore to investigate ways to alleviate the deficit of wheat production and gap. The study assess wheat area, production and productivity during the period 1995-2013 particularly in the desert governorates. The study estimates wheat gap during the above period by about 67.14 million ton. Safe efficiency is therefore was put as 54.1%. Losses of wheat were put as about 1017 about 14.2% in the country as a whole. The study estimates that wheat production in Matrooh and New Valley governorate is expected to be about 173.56 and 277.8 thousand ton respectively. The study suggests that measures should be taken to decrease losses of wheat during harvesting and marketing. New storage facilities should be established. The study recommends that special concern should be given to wheat cultivation in desert governorate by encouraging former to grow wheat by covering good wheat price to encourage formers
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
387
398
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14333_ef0667402e2afe4338971da9dcd5f6d3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14333
STUDY OF CONTAMINATION LEVEL OF OCHRATOXIN (A) IN IMPORED GRAINS WHEAT AND ITS PRODUCTS AT SOME LIBYAN FACTORIES
Altaher
Alzwei
Food Science & Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tripoli University, Libya
author
Najah
Elfeturi
Food Technology Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sebha University, Brack, Libya
author
text
article
2016
eng
This study was conducted to determine the present of Ochratoxin (A) (OTA) to the number of 50 samples of wheat grain from varieties of soft wheat (Tricticm astivum) and hard (T. durm), and its products from some Libyan Mills (from the north-west and south-east and north) by using a technique (IAC) immunoaffinity columns cleaning and HPLC-FD to detect, with an overall average rate of recovery of the samples of wheat and grain products and fungal isolates 86.59 ± 0.03% and 89.19 ± 0.01%, respectively. The results showed that 96% of the samples were positive for OTA, with the average concentration of OTA from different regions reached the highest concentration of 0.0928μg/kg for soft wheat. The average concentration of the OTA in the different areas that have been grain assembly resulted the highest concentration of 0.0918 μg kg-1 for soft wheat for the Western Region, followed by 0.0783 and 0.020 < μg kg-1 for the eastern and southern region respectively, while the average concentration of the OTA for hard wheat 0.0307 and 0.3316 μg kg-1 of eastern and western region respectively. However all the samples contain levels of OTA are below the limit recommended by Libyan Standards Specification and European Commission Regulation Standard. Results of statistical analysis also showed no significant differences of (P≤ 0.01) of the concentration of the for hard and soft types wheat between regions , and for soft wheat products between regions while there was significant differences between hard wheat products at level of (P≤ 0.01). The results showed that the overall average for the moisture content of the samples by region ranged between 10.6, 11.10% for soft wheat for the southern region and western region respectively, 9.54 and 10.08% for hard wheat to the western and eastern region respectively. Results also showed that the overall average for the moisture content of soft wheat products (flour) between different regions was (13.03, 11.78, 8.58%) to the north-east, north-west and south-west respectively. Hard wheat products did not exceed 13.33, 10.76% for the southern- west and north-east reigions of semolina and pasta respectively, while was within the limit to the Codex Alimentarius Commission. the results of the statistical analysis and the presence of highly significant for moisture content between types of soft wheat and hard within regions and this also applies to soft wheat and hard products between the regions at the level of (P≤ 0.01).
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
401
414
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14334_887e89eceee0b59805f3c67cb19b1871.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14334
ESTIMATION OF THE QUALITY INDICATORS IN THE IRRIGATED SOIL WITH INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER IN ALMARAWEA’AH–HOUDIDAH - REPUBLIC OF YEMEN
AL-Mansori
Q.S.
Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana’a University, Republic of Yemen
author
Othman
M.
Agriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Republic of Yemen
author
AL-Wadeai
M.
Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana’a University, Republic of Yemen
author
text
article
2016
eng
In a comprehensive study, soil surface (0-60cm) and subsurface (60-120cm) samples, (industrial- wastewater and wells water samples beside of plant samples (forest and wild shrubs) were collected from Almarawea’ah area, Al-houdiadah governorate. The objective of the study was to evaluate the environmental impact of wastewater that flow from food factory. The water is used for irrigating a silty loam soil and plants grown thereon which were evergreen trees (wind breaks) since 25 and 5 years ago (the first and second stages, respectively). Also, the analysis of chemical, physical, biological and microbial indicators was done. Obtained results showed that soil salinity was increased three times but sodium adsorption was increased 10 times as a result of using wastewater for irrigating the evergreen trees since 15 years ago where the EC and SAR were 0.115mS\cm and 1.3, respectively in the non-treated soil as compared with the treated one which were 0.37 mS\cm and 12.5 for EC and SAR, respectively. There was no significant impact for soil depth 0-60 and 60-120cm as well as for years of applications (5 and 25 years) on all the evaluated properties. However, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron contents in treated soil were slightly increased with no significant differences. On the contrary, potassium and manganese were significantly increased at 0.05 level as compared to non-treated one. Regarding to the plant analysis the obtained data showed that no significant differences between the concentration of the studied elements (N, P, K, Fe, and Mn) in leaves of trees (their local names are Muraimerah and Damas) and shrubs (Thomam and Abad). However, zinc concentration was high in shrub plants (2350.5 ppm) compared to trees (103.5 ppm) which indicated that shrub plants can collecte high levels of zinc ( zinc hyperaccumulatorplant). For water, comparison of samples collected from ground water wells (near and far) and wastewater samples collected morning and evening, the results indicated that using factory wastewater for irrigating trees to be used as wind breaks was suitable way to prevent expected environmental contamination and transmission of those contaminants to the ground water
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
417
430
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14335_a0118284d1e848aeac4f60f609e529d6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14335
TEST THE EFFECT OF TEUCRIUM POLIUM L AND ZIZIPHUSSPINA CHRISTI (L) DESF LEAF EXTRACTS TO DISCOURAGE THE GROWTH OF SPECIES OF PLANT PATHOGEN
Nuwara
Mohamed
Fungal Plant Diseases Laboratory, Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture of Omar Mukhtar, Libya
author
Fouzia
Abdel Salam
Bacterial Plant Diseases Laboratory, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, University of Omar Mukhtar, Libya
author
text
article
2016
eng
This study was impact test effectively alcohol extract of plant leaves the El gada (Teucrium polium) and seder (Ziziphusspina Christi) on Fusarium oxysporum isolated from the roots of tomato plants infected with wilt,and Botrytis cinerea isolated from infected bulbs, grey rot, The test also included a plant pathogenic bacteria are Erwinia cartovora isolated from infected bulbs, soft rot bac- terium Pseudomonas sp, isolated from Cucumber leaves infected with bacterial wilt disease. The results showed that concentrations of leaf alcohol extract CEDR effective on fungus F. oxysporum, with lower average growth used Center-Qatar plants extract alcohol concentration 2% after 7 days of incubation and growth-Qatar amounted to 6.6 cm , and is not affected by alcohol extract of leaves of El gada . While B.cinerea mushroom growth is not affected by both seder and seder extracts. It also found that alcoholic extract of leaves of Seder dampening bacteria isolated Pseudomonas sp and E.cartovora, while never giving El gada alcohol extract no inhibition effect against bacteria tested.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
433
442
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14341_dc846043a80e2a3132844682cb1adbb4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14341
EFFECT OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENTS TO IMPROVEMENT ON IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY FOR RICE STRAW
Ahmed
D.
Euphrates Higher Basin Developing Center, University of Anbar, Iraq
author
text
article
2016
eng
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of biological treatments to improvement on the in vitro digestibility disappearance for rice straw. The parameter used in this study includes; gas-production, IVDMD, IVMOD and pH value. The experiment was divided into seven treatments: 1st treatment: considered as control group was used 3g from straw only. 2nd treatment: Fibrolytic enzymes group 0.3g with 3g from straw. 3rd treatment: Fibrolytic enzymes group 0.4g with 3g from straw. 4th treatment: Saccharomyces cerevisie group 0.3g with 3g from straw. 5th treatment: Saccharomyces cerevisie group 0.4g with 3g from straw. 6thtreatment: The mix group between fibrolytic enzymes group 0.3g and Saccharomyces cerevisie group 0.3g with 3g from straw. 7thtreatment: The mix group between fibrolytic enzymes group 0.4g and Saccharomyces cerevisie group 0.4g with 3g from straw. The results showed a significant increase (P<0.05) of 6th group in gas production as compared with 3rd group at the beginning of the experiment. Also the 3rd group showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in gas production as compared with 5th group after 10 hrs. from the period of incubation. It has been observed that there was a significant increase (P <0.05) in the 3rd group in gas produced as compared with 4th and 5th group after 12 hrs from the period of incubation. The result also showed a significant effect (P <0.05) in the 2nd and 6th groups in the gas production as compared with 5th group after 24 hrs the period of incubation. It has been observed after 48 hrs the period of incubation, there was a significant effect (P<0.05) in gas produced in all treated groups as compared with 5th group. It has been noticed from the experiment that there was result a significant increase (P<0.05) in 5th, 6th groups of pH value as compared with 2nd and 4th groups. The results showed a significant effect (P<0.05) in the 3rd group in IVDMD as compared with 6th group, Similarly, there showed a significant effect (P<0.05) in the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 6th, 7th groups in the IVDMD as compared with 4th group. There was also a significant effect (P<0.05) in the 3rd in IVMOD value than that with 6th group. It has been shown that there was a significant effect (P <0.05) in the 6th group of IVMOD value as compared with 2nd, 4th and 7th groups. Finally it has observed that there was a significant effect (P <0.05) in the control group (1st), 5th and 7th groups in IVMOD value as compared with 4th group. It was concluded from this study that addition of fibrolytic enzymes and a combination of fibrolytic enzymes and saccharomyces cerevisie could improve digestibility of rice straw in vitro.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
445
451
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14342_74c62147b1cd65b1c2f768402ec6542e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14342
WILLINGNESS OF EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION MIDDLE LEVEL MANAGERS TO USE CELL PHONES IN EXTENSION SERVICES
Diab
M.
Rural Sociology & Agricultural Extension Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut
University, The New Valley Branch, Egypt
author
Zeinab
Abdel-Rahman
Rural Sociology & Agricultural Extension Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
The purposes of this study are to: i) assess the agricultural extension middle level managers’ willingness to use cell phones in extension services, and ii) investigate the factors affecting their willingness to change and their change- related behavior. The DINAMO scale developed by Metselaar (1997) was used to assess their willingness to use cell phones in extension. Data were collected from 19 agricultural extension middle level managers representing 67.86% of the total number of middle level managers (28 mid-managers) by questionnaire during their annual meeting that was held on May 2015. Mean scores, percentages, and Chi-square test were used for data presentation and analysis. The results showed that the respondents’ overall willingness to change is 220.2 which represents 72.2% of the total score; this implies that extension middle level managers are entirely have positive willingness to use cell phones in agricultural extension services. There are seven variables have significant relationships with extension middle managers’ willingness to change namely: Managers' affective orientation towards the use cell phones in extension (ᵡ2 =38), The value of use cell phones for the agricultural extension organization (ᵡ2 =37.07), Collegial attitudes towards use cell phones in extension (ᵡ2 =38.22), Self-control factors (ᵡ2 =38), External control factors (ᵡ2 =36.24), Control over and contentment with use cell phones in extension (ᵡ2 =24.7), and Perceived complexity of use cell phones in extension (ᵡ2 =31.16). On the other hand there are five variables affecting the change- related behavior of the middle managers as follows: Managers' affective orientation towards the use cell phones in extension (ᵡ2 =51.19), Collegial attitudes towards use cell phones in extension (ᵡ2 =51.12), External control factors (ᵡ2 =50.34), Control over and contentment with use cell phones in extension (ᵡ2 =25.82), and The middle manager's willingness to use cell phones in extension (ᵡ2 =24.61). It could be concluded that there is a strong opportunity for using cell phones in extension services, and the respondents are ready for the beginning of such initiative.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
453
464
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14343_3e280482dfaf5f6e9e3dbfce8f79ce16.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14343
ESTAMAING PRICE AND EXPENDITURE ELASTICITIES FOR MAJOR FOODS IN EGYPT DURING THE PERIOD (1980-2014) USING THE LINEAR ALMOST IDEAL DEMAND SYSTEM
Fayyad
S.
Higher Institute for Agricultural Cooperation, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
The objective of this research is to estimate price (direct and cross) and expenditure elasticities for major food commodities in Egypt. The food commodities are divided into six sub-models depending on the homogeneity within each group of commodities and the data availability quantities consumed and the corresponding retail prices for each individual item. Some commodities are aggregated in groups such as other beans, other vegetables, fruits(1), fruits(2) and oils. The Linear Almost Ideal Demand System (LAIDS) model is applied in estimating a system of demand equations for each group of food commodities. To avoid the invalid inference and spurious regression problems that may be created by non-stationary data series, the Fully Modified Least Squares (FMLS) estimator is utilized. The demand parameters satisfy the Engel aggregation, cournot aggregation, homogeneity and symmetry conditions. The results indicate that expenditure elasticities of the majority of food commodities/groups are less than the unity except fot the fruits2 (1.110), indicating necessity effects. This can be also interpreted as following the increasing of consumptions of these commodities is strongly connected with increasing of all income levels. The results also show that the own price elasticities for food commodities/groups are inelastic. For fruits 2, its inelastic own price elasticity still indicates that it tends to be very sensitive to price changes. The relative high cross price elasticities in all sub-models illustrate the strong substitute or complementary effects of the price change of one commodity one quantities consumed from other commodities in the same sub-models. Therefore, structural implications from the estimated elasticities are important. The estimated own and cross price and expenditure elasticities must be analyzed during the economic reform for better understanding all economic changes affecting prices as well as consumption and expenditures.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
465
479
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14344_1829a394196a382a2f9651dea28c287d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14344
RESOURCE-USE EFFICIENCY OF MILLET PRODUCTION UNDER SALINITY CONDITION IN NORTH SINAI GOVERNMENT, EGYPT
Dalia
Abozaid
Socio-Economic Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
author
Sherien
Mansour
Socio-Economic Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
North Sinai farming community is facing many challenges such as increasing drought and salinity in water and soil, poor quality soils, a long hot summer with high solar radiation; in addition to poor experience of settled farmers and local Bedouins in improving traditional agriculture and animal productivity under saline conditions. The main objective of the study is to establish the efficiency of resource use in millet production among smallholder farmers in North Sinai region. Using a multi-stage random sampling procedure in selecting farmers interviewed. A structured questionnaire was administered to 60 smallholder farmers selected for analysis; the farmers were divided into two groups based on ownership and use of animals on the farm, and used a model to evaluate efficiency of the two groups. In this model, a Cobb-Douglas production function was fitted for the cross- sectional data generated from the survey. The ratio of marginal value product (MVP) to marginal factor cost (MFC) for all inputs was found to be greater than unity among all groups of farmers implying under-utilization of resources. Millet farmers were found to experience increasing returns to scale, meaning use of additional inputs in millet production would result in higher yields. The null hypothesis, which stated that smallholder farmers in North Sinai region are not allocating their farm resources efficiently in millet production, was tested and rejected at 5% level of significance. It was therefore concluded that millet farmers in North Sinai region were sub-optimally allocating resources in their production system.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
481
487
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14345_c54c70a7488a6cc25019faa2c87a4157.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14345
ANALYSIS OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR GROWTH USING MALMQUIST TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY INDEX FOR 165 COUNTRIES
Ayman
Abouzeid
Agricultural Economics Department, Faculty of Agricultural, Menofia University, Shebeen
El-Koam, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
This study was conducted to estimates the Malmquist productivity indices using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) for 165 countries over 8 regions and classified across 8 groups based on agricultural gross production value during the study period (1980-2007). The total factor productivity including and measure the efforts in the resource allocation, modernization, the technological change, and catch-up efforts in the agriculture sector in any country. While, Malmquist TFP index measures total factor productivity change between two data points by calculating the ratio of the distance function of each data point relative to a common technology. The data used in this study was drawn from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. This paper also estimated the technical efficiency, technical efficiency change and technical change for countries in each group and for all those countries as one group.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
489
510
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14347_019b2af2eb98c3f715f8bf0f32a60e08.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14347
PRODUCTION OF HEALTHY SNACKS FROM BARLEY, CHICKPEA, LETTUCE SEEDS AND HERB DISTRIBUTED IN EGYPT
Twfik
M.
Institute of Food Technology, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
author
Sulieman
M.
Food Science Dept., Faculty of Agricultur, Zagazig University, Egypt
author
Barakat
S.
Institute of Food Technology, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
author
Abbas
S.
Department of Natural Resources, Institute of African Research and Studies, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
author
Sobhy
M.
Department of Natural Resources, Institute of African Research and Studies, Cairo
University, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
nacks was made from yellow corn and its blends had contained corn, barley, chickpea, cumin, black cumin, black pepper and lettuce seeds at different levels considerable as lettuce seeds of ingredient and products were defined as physical, chemical and sensory evaluation. The results showed that the chickpea had contained the highest in protein and total lipids 40.60 and 15.50%. The black pepper, chickpea and cumin seeds had contained higher in crude fiber (14.20, 10.71 and 10.50%, respectively). The snacks with lettuce seeds showed that the protein was the highest in group (2) it was 15.04, 16.44 and 17.82 %. Total lipids, crude fiber and ash content were decreased gradually in the snacks from group (1) 4.02, 4.87 and 5.72% and the highest in total lipids in group (2) which contained 4.23, 5.08 and 5.93%, respectively. Hunter color values of snacks control and its different blends from lettuce seeds the group (6) prepared with 60% corn grits and 15, 10 and 5% barley and also 6% lettuce seeds showed that higher in lightness and yellowness till 15% chickpea and nearly control snacks. The highest (WAI) and (WSI) were in groups (1 and 2) respectively made from 40% corn grits and 40, 35, 30 and 25% barley. The sensory properties showed that the extrusion blend (18) made from 20% chickpea and 5% barley the highest acceptability (95%) and nearly control (96%) followed were by 10 and 15% chickpea plus 15 and 10% barley were gave 93.0 and 88.0% during overall acceptability.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
513
523
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14349_c49f68d64e3f5f72aaebffe40caa7917.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14349
EFFECT OF ZEOLITE, POTASSIUM HUMATE, BIOCHER AND BIOFERTILIZER ON AMMONIA LOSS FROM CALCAREOUS SOIL
Shimaa
Oraby
Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
author
Elbordiny
M.
Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
author
Khaled
M.
Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
author
El-Neenah
M.
Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
Application of urea to agricultural soil may pollute the air environment due to ammonia (NH3) volatilization. Zeolite, Humate, biocher and biofertilizer may be used to control N losses resulting from urea transformation to NH3. A laboratory soil incubation experiment was conducted to determine the effects of zeolite, K-humate, biocher and biofertilizer on controlling NH3 losses out of applied urea. Calcareous soil sample from El-Nobaria area, Beheira Governorate was treated with different amendments and incubated under laboratory condition for 13 weeks. Results obtained showed that soil treated with urea in the presence of different amendments significantly reduced NH3 release from urea as compared to the control. During the first 80 days of the incubation ammonia losses were highest in control compared to soil treated with the different amendments. Biocher treatment showed the highest effect in reducing ammonia volatilization from calcareous soil. Therefore, treating calcareous soil with biocher and biofertilizer can decrease were losses as ammonia and increase nitrogen availability in soil, and hence reduces air pollution by ammonia.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
525
533
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14351_1d3aa4b577537d83d20461c8557fb92c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14351
RETENTION OF ZN, PB, CU AND CD METAL IONS ONTO SEWAGE IRRIGATED SOIL
Abou Hadid
F.
Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
author
Ali
M.
Nuclear Materials Authority, Cairo, Egypt
author
El-Behairy
A.
Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
author
Morsy
A.
Nuclear Materials Authority, Cairo, Egypt
author
Elmalih
M.
Nuclear Materials Authority, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
The sorption isotherm and kinetic of Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ , and Cd2+ ions onto sewage irrigated soil (El-Gebal El Aasfar-Qalubia) was examined as a function of the retention time and initial ion concentration using batch equilibrium sorption experiments. Results show that the Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd metal ions onto the soil is relatively rapid and sorption reaches equilibrium at about 240 minutes. Kinetics of the sorption process on the soil is well characterized by the pseudo-second order reaction rate. Langmuir, Freundlich and D–R isotherm models are fitted for the sorption of Cu2+, Pb2, Zn2+, and Cd2+ ions onto the soil. The constants of all models were calculated for each metal ion and compared. It indicated clear differences between the sorption characteristics of Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ ions on the sewage irrigated soil.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
535
545
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14352_e662e1a2ba7409a4ceb6311be2191992.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14352
SURVEY OF PARASITOIDS AND PREDATORS OF TOMATO LEAF MINER, TUTA ABSOLUTA (MEYRICK) (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE) IN EGYPT
Eman, Abdelmaksoud
M.
Plant Protection Department- Faculty of Agriculture- Ain Shams University- Cairo- Egypt
author
El-Refai
A.
Plant Protection Department- Faculty of Agriculture- Ain Shams University- Cairo- Egypt
author
Rania
Rashwan
Plant Protection Department- Faculty of Agriculture- Ain Shams University- Cairo- Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is an invasive pest, that caused a significant damage to the tomato crop in the Middle East area. It infests Solanaceae plants especially tomato, Lycopersicon esculuntum Mill. To find parasitoids and predators for biological control of this pest, samples of tomato leaves infested with T. absoluta were collected from Qualiobya and Giza Governorates. Three genera of hymenopterous parasitoids, Diglyphus sp. (Eulophidae), Elasmus spp. (Elasmidae) and Telenomus sp. (Scelionidae) are the first record in Egypt. The predator bug, Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Heteroptera: Miridae) was also recorded. T. absoluta showed two peaks of 30.3 and 25.0 leaf mines/10 leaflets on 7th and 28th of May, 2013, respectively. N. tenuis also recorded two peaks of 58.8 and 73.3 nymphs and adults/plant on the same previous dates, respectively. N. tenuis was mass reared to evaluate the predatory efficiency of nymph and adult stages on T. absoluta eggs. The nymph, adult male and female consumed 113.3, 81.5 and 125.3 eggs of T. absoluta, respectively. The 4th nymphal instar devoured the highest number (30.6 eggs), while the 1st nymphal instar ate the lowest (7eggs). Therefore, N. tenuis was highly effective in controlling T. absoluta eggs under laboratory conditions.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
547
553
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14353_1fa47f492b22e0b7f0ae7d0981b78929.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14353
INDUCTION OF RESISTANCE AGAINST DAMPING-OFF AND ROOT ROT DISEASES IN FABA BEAN
Marwa
Atwa
Legume and Forage Diseases Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seeds cv. Misr 1 were treated with Bion (5 mM), salicylic acid (5 mM) as chemical inducers as well as Paenibacillus polymyxa and Trichoderma harzianum as biotic inducers to study their effect on the infection with Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani f. sp. fabae under greenhouse and field conditions. Under greenhouse conditions (Agricultural Research Centre, Giza) all treatments induced reduction in the percentages of pre- and post-emergence damping off caused by R. solani or F. solani f. sp. fabae compared to untreated control. The highest percentage of survived plants was achieved from the inducer Bion (92 % and 88%) compared with untreated control (40% and 36%) in the presence of R. solani or F. solani f. sp. fabae respectively. Meantime, there was no significant difference between the Bion and the fungicide Rizolex –T (3 g/Kg seeds) treatments. However, all treatments caused significant increase in the figures of plant height, shoot and root dry weight, nodules number/plant and nodules dry weight over the control treatment grown in infested soil by R. solani or by F. solani f. sp. fabae. The highest values of all growth parameters under study were recorded on faba bean plants check (healthy plants) grown in disinfested soil followed by Bion and Rizolex –T treatments in the presence of R. solani or F. solani f. sp. fabae. There was no significant difference between Bion and Rizolex-T treatments with exception of nodules number and nodules dry weight /plant in the presence of R. solani. On the contrary, there was significant difference between Bion and Rizolex-T treatments with exception of plant height in the presence of F. solani f. sp. fabae. Under field conditions at Giza (Giza Governorate) and Etay El-Baroud (El- Behira Governorate) Agricultural Research Stations during winter season 2013-2014, all the treatments significantly decreased the percentage of pre- and post-emergence damping-off and increased the percentage of survived plants compared with untreated control in two locations with exception of post-emergence percentage figures at Giza Agricultural Research Station. Regarding survived plants, there were no significant differences between the Bion (89.5% and 86.5%) as well as Rizolex-T (90.9% and 88.8%) treatments compared with untreated control (68.3% and 64.3%) at Giza and Etay El-Baroud Agricultural Research Stations respectively. However, all inducer treatments significantly improved growth parameters (i.e. plant height, number of pods/plant, seed weight /plant and one hundred seed weight) as well as yield compared to the untreated control in the two locations. Higher increase in seed yield (ton /feddan) was obtained with Rizolex-T and Bion treatments (62.2% and 57.9%) respectively, followed by salicylic acid and P. polymyxa with (39.4% and 28.4 %) respectively, increasing over the untreated control calculated as means of the two locations. Activities of peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes and phenol content were determined in faba bean plants treated with different inducers. Bion treatment showed the highest increase in PO and PPO activity, total and free phenols followed by salicylic acid treatment in the presence of R. solani or F. solani f. sp. fabae.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
555
578
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14425_5da80902231ab74154c352c726f45b2f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14425
RESPONSE OF POT MARIGOLD (Calendula officinalis L.) TO DIFFERENT APPLICATION METHODS AND CONCENTRATIONS OF SEAWEED EXTRACT
Tartil
Emam
Horticulture. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
author
Hosni
M.
Horticulture. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
author
Ibrahim
K.
Horticulture. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
author
Hewidy
M.
Horticulture. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
This research study was carried out in the open field during the two successive seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. The aim of this investigation was to study the response of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) to different application methods and concentrations of seaweed extracts applied as a commercial compound. Seven treatments were initiated, i.e. three concentrations of seaweed extracts (500, 1000, 1500) were used either as foliar spray or as soil drench in addition to the control treatment (tap water). Results indicated that foliar spray with 1500 ppm of seaweed extract increased significantly plant height, number of flowers per plant and vase life in the two tested seasons. However, foliar spray with the lowest concentration of seaweed extract (500 ppm) resulted in significant increments in flower stalk length, flower diameter and carbohydrates content. Moreover, the same concentration showed significant increases in total carotenoids, nitrogen, and phosphorus percentage when used as soil drench in the two tested seasons.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
581
591
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14428_598cdbe3e7f0b260a9debcd93c10e230.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14428
IMPACT OF CALCIUM, HOT WATER AND MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE TREATMENTS IN CHILLING INJURY SUSCEPTIBILITY OF STORED PAPAYAS
Korkar
M.
Higher Institute for Agric .Co- Operation, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
Mature-green solo papaya fruits with color index green with trace of yellow were subjected at 2014 and 2015 seasons to many pre storage treatments. CaCl2 5% solution either at ambient temperature or 45°C in combined with modified atmosphere package (MAP), hot water at 45°C with or without MAP and untreated fruits were investigated, comparing to commercial treatments . All treatments except treatments were cold stored at 5 for one or two weeks followed by 7 days at 18°C for marketing period, where commercial treatment was stored at 10 °C for two weeks and 7 days at 18°C. The obtained result were recorded at chilling injury symptoms , weight loss % , decay fruit % , fruit firmness (Kg\ f)., L- ascorbic acid content T.S.S. ,acidity , salute leakage ethylene production with or without MAP were effective in minimizing orb prevent chilling injury symptoms of solo papaya fruits stored at 5 ±1°C followed marketing at 18±1°C. Storability and good quality and improved chemical characteristics of solo papayas were obtained with pre – storage treatments of solo papaya were obtained with pre – storage treatments compared with control or commercial treatment.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
593
608
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14429_d8ad44f1a70901a44a279b4dec0dd1fa.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14429
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE AND COMPETITIVENESS OF EGYPTIAN EXPORTS OF DATES IN THE WORLD MARKETS
El-Shatla, H.S.
A.
Economic Studies, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
author
N.H.M.
Baumi
Range management Unit, Desert Research Center, Matariya, Cairo
author
Sdeuk
M.
Economic Studies, Higher Institute for Agricultural Cooperation, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
The study aimed at measuring competitiveness of Egyptian exports of dates based on indicators Econometric Analysis and indicators of competitiveness. The important results of this study are: 1- Indonesia is ranked first in the import of Egyptian dates, amounting is about 31.9%, followed by the state of Morocco with about 24.6%, then the State of Malaysia, Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, Syria, Germany with rates about 20.9%, 3.8%, 3.6%, 2.9%, 2.3%, 0.99% respectively of total imports. 2- Egypt has a competitive advantage compared to the rate of penetration of Egyptian exports of dates for the most important international markets in the state of Morocco, followed by Indonesia, Malaysia, and Lebanon respectively. 3- Egypt has also a competitive advantage in the export price of dates for each of Tunisia, Saudi Arabia and Algeria among the most important countries in the world. 4- Calculating the geographic concentration of date’s commodity coefficient shows that it is almost close to zero, which suggests that there is a problem in Egyptian exports of dates, despite the fact that Egypt is classified as the first country worldwide in its production. 5- A ten percent change in the comparative advantage of the phenomenon of Egyptian exports of dates leads to a change in the same direction to the amount of Egyptian exports target of 11.7% . 6- The study predicts an increase in the quantity and value of Egyptian exports targeted from about 32.9 thousand tons, 41.9 million dollars in 2017 to 38.2 thousand tons, 48.9 million dollars in 2020. Recommendations 1- The paper recommends that a production map should be made to determine different consumer tastes in importing countries. 2- Opening export areas of dates in competitive countries such as the state of Tunisia, Saudi Arabia and Algeria specially where Egypt has a competitive price advantage over these countries. 3- Reviewing the export policy in general and the policy of exporting dates in particular to support Egypt’s competitive status in the Arab and international markets specially that the rest of the competitive countries in exporting dates had a competitive price advantage compared to Egypt. 4- Studying both of the Lebanese and Turkish markets to re-open them for Egyptian date exports since these specific markets show a significant lack of Egyptian date exports. 5- Increasing the competitiveness of dates in the international markets and maintaining the markets in which Egypt has a competitive edge for its exports of dates such as Indonesia and Morocco. 6- Determining in general the most important kinds of dates that competitive countries exports.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
231
246
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14800_066b3f664323228ddff342c12d9859a4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14800
RESPONSE OF TOMATO PLANTS TO SOME AGRICULTURAL AND CHEMICAL TREATMENTS ON FRUIT YIELD AND ITS QUALITY RELATION TO TUTA ABSOLUTA (MEYRICK) AND BEMISIATABACI (Genn.) INFESTATION
Zakher, A.
G.
Self Pollination Crops Departement., Hort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
author
Abdel-Aziz
A.
Self Pollination Crops Departement., Hort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
author
Afsah
E.
Plant Protection. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
author
Farha, H.
Fargalla
Plant Protection. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
An experiment was carried out to study the effect of some agricultural and chemical treatments on two serious insects i.e. leaf miner, Tuta asoluta (Meyrick), and the cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) that infest tomato plants, as well as the influence on the growth, fruit yield and its quality were evaluated. The trail was carried out in a sandy soil at Amoun Agricultural Association, Eltal El Kabier, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt during two autumn seasons of 2013 and 2014. The experiment included 7 treatments as follows: covering tomato plants with agryl, white and green net as a row covering tunnels, dusting with Sulfur (repellent the insect) as the safety material for human and environmental comparing chemical pesticides i.e. Actara using it as foliar spraying or soil drench and untreated control. The results showed that the all treatments induced significant positive impact for all infest status which reduced the incidence of the two serious insects’ i.e. T. asoluta and B. tabaci on tomato plants than the control treatment during the first and second seasons. Data also showed that the all treatments were infested by tomato leaf miner (eggs and larvae stage) with low numbers of eggs under the tested conditions during the two seasons except of covering with Agryl, white net and green net which were free from any tomato leaf miner. In addition, soil treatment (soil drench) application was the most potent treatment in protecting tomato plants from the whitefly immature stages, but the lowest percentage of plants exhibiting virus symptoms (TYLCV) recorded by covering with white net treatment compared with untreated (control) during the two tested seasons. Concerning the effect of using some agricultural and the chemical treatments on horticultural characters of tomato plant, the obtained results indicated positive effect on the all studied parameter of tomato i.e. vegetative growth characters, physical and chemical fruit characters, flowering characteristics and yield components during the two seasons. The data showed that the rows covering with white net was the best potent treatment safety treatment for human healthy followed by foliar spraying with Actara 25% WG (Thiamethoxam) 20g./100 of water as chemical treatment on yield, which recorded (41.7 and 43.2), (30.32 and 32.13) tons per feddan during the first and second seasons respectively compared with other treatments. Moreover the covering with white net also recoded the first ranking in economic study which recoded the best value (34200 and 35700) Egyptian pound on total income without addition the cost of agriculture practices during the first and second seasons respectively. For that it can recommend by covering tomato plants with white net followed by covering with agryl especially at heavy infection seasons with the serious insects as T. asoluta and B. tabaci for producing high tomato yield with best quality, in addition safety human health and environment without using pesticide.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
609
622
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14802_cf063e91d927baba90f0e625d1dd3a31.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14802
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION SCHEDULING AND PLANT DENSITY ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF STRAWBERRY GROWN IN WATER CULTURE
W.A
El-Malky
Drug Food Dept., National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
The experiment was carried out at the experimental site of Arid Land Agricultural graduate studies and Research Institute (ALARI), Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Qalyobia Governorate during the two successive seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. Fresh bare root strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) transplants cv. Festival were used in this experiment.The aim of the study was to determine the best irrigation scheduling and better strawberry density to get the best production and quality of strawberry fruits grown in A-shape NFT system. Five irrigation schedules (24 hours (control), ¼ / ½ hour (Sched 1), ¼ / 1 hour (Sched 2), ¼ / 2 hours (Sched 3), ¼ / 3 hours (Sched 4) and two plant density per square meter (21 plants / m2 “PD-1”,32 plants / m2 “PD-2”) and the combinations among them were tested in this experiment. The EC of the nutrient solution was adjusted at the range of 2.0 – 2.5 m.mhos-2 and pH was maintained at the range of 5.5-6.0 throughout the experimental time. The measurements recorded were as follows: number of leaves, % of fruit set, early and total yield and mean fruit weight. Quality measurements included total soluble solids (TSS) (the percentage of TSS was determined by using hand refractometer), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and fruit acidity. Results indicated that irrigating plants for 15 min every ½ hour increased productivity (mean fruit weight, early yield and total yield) and quality (TSS) but reduced vitamin C and fruit acidity of strawberry. While the irrigating plants every 1 hour reduced number of leaves, set %, early & total yield, mean fruit weight, TSS.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
623
632
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14806_02ac5fc5987ec245cf684704b4ed49c1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14806
INFLUENCE OF SEED HARDENING TREATMENTS ON YIELD, YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND NITREOGEN PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF MAIZE (Zea mays, L.) UNDER DROUGHT STRESS CONDITIONS
Fergani, M.
A.
Agronomy Dept., Faculty of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
author
Abd El-Hady
A.
Agronomy Dept., Faculty of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
author
El-Temsah
E.
Agronomy Dept., Faculty of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
Two field experiments were carried out in Agric. Expt. Farm, Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ. at Shalakan, Kaleobia Governorate, Egypt during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. These experiments aimed to study the effect of seed hardening treatments (without, -4 bar, -6 bar and -8 bar polyethylene glycol (PEG6000)) on yield and its attributes and nitrogen physiological parameters of maize (zea maize) under irrigation periods (irrigation every 14, 21 and 28 day) . The data revealed that all tested treatments affected significantly yield and its attributes traits except ear length. The highest values of ear weight (246.2 g), ear diameter (4.62 cm), number of rows/ear (13.6), shelling percentage (82,64%), grain yield/fad (3.58 ton), biological yield/fad (11.81 ton) and 100 kernels weight (g) (39.07) were recorded with -8 bar (PEG) treatment. Moreover -8 bar (PEG) this treatment recorded the highest values of grain nitrogen yield (kg/fad) and lowest value of grain nitrogen percentage (%). Irrigation every 14 days was characterized by significant higher yield attributes, which reflected its yield parameters and produced significant maximum grain yield. Irrigation every 14 day recorded significant highest grain and biological yield, which reflected its grain N yield and total N absorbed in plant. Maximum values of NUE and NRE ware optioned when maize plant irrigated every 14 day followed by irrigation every 21 day and irrigation every 28 day. On the other hand, NPE and NHI of studied irrigation periods were significantly differed; the highest values were recorded when maize irrigated every 28 day. The results also showed that seed hardening treatments (-4, -6 and -8 bar PEG) under irrigation periods 14 and 21 day recorded the highest values of ear length (cm) and ear diameter (cm). The high performance of irrigation every 14 day with hardening -8 bar PEG in yield attributes was reflected on its yield parameters. These parameters reached their highest significant values included grain and biological yield ware 3.97 and 13.55 ton/fad respectively; meanwhile; the lowest values in case of without hardening under irrigation every 28 day ware 2.17 and 7.84 ton/fad respectively .
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
635
643
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14808_2fcee1b0b0c8c324f1322fb029065040.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14808
DEFINITION OF DANGEROUS MICROBES CONTAMINATED WHITE COATS FOR STUDENTS OF HEALTH COLLEGES AND SCIENCE
Latifah
AL-Hussainin
Biology Dept., Fac. of Sci., Princess Nora Bint Abdul Rahman Univ., Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia
author
text
article
2016
eng
White coats worn by professionals in the medical field (students of health) or the work in the laboratory (students of Science), goal protect clothing from microbes. In this study was determined the type of microbial contamination on the white coats and the potential risks of microbes. The study was done by a questionnaire for students and samples swabs of coats for 80 students from the Fac. of Health and Science. The results explained the presence of pathogenic bacteria causing inflammatory and dimples contaminated white coats, such as Erysipelothrio rhusiopathiae causing the h time skin, Micrococcus luteues causing chronic inflammatory skin ; bacterial meningitis and blood contamination unidentified Organism and Kocuria kristinae causing infections of the urinary tract infections, gallbladder and opportunistic bacteria and the spread of nosocomial infections, one of opportunistic pathogens. As well as recorded high proportion of serious fungi that cause various diseases and contamination of food such as Aspergillus niger ; Helminthosporium spp, Fusarium SPP, and Alternaria alternate . This study suggests that a large proportion of white coats may be a carrier of serious morbidity among female students in colleges is different, especially when not . There are laws and regulations in organizing wear these coats and the way to carry and learn how the daily cleaning of .
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
645
652
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14810_22ca10ce508083f1afc598847090ab1d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14810
ANATOMICAL AND CHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS L. (ASPARAGACEAE)
Harb, R.
K.
Agricultural Botany Dept., Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt
author
El-Kobisy
S.
Agricultural Botany Dept., Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt
author
Sally F.
Desoukey
Agricultural Botany Dept., Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2016
eng
Although Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is chiefly known as a vegetable herb, little information about the botanical characteristics of such plant are available. Therefore, it is aimed in this study to bring light more information about the morphological, anatomical and some important chemical contents of vegetative and reproductive organs of the plant, throughout the consecutive stages of its entire life span under the local conditions. Seeds of Asparagus (cv. Mary Washington 500 W) were sown 2nd Feb. 2013. The field experiment was carried out at the Experimental and Research Station of Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt during the two successive growing seasons 2013 and 2014. Asparagus is a herbaceous, perennial plant that grows up to 1.5- 2 m height. The plant posses aerial stems (ferns) and much- branched feathery foliage. The leaves are triangular scales like, 3-7 mm in length. The cladodes (modified stems) arise in the axis of scale leaves . Cladodes are found in fascicles (3-6) on each node. The flowers are bell- shaped, greenish –white to yellowish, 4.5-6.5mm long, with 6- tepals,single or in clusters of 2-3. Anatomical studies were carried out for various organs of Asparagus plant including, apex of the aerial stem, visible internode below shoot apex, median portion of the aerial stem, the cladode , median portion of spear, scale - like leaf, rhizome, adventitious root. The major chemical metabolites contents of spear were determined.
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture
1110-2675
24
v.
2
no.
2016
655
664
https://ajs.journals.ekb.eg/article_14811_e77e6f238871d258b621cfdd5788bb4a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2016.14811